Kapangidwe ka maselo chomera

Kapangidwe ka maselo zomera ndi zosiyana pang'ono kuchokera nyumba ma ya nyama. Izi makamaka chifukwa njira ya moyo mu njira imene zomera ndi mphamvu yapadera - kupatulapo ochepa zamoyo zonse masamba ndi autotrophs, ndipo amatha kupanga awo organic nkhani ku zochita kupanga. Nthawi zambiri zinthu organic anapanga ndi dzuwa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti tochoka yekha mpweya ndi byproduct mosiyanasiyana photosynthesis.

Selo chomera: kapangidwe ka mthunzi

Kukhala ndi khoma lolimba selo - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za zomera maselo. Coyenera kapangidwe ka zomera maselo m'pofunika ndi chigawo chimodzi ichi. Kapangidwe Izi amalenga chitetezo makina mozungulira protoplast lapansi. Komanso, khoma ndi mtundu wa gwero ion, ndi chotchinga antibacterial. Ife tikungodziwa chachikulu chipolopolo mapangidwe zingaoneke maselo wamng'ono. The Gawo dongosolo ndi mapadi ulusi, hemicellulose ndi pectin. Koma makulidwe, mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chithunzi ichi zingasiyane.

Mu ndondomeko ya yofunika khoma selo mwina thicken. zasekondale ndi ukachenjede khoma mapangidwe amapezeka kutsatira zigawo motsatizana ndi chipolopolo chachikulu. Nthawi zambiri, pali mafunsidwe a lignin kapena suberin mu cavities pakati ulusi mapadi - kotero, selo likhoza kukula kapena kufotokozera.

Kapangidwe ka maselo chomera: ndi zofunika za protoplast ndi

Protoplast selo tichipeza phata, ndi cytoplasm, ndi organelles ena. Tikumbukenso kuti organelles selo akhoza kugawidwa mu Kakhungu ndipo sanali Kakhungu.

The cytoplasm ndi dongosolo multicomponent limene pali zinthu zofunika kagayidwe ndi zoyendera. The cytoplasm lili chinthu microfilament zopezera - woonda mapuloteni fibrous amene amayambitsa kayendedwe ka nyumba. Apa pali microtubules ndi centrioles, amene mukugwira nawo mitotic magawano selo.

gulu lina la organelles zofunika - ndi ribosome, lomwe ndi dongosolo sanali Kakhungu. Aliyense ribosome tichipeza subunits ang'ono ndi lalikulu. Mokulira organelles izi sichina chirichonse kuposa zinthu zovuta mapuloteni ndi yeniyeni ribosomal RNA. nyumba amenewa zimakhudzidwa kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni.

Kapangidwe ka zomera maselo: mapangidwe a organelles Kakhungu

Ambiri mwa zigawo selo mbewu imakhala Kakhungu.

Pachimake - yaing'ono ozungulira kapena elongated chilli zomwe zikuphatikizapo nucleolus, nucleoplasm, chromatin ndi envelopu nyukiliya. Ntchito yaikulu ya phata - kulanda mudziwe majini, ndi RNA kaphatikizidwe.

Endoplasmic reticulum ndi dongosolo la ngalande akasinja. Pali EPS granular (padziko ali ndi ribosomes) ndi EPS yosalala. Ntchito organelle izi yosiyanasiyana. Kodi apanga pa zigawo ribosomes mapuloteni limene kenako anayesedwa kusinthidwa a kale EPS akasinja. Komanso, kapangidwe amachititsa zoyendera zinthu.

Vacuole - dongosolo Kakhungu munali selo kuyamwa. organelle Izi amakhala bwino osmotic ndipo amapereka selo turgor. Komanso mkati vacuole anasonkhana zinthu zosafunikira kuti ndiye kudzera mapangidwe thovu ndi ejected kunja. Nthawi zina selo kuyamwa kusungunuka zinthu zothandiza m'malo.

Plastids - mbali ya selo mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, iwo anapereka chloroplasts. Plastids zigwirizana zipolopolo ziwiri, protrusion mkati kupanga - thylakoids. Lili inki kuwala tcheru. Ilo liri mu chloroplasts anapanga njira zofunika kwambiri photosynthesis.

The organelles chomera selo lili ena - ndi mitochondria (udindo kupuma ma), Golgi zida (amapereka kusokonekera ndi zoyendera zinthu mwa maselo).

Komabe, mbali yaikulu ya kapangidwe chomera selo looneka - ali wamphamvu khoma selo, vacuole ndi plastids dongosolo.