Ndi Alpha kuwola Kodi

Today tikambirana chiyani Alefa kuwola ndi mmene kufotokoza mfundo za Agiriki ndi zina. Kupezeka kwa dziko zakuthupi Zimatheka zikomo chakuti kapangidwe ka amene ali chinthu chilichonse, adzalandira bata chokwanira. Mphamvu kumumanga pamodzi ndi particles mu ma atomu, ndi maziko a kuonetsetsa kuti kuli dziko lonse lapansi. zitsanzo zipangizo atomiki Current kulola osati zopanga malamulo, komanso kufotokoza zambiri zochitika anaona a microworld lapansi. Monga mbali ya chitsanzo mapulaneti wa pakati lililonse atomu ndi phata, womwenso mapulotoni neutrons mu magawo ofanana. Pali wa mapulotoni, neutrons ndi ma elekitironi ankayimiridwa ngati 1: 1: 1. Izi koyamba zikuoneka tingaganize kwenikweni ubwenzi ndi zotsatira za malamulo a chilengedwe chinsinsi: magetsi kuyang'anira elekitironi ndi ndiyofanana -1, ndi pulotoni 1 ndi neutrons, kukhala mgwirizano wa anthu awiri zigawo ang'onoang'ono oppositely mlandu, wonse electrically ndale (poyamba , choncho dzina).

Chifukwa mphamvu Coulomb wa mapulotoni mu phata la amawateteza mzake, koma counterbalancing mogwirizana amphamvu akugwira particles pamodzi. Kodi Alpha kuwola? Limagwirira wa pakuwonekera kwake ndi lophweka: Ngati mapulotoni kuchoka mzake, mphamvu amakhala akuluakulu elektroottalkivaniya mogwirizana amphamvu kuti kumabweretsa mapangidwe a mtima mbandakucha particles. The zifukwa distancing koyamba osiyanasiyana - zingakhale onse makhalidwe kunja ndi makhalidwe a dongosolo nyukiliya (mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito chinthu).

Kutha kwa dziko

Mpaka 1896 izo ankakhulupirira kuti maatomu ndi indivisible, ndi dongosolo lililonse khalidwe la mankhwala iliyonse. Koma Becquerel (zina amatchulidwa Rutherford), amene anaphunzira ureniamu salt, anatulukira chodabwitsa cha mpweya wa poizoni kuposa chikaiko osewera ambiri a mfundo za chiphunzitso atomiki a nthawi. Alpha kuwola ndi umuna wa particles ndithu mlandu - mtima wa helium-4. Iwo ananena kuti ndondomeko imeneyi amakhala makamaka kwa mtima wa zinthu zolemera. Mmodzi mwa makhalidwe a Alpha tinthu ndi awiri zabwino mlandu wake. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti Kapangidwe ka ma elekitironi ziwiri zikusowa. Mlandu okwana pamene izi zimapezeka kukhala awiri. Alpha kuwola anaphunzira Rutherford. Amaonekera zimenezi tinthu kapangidwe (2 + 2 purotoni nyutironi) ndi wolimba kwambiri ndipo theoretically, ambiri mtima ena amene angafunike kuti aswe particles amenewa ndi mtima wa zinthu mbandakucha. Komabe, izi sizichitika. Rutherford adafotokoza kuti asinthe nyukiliya zimatheka ngati amalowa izo helium maatomu (Alpha particles) kapena ma elekitironi mkulu-mphamvu (beta particles). Kenako, lidatsirizika, koma panatenga zaka khumi za kafukufuku ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo zatsopano m'munda wa kwadzidzidzi zimango - m'ngalande zolumikizanazo.

zopinga mkuyera

Monga tanena kale, kapangidwe khola - Alpha tinthu. Mlandu ndi ku MeV 2 10. Pofuna kuthandiza kuti kudutsa tsinde la atomu, muyenera kugonjetsa mphamvu za repulsion magetsi (kuyambira mapulotoni alipo mu phata ndi tinthu). Izi chotchinga yomweyo pambuyo Ndime ya amene kale kuyambira kufunga intranuclear mphamvu yokoka. malamulo microworld n'zosiyana mwachizolowezi athu, choncho zina kupita khoma, si koyenera kuti amuphe. Kudzera Mphambano mumphangayo akhoza kuthetsa vuto. Zing'onozing'ono ndi kusiyana pakati pa mphamvu Nyerere ndi mtengo wa ndimeyi, ndi apamwamba Mwina kugonjetsa choipa zedi. Pakuti mtima kwambiri kuthekera mphambano mumphangayo ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti tinganene kuti formations khola. Ena, pansi pa zikhalidwe zina, kulola malowedwe a kunja (ndipo mkati outflow ya) wa particles Alpha.