Khamu wapakatikati - ndi chamoyo zimene miyoyo wa tiziromboti ndi Mitundu

Kayendedwe ka moyo wa majeremusi ambiri n'zosadabwitsa zovuta. Kupita nchito yonse ya chitukuko, ayenera nthawi zambiri kusintha gulu. Mmodzi wa awa adzakhala makamu chachikulu. Mu thupi lake tiziromboti adzatha kubereka pogonana kapena asexually. Koma tikambirana khamu wapakatikati.

Kodi kapena amene ndi khamu wapakatikati?

Wapakatikati khamu - izi tizilombo, nyama kapena munthu, thupi zomwe amatipatsa kuthekera kwa tiziromboti moyo mu gawo larval. Mkati khamu wapakatikati kungakhale asexual kubalana. Mwachitsanzo, thupi la munthu lili ndi malo zosakhalitsa kwa tiziromboti malungo, njoka zam'mimba za matepi ndi tizilombo tina.

Komabe, si chamoyo chilichonse chimene tiziromboti anapita pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana chitukuko, amaona kuti mungafike khamu. Chotero anaitana okha nyama kudutsa thupi limene - chofunika kusintha kuzungulira lotsatira chitukuko tiziromboti.

Kodi tiziromboti mu gulu wapakatikati?

Khalidwe la mphutsi mu sing'anga wapakatikati lagawidwa mitundu 3:

1. Thupi wapakatikati akukonzekera kusamutsa ndi larva mu gulu okhazikika. Pankhaniyi, choperekera chitukuko zimachokeradi. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi trypanosomes kuti kukhala nyama, pamene kuluma ntchentche kugwa pa Zikuluzikulu awo ndi magazi likufa episamtigodnuyu kuumba tizilombo m'matumbo ndipo kudzera mwa kulumidwa nyama zina.
2. Mtundu wachiwiri wa khalidwe zimawonedwa mu thupi la khamu wapakatikati, kumene majeremusi kusintha zayamba, koma osati kuchulukitsa. Pa kubwereketsa m'thupi, chiwerengero cha tizilombo anagwira m'menemo si kuchuluka. Zimenezi chitukuko ali mitundu yambiri ya roundworms ndi tapeworms.
3. A mtundu wachitatu wa khalidwe angayambe ngati wapakatikati khamu - thupi mu yomwe ikuchitika osati chitukuko, komanso asexual kubalana. Pankhaniyi, thupi wapakatikati umeze kupeza tiziromboti wina, ndipo linanena bungwe adzakhala zikwi zingapo, wokonzeka kuwononga makamu okhazikika.

makamu wapakatikati ya majeremusi ndi

Taganizirani mawonekedwe enieni a tiziromboti, mwiniwake chachikulu cha munthu ameneyo, mungafike khamu - ng'ombe (ng'ombe, ng'ombe). Tikuyankhula zokhudza unarmed ng'ombe unyolo.

Mu thupi yaikulu njoka zam'mimba za matepi zikuchoka ng'ombe zoipa ankachitira. Tsesterki anadzetsa minofu ndi kuyamba kukula yogwira. The chifukwa cha zimenezi ndi njoka zam'mimba za matepi zikuluzikulu yemwe amakhala intestine anthu. kutalika nyongolotsi angafikire mamita 12-14!

Mu thupi, waukulu khamu tiziromboti zimatha kukhala zaka makumi awiri, ndipo panthawi imeneyi umabala mabiliyoni mazira, amene adzamasulidwa ku intestine ndi chopondapo, ena mwa iwo kupitiriza kukula mu gulu wapakatikati. Monga tanenera, mu mulandu wapakatikati khamu - ndi ng'ombe kapena ng'ombe.

Mu m'matumbo a anthu a ng'ombe mazira mphutsi kuoneka (hexacanth) okonzeka ndi ngowe wapadera. Iwo kubaya minofu m'mimba ndipo kufalikira thupi lonse. Mu minofu mphutsi ng'ombe adzapita sitepe yotsatira, iwo apanga Finns, umene ayenera kulowa waukulu chonyamulira thupi.

flukes chiwindi

Taonani mtundu wina wa majeremusi ndi zovuta kusasitsa mkombero limene pali zingapo wapakatikati makamu. gulu Izi chiwindi flukes. Zikuphatikizapo chiwindi ndi mphaka fluke, chimphona, lanceolate ndi Chinese fluke.

Woyamba wapakatikati khamu la chiwindi fluke - ndi Nsomba. thupi lake mphutsi likufa magawo angapo kubadwanso: miracidia, sporocysts rediae. Izo zinali kokha kwa m'badwo wachitatu wa mphutsi - flukes kutuluka kuchokera mollusk thupi pofunafuna yotsatira wapakatikati khamu.

The chachiwiri wapakatikati khamu chiwindi fluke (flukes) - nsomba. Nthawi zambiri iwo a banja la carp. Pamene chintchito luso salting kapena kuchepa kutentha mankhwala a minofu ya flukes nsomba kugwera mu chomaliza khamu lake, yothetsa mu chiwindi kapena ya ndulu ducts. Kwa oopsa Chinese fluke ndi mphaka fluke munthu.

Lancet fluke

Wina mtundu - lanceolate fluke, wa koyamba wapakatikati thupi nsombayi ingested zotsatirazi wapakatikati khamu - nyerere ndi patsogolo mu chomaliza khamu chamoyo - herbivore.

Kuzungulira chitukuko mobwerezabwereza kwa khamu mazira iyenera kulowa chilengedwe, ndicho mu dziwe. Apa iwo "kumeza" wapakatikati khamu. Izi zimachitika ku mibadwomibadwo, chifukwa chakuti munthu si oyang'anira zokwanira chiyero cha matupi madzi ndi akulola zimatulutsa madzi zinyalala popanda kuyeretsa yoyenera.

Mokulira kusanduka, ndi kuchititsa majeremusi kusintha makamu, amachepetsa katundu wina chamoyo, kuchepetsa mpikisano intraspecific ndipo kumatha kudalira chikhalidwe chimodzi. Zovuta zamoyo zinachita njira chili pa mlingo chibadwa, majeremusi, ndipo zimawathandiza kuchotsa ubwino pazipita iliyonse siteji ya chitukuko.