Katundu nkhuni Mitundu yosiyanasiyana: Wood

Chimodzi mwa zida zofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa munthu kumabungwe osiyanasiyana ntchito zachuma ndi matabwa. Katundu wa mtengo osiyanasiyana mtundu kudziwa kuthekera tanthauzo lake makampani makamaka. Kusankha olondola a zinthu zimadalira mtundu chomaliza cha mankhwala, khalidwe ndi kukhalitsa kwake.

Wood: zimaonetsa yolimba

Hardwoods yodziwika dongosolo limaonetseratu ndipo pafupifupi palibe fungo. Iye akumverera makamaka nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa odulidwa macheka, komanso pa processing. Nthawi zambiri, nkhuni ntchito monga kutsirizitsa ndi zinthu zokongoletsera. Kusiyanitsa koltsesosudistye (thundu, phulusa, Elm, etc.) Ndipo rasseyannososudistye hardwoods (birch, mumamera nati, Aspen, basswood, etc.). Iwo ali osiyana mu chikhalidwe mtima dongosolo wosanjikiza pachaka. Tiyeni tikambirane katundu ndi kapangidwe ka ena yolimba nkhuni.

thundu

Oak kuthabwa ndi osiyana limaonetseratu kapangidwe ndi wokongola ochekenera. Rock phokoso. Iwo ali bwino ankaona zigawo pachaka, yopapatiza sapwood kwambiri mumtundu kuchokera pakati, kumene kungakhale kuwala Brown kapena woderapo.

Oak mitengo yodziwika ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ndi luso kupinda. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa tannins (lalikulu zedi) ali kulimbikira apamwamba kuwola poyerekeza hardwoods onse.

Katundu thundu N'zosavuta amathandiza kuti chithandizo cha chuma, ndi dyeability wabwino ndi kupukuta. Ambiri ntchito kwa kusema, yokongola ndi mipando. Zikomo sitima zazikulu zakuthupi ali kungomanga wabwino popanda kuswa ulusi. The katundu makina nkhuni kulola ntchito thundu kwa mipando kupanga bentwood.

Wapatali mfundo kutsirizitsa ndi fumed thundu, omwe chifukwa cha kukhala yaitali mu madzi amakhala mphamvu kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri pafupifupi wakuda.

mumamera

Zimaswana popanda ngale a. Wood ali ndi kapangidwe zabwino, woyera ndi chikasu wofiira kulocha mtundu. zigawo pachaka bwino kuwoneka. Mumamera kuthabwa ndi yofanana ndi thupi katundu ndi makina ndi thundu. Ndi amphamvu, wandiweyani, olimba, mwachilungamo mosavuta kukhotetsa, odulidwa, kukonzedwa vanishi ndi utoto. Komabe, pamene youma amakonda kuwalepheretsa ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kuvunda, nchifukwa chake pafupifupi konse ntchito kupangira mipando.

More kufunika mumamera nkhuni kupanga zida zoimbira, pamene akugwira ntchito zina kuwamaliza, kusema ndi zina zotero.

phulusa

Ali ndi mdima-bulauni pachimake ndi kuwala chikasu sapwood lonse ndi chitsanzo wokongola wa ulusi. Wood amakhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ndi kulimba. Iwo ali ndi luso labwino kukhotetsa pansi nthunzi, pang'ono sachedwa akulimbana, pafupifupi si kuwalepheretsa pamene atayanika. Kugonjetsedwa ndi kuvunda.

Mtengo wa phulusa kuthabwa ndi lofanana ananyamula. Ntchito zipangizo ndi zipangizo zoimbira. Wa phulusa kumanga mmwamba (burls) kupanga zinthu zakale zamtengo wapatali.

birch

Ambiri ntchito makampani White birch. Zimaswana popanda ngale, ali ndi nkhuni woyera ndi chikasu kapena utoto kum'chitira. Iwo yodziwika ndi mphamvu zabwino ndi kulimba. Kuuma ndi osalimba - pafupifupi.

Popeza nkhani yabwino kwa ntchito. Good odulidwa, mokhomerera ndi mosavuta opukutidwa, glued ndi utoto. Komabe, ngakhale kuti katundu zonse zabwino nkhuni birch, palinso zina zolakwa zake. Ndi pafupifupi kugonjetsedwa lawola, kwambiri kuotcha, m'litali. Koma si bwanji kufunika kwa nkhaniyo ntchito liza, chifukwa katundu wa mtengo birch amakulolani yesezera zosiyanasiyana Mitundu. Komanso, nkhani ntchito yopanga angapo a mankhwala ena (joinery, maonekedwe plywood, nsapato, zipangizo, etc.).

zachilendo kwambiri kapangidwe nkhuni osiyanasiyana Karelian birch. Wosweka medullary cheza, wavy mphete ya pachaka masamba matalala lakuda magulu osakaniza kupereka wokongola zamawangamawanga pamwamba. Nkhani ntchito yopanga nkhani luso veneering mipando.

Elm

Iwo ali mdima-bulauni pachimake ndi chikasu woyera sapwood. Mabukuwa ndi cholimba, molimba, wandiweyani, viscous. Pa kuyanika ndondomeko sadzakhala osokoneza kapena nsalu. Komabe, chifukwa dongosolo kwambiri wandiweyani, lodzala ndi pores wamng'ono ali kwambiri zovuta processing (mu kupukuta makamaka) zakuthupi.

Izo ntchito mu joinery. Pamene zimapita Yankho bwino kupinda, kotero kuti ntchito kuti mbali yokhota kumapeto. Kukankhira zamanja ndi tinatake tozungulira wofunika kwambiri (zisoti) pa Elm lapansi.

mtedza

Wood ali wolemera zina zosiyanasiyana ndipo zosiyanasiyana mawonekedwe. mtundu zimasiyanasiyana kuwala wooneka imvi pafupifupi wakuda. Mu mawonekedwe a matabwa mwatsopano odulidwa ndi kuwala, pang'onopang'ono darkens ndi nthawi. Iwo yodziwika ndi mphamvu, kuuma zolimbitsa, kukana mkulu lawola. Amasunga kake, si kuwalepheretsa, n'zosavuta pokonza. Chabwino opukutidwa, odulidwa, glued ndi impregnated.

Ndi ntchito makamaka yokongola, mipando, kusaka mfuti, kupanga m'mbale.

Aspen

Pa yosungirako mu mawonekedwe a kugwetsa Aspen nkhuni zikuchoka mtundu woyera ndi azioneka Kamaoneka nkomwe noticeable. cheza Medullary ndi zigawo pachaka ndi pafupifupi wosaoneka. Chinthu chapadera wa Aspen nkhuni ndi yonena pafupifupi mfundo. Iwo ali kukana mkulu chinyezi, zilibe kuwalepheretsa, pafupifupi palibe ming'alu. Ndi Aspen zosavuta ntchito. Ndi zofewa, supple bwino odulidwa, analaswa, zosavuta osalala, adzatsekeredwa glued. The sangathe ndi m'mbuyo mofulumira Aspen.

Katundu ndi kapangidwe ka nkhuni kudziwa ntchito kwa kupanga plywood, kupanga machesi, mbale, zidole ndi zinthu zina zazing'ono.

alder

Mtundu zachilengedwe nkhuni alder zimasiyanasiyana woyera kuti wotumbululuka bulauni. Pambuyo nyama chifukwa cha mogwirizana ndi mpweya mu kanthawi izo unasintha red-bulauni.

Wood si cholimba kwambiri, lingathe kuwalepheretsa pa kuyanika, koma angapo katundu luso, monga yodziwika ndi omasuka zolimbitsa hygroscopicity ndi softness. Palibe vuto amenable kumeta, kupukuta, gluing ndi mitundu. Ilibe fungo ndipo alibe kuyamwa oonetsera extraneous. Iwo ali kukana amphamvu kuwonongeka, kawirikawiri ntchito zipangizo za zitsime, ndi pantry. Komanso, ntchito kusema ndi zokongoletsa. The thupi katundu wa alder nkhuni amakulolani kuchita kayeseleledwe a mitundu ina mtengo (mwachitsanzo, ofiira ndi nkhuni wakuda).

laimu

Wood woyera, ndi pang'ono pinkish kum'chitira. Growth mphete nkomwe kuwoneka. Yodziwika homogeneous dongosolo ndi kukhazikika. katundu amenewa linden nkhuni monga lightness, softness ndi kukhuthala kulola akuchitira zosavuta kwa nkhani malangizo onse, pamanja ndi lathe a. Chabwino utoto, glued, amasunga mawonekedwe ake. Nkhuni kugonjetsedwa ndi kuvunda, sadzakhala osokoneza kapena nsalu pa kuyanika.

Chifukwa kapangidwe wangwiro ndi otsika mavuto laimu ntchito yopanga madera ambiri chosema mipando. Komanso anapangidwa kuchokera matabwa zinthu zojambula, mapensulo, ziwiya izi khitchini ndi zina zotero.

peyala

Nkhuni ali ndi ziwengo zotuwa mofiirira kapena cheza chofiirira bulauni. Wamng'ono mtengo, mtundu ndi opepuka. Kapangidwe homogeneous osalimba, kuwala medullary ndi mphete pachaka faintly kuwoneka. Zofunika zovuta, wandiweyani, katundu, yodziwika ndi mkulu mphamvu amadza ndi mphamvu compressive. Mawotchi katundu wa mtengo mapeyala thundu aakulu ndi phulusa. Pa kuyanika ndondomeko pafupifupi sakhala kuwalepheretsa kapena osokoneza bongo. odulidwa wabwino mbali zonse. Easy kuti kupukuta ndi kudetsa.

Nthawi zambiri ntchito ngati mfundo mipando yokongola, kusema, zithunzi. The thupi katundu wa mapeyala nkhuni athe kupanga ebone ake onyenga.

apulo

Wood pinki mtundu ndi mitsempha ofiira owala, molimba, olemera, yomata ndithu, ali ndi dongosolo yunifolomu. Yodziwika ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ndi durability. Wood apulo mtengo sachedwa shrinkage kwambiri ndi warping, choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mu mawonekedwe zouma. Zofunika bwino sanded, opukutidwa, utoto. Pamene impregnated ndi linseed mafuta kapena mafuta linseed amapeza ndi woderapo mtundu. Ndi ntchito makamaka yopangira yamazinga ndi joinery.

katundu Basic wa softwood

Wood kwa conifers amakhala ndi yeniyeni dikira fungo bwino owonetseredwa macrostructure ndi biostability kwambiri poyerekeza hardwoods. Izi zimatha nkhuni mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoperekedwa kwa conifers ndi, zimathandiza kuti ntchito yawo lonse kumanga ndi kupanga katundu osiyanasiyana ogula. Kuti monga coniferous paini, spruce, larch, yew, Oil, mkungudza ndi yofanana ndi mkungudza.

paini

Mtundu wa sapwood wa paini kungakhale kuchokera wotumbululuka zachikasu pabuka-chikasu, ngale - kuchokera pinki kuti wooneka wofiira. Iwo yodziwika ndi m'malo kutchulidwa milozo kapangidwe. cheza Medullary zosaoneka. mphete pachaka bwino kuonekera pa mabala onse.

Wood ndi cholimba, zofewa, opepuka, caustic kwambiri. Chifukwa wambirimbiri utomoni amakhala ndi kukana mkulu kuwonongeka. Pambuyo kuyanika, pafupifupi munthu m'litali. Easy pokonza, chabwino anachekedwa ndi odulidwa, ndi bwino glued.

Mkulu zamakono katundu wa paini ndi ambiri kuusandutsa kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito ya conifers onse. Nkhani ntchito pomanga (onse mu boma ndi mafakitale) mipando, parquet ndi ukalipentala mafakitale, mu. Komanso, paini ndi kupanga zida zoimbira, plywood, ng'oma ndi zina zotero.

spruce

nkhuni spruce amakhala ndi softness, lightness, wafunsa wabwino. The amadziwika ndi yunifolomu kufalitsidwa kwambiri ulusi. Thupi ndi makina zimatha spruce paini patukani angapo zizindikiro. Iwo ali nayo mphamvu m'munsi, ndipo zili utomoni, zomwe zimachititsa si monga kugonjetsedwa ndi mpweya ndi zinthu zina mumlengalenga. Chifukwa kapangidwe zochepa supple ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mfundo spruce kuthabwa ndi kovuta ndondomeko.

zakuthupi A zimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga mipando. Komanso spruce kupanga zoimbira za zingwe (monga violin) ngati palibe mtengo ena sangathe kutulutsa Poyankha zimenezi.

larch

Ali sapwood yopapatiza ndi kuwala pabuka-bulauni pachimake. Zofewa, zotanuka, gummy, kugonjetsedwa kwambiri kuti lawola nkhuni. Katundu Larch mwakuthupi komanso makina mkulu mokwanira. Maonekedwe osiyana ndi a nkhani mphamvu ndipo durability. Iwo yodziwika kachulukidwe monga mkulu, amene kumawonjezera kwambiri desiccation (kwa moti palibe msomali ndi kukhomerera mu izo).

Chifukwa mkulu thupi katundu-makina larch lili ntchito lonse. Ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yomanga. Parquet ndi mtengo larch, kwambiri cholimba ndi moyo wautali kwambiri. Chabwino kapangidwe ndi zonyamula warping kuvumbitsira mfundo yofunika kwambiri kupanga mipando.

Siberia mkungudza

Wood pinkish mtundu ndi kapangidwe wokongola chitsanzo. Growth mphete kuoneka bwino bwino pa zigawo zonse. Yodziwika ndi lightness ndi softness. Malinga ndi katundu sayansi ya mkungudza paini wotsika koma yapambana mu spruce. Zofunika bwino kuzunzidwa, koma osati kugonjetsedwa kwambiri zimawonongeka.

mkungudza nkhuni ali ndi katundu kumveka, kupanga za izo zikupanga zoimbira (magitala, azeze, pianos). Komanso, ntchito mipando, mu kupanga mapensulo, ndi zina zotero.

Oil

Malinga ndi kapangidwe pafupi Oil paini mtengo. Ndi cholimba kwambiri ndi wandiweyani, mosavuta kukonzedwa. Koma lili ndi phula pang'ono, chifukwa cha amene ali kukaniza otsika lawola ndipo amafuna processing zina.

nkhuni Oil kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga nyumba yopanga zenera ndi khomo mayunitsi, yazokonza pansi ntchito. Komanso, nkhaniyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbale.

yew

Iwo ali yopapatiza chikasu woyera sapwood ndi wooneka wofiira phata. mphete pachaka yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe sinuous bwino kuonekera pa mabala onse. Chimatayidwa m'gulu mndandanda wa mitundu amatchedwa "ananyamula". Zovuta, olemera, wandiweyani matabwa. katundu nkhuni zambiri zabwino. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwambiri kuvunda. Good pa processing, kupukuta ndi mitundu. Chikhochi ndi chimodzi cha zinthu zabwino ntchito kuwamaliza, kutembenuzira ndi ukalipentala. zisoti wapatali kwambiri zambiri unakhazikitsidwa pa makungwa a mitengo yew ndipo makamaka ntchito monga chuma ndi kuwamaliza.

mlombwa

Wood amakhala ndi chitsamba chilichonse kuyamwa cheza chofiirira woyera ndi chikasu bulauni pachimake. Iwo ali mphete kukula wavy, amene ali kuoneka bwino m'zigawo zonse. Mtima woboola pakati cheza zosaoneka.

Wood ndi amphamvu ndi katundu. Wolemekezeka kukana kuwonongeka, nkomwe wotaya mu Volume pa kuyanika ndi pafupifupi sakhala pathupi anakumana ndi chinyezi. The kwambiri kuti ziume zakuthupi, kagawo wokongola kwambiri. Bwino ankachitira, wopukutidwa ndi utoto.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu penapake zochepa chifukwa ang'ono mitengo ikuluikulu kukula chitsamba chilichonse. Ambiri mlombwa ntchito kusema, kupanga mankhwala kukongoletsa, zamanja yaing'ono, zidole, nkhani Turner ndi zina zotero.