Kharkov kukatentha 1942

Monga tikudziwa, kuchokera m'masiku oyambirira a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse kwa miyezi ingapo magulu Soviet anabwerera kudutsa kutalika kukafika kumadzulo kwa dziko. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuyenda mofulumira mdani anaimitsidwa mu November 1941, kunja kwa mzinda wa Moscow. Ndiye mtengo wa khama yaikulu kwambiri ya Red Army anatha kutaya Nazi. Izi wafunsira asilikali ndi chikhulupiriro mu chivomerezocho wa asilikali kuchita kuukira zolawula. Komabe, maganizo olakwika amenewa ayambitsa ngozi pafupi Kharkiv.

Dongosolo original

Ndi nthawi pamene nkhondo ya asilikali German bwinobwino anaima, ndipo Komanso adani anaponyedwa kuchokera ku Moscow malire pa mtunda ndithu wamakhalidwe, ambiri makampani anali anasamutsidwa kuti Urals, kumene kuwasintha mu mabizinezi ambiri anachititsa kupanga yogwira zida za nkhondo. Chiphaso cha zida kuti asilikali zinayambanso kuyenda bwino, kuwonjezera, kwambiri adakula ntchito ya usilikali. Kotala chachiwiri cha 1942 kuti anatha kupanga osati akamaliza wa asilikali, koma asilikali ndi malo naini.

Kuchokera pa zinthu izi, High Lamulo anaganiza kukhala angapo ntchito tiponye malo osiyanasiyana kutsogolo ndi cholinga kuti kulichotsera mdani, osati akhale nawo gululo, kudula kutsogolo kum'mwera kwa dziko la Germany ndi, kukanikiza kuwononga. Pakati pa ntchito njira ndi anatchulidwa Kharkov kukatentha 1942.

The zikuchokera kwa kugunda tsogolo

Kumbali Soviet, anaganiza monga mwa nkhondo asilikali a amadzibisa atatu - Bryansk, South-West ndi South. Izi zinaphatikizapo vyakujumpha wa makamu ophatikizana mikono, komanso zipolopolo asanu thanki ndi zoposa makumi awiri osiyana brigades thanki. Komanso, mzere kutsogolo wakhala kusintha malo, imene inali mayunitsi zina oti muli nazo zida. Kharkov 1942 kukatentha kukonzedwa mosamala, kotero kuti nawo asilikali oposa 640 zikwi anali okonzeka kuti nkhondo m'tsogolo, kuphatikizapo akapitawo, ndi 1.2 zikwi akasinja.

Lamulo la ntchito lonse waikiziranso ndi anthu woyamba wa utsogoleri asilikali dziko. Mwa utsogoleri anali mtsogoleri wa South-Western Front, polimbana Semyon Timoshenko, mkulu wa likulu lotsogoleredwa ndi Ivan Bagramyan ndi Nikita Khrushchev. Pa mutu wa Front Kumwera panthawi imeneyo anali mkulu-General Rodion Malinovsky. magulu a Hitler kutsogoleredwa ndi Field polimbana Fedor Von Bock. mphamvu Common owerengedwa makamu atatu, kuphatikizapo chimodzi Army wa Paulo. Gawo limeneli ndi Wehrmacht wotchedwa opaleshoni kukatentha Kharkov 1942 "Frederikus".

ntchito kukonzekera

Kumayambiriro 1942, asilikali a Soviet anayamba ayendetsa kukonzekera. Iwo anayamba mapangidwe kufalikira amphamvu m'madera a South-Western Front m'dera Kharkiv pafupi ndi mzinda wa zoumba pamodzi, pafupi Seversky Donets mtsinje, pa gombe la kumadzulo kwa amene anatha kulenga ndi kuthandiza amanyansidwa chinanso ku Kharkov ndi Dnepropetrovsk. Makamaka, asilikali Soviet anatha kudula njanji, imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito yobweretsa mayunitsi mdani. Koma kasupe wabwera ndi izo slush m'misewu kanthu madongosolo nkhondo - amanyansidwa ankayenera kuti anasiya.

kufika

Malinga ndi zolinga za German High Lamulo ankaganiza kuti kukatentha Kharkov 1942 poyamba zili kuwonongedwa kwa Soviet Army anakhazikitsa bridgehead, kenako mu chilengedwe. Nazi kuukira unayenera kuyamba pa May 18, koma Red Army patsogolo pa Germany, anayamba kuukira masiku asanu kale. ntchito unayambitsidwa nafe munthawi yomweyo pa mayunitsi mdani kuchokera kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. Malinga ndi njira za lamulo Union, chimodzi Army anali kulowa chilengedwe - mu Kharkov kukatentha. Mu 1942 kuyambira pachiyambi lingasinthe ndithu - poyamba akufuna kugwirizana Soviet akhala bwinobwino akuyendera. Patapita masiku asanu, iwo kwenikweni anatha kupitiriza Germany kuti Kharkov.

Imodzi, kum'mwera kwa dziko la Germany akamenyane atatu chabe Soviet makamu, amene anatha kubooleza chitetezo cha German ndi kuyika m'tauni yaing'ono, kumene nkhondo yaitali aukali anayamba. Mu kumpoto kwa masiku oyamba a opaleshoni anakwanitsa wofufuza chitetezo cha German pa makilomita 65. Komabe, South-West ndi South amadzibisa si anasonyeza kuti wokangalika, walola Germany nthawi kuthetsa vutolo ndipo kuti tipezenso mphamvu asilikali, kubweretsa gawo lonse ndi madera chiwembu.

Zolephera choyamba - ndi harbingers tsoka

Opaleshoni "Kharkov kukatentha" (1942) unachitikira bwinobwino mbali ya Soviet yekha mu masiku oyambirira angapo. Pakutha tsiku lachisanu la nkhondo, zinadziwika kuti zinthu Sapita malinga ndi kukonzekera. Ndi nthawi iyi chitetezo anayenera kukhala wokongola kwambiri wosweka, ndi asilikali a Soviet - kuti amapita patsogolo, koma iwo adakali stamped pa mzere kutsogolo. Pa gawo kumpoto kwa nkhondo kumbuyo kuukira kwa German anali omangika. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale kuti m'masiku oyambirira a kuukira ndi kumpoto mbali anachita inconsistently. The mankhwala a amadzibisa Kumwera ndi South-Western, ndi onse anachita inconsistently, kulenga zolephera kwambiri ntchito.

Komanso, musati kupanga nkhokwe, yokonza nyumba zomangamanga ndi zotchinga anali pa msinkhu ndi otsika kwambiri. Chifukwa, kumbali yakum'mwera sanali wotetezedwa chitetezo zolimba. Zinali mwina chifukwa cha kukatentha Kharkov 1942 kenako anatembenukira tsoka kwa asilikali Soviet. Musaiwale kuti lamulo sanali idzagwiritsa n'zotheka amanyansidwa German pa ntchito. chidaliro chotero anauziridwa kukhazikitsa kufalikira.

riposte

asilikali German komanso anakonza kuti akanthe nkhonya ziwiri kumbali yakum'mwera ankamasulira kukhala otsatira zolawula pa zoumba pamodzi. Pa gawo ili la Lachisanu n'chinayi Army anali ndi udindo. Izo zinakonzedwa kuti Germany kubooleza chitetezo Union ndi asilikali zadulidwa pawiri kuti amuzungulire mbaavunga payokha. Lotsatira iwo ankayembekezera kuti apitirize nagonjetsa kuwononga lonse lankhondo gulu, amene mizu okha bridgehead lapansi.

Pa tsiku lachisanu la asilikali a Choyamba Panzer Army anakwanitsa anagumula chitetezo ndi thandizo la Red Army kukapha. Kuwonjezera pa tsiku loyamba adakhoza asakhalenso mu mphamvu yaikulu ya m'modzi wa makamu la Southern Front ndi kuthekera mthunzi awo kum'mawa kwa masiku khumi. Mwina kale Kharkov kukatentha 1942 (chithunzi, zifukwa zimene zinachitika alembedwera review ndi) yemwe anamwalira. Tymoshenko, pozindikira zinthu wosimidwa, anafunsa Moscow chilolezo mthunzi. Ngakhale Alexander Vasilevsky, pa nthawi imeneyo kale yoikidwiratu Chief ndodo, analola Stalin anati ake categorical "ayi." Motero, pa May 23 Large chiwerengero cha asilikali a Soviet anazungulira.

msampha mdani

Kuyambira nthawi kuti Red Army anayesetsa kubooleza anatseka misewu ya. Makamaka, akapitawo German anakumbukira otanganidwa ndi kwambiri kuukira amazipanga lalikulu chiwerengero cha oyenda. Kuyesa akhala makamaka bwino: masiku atatu kuyambira pa chiyambi cha chilengedwe asilikali Soviet anathamangitsidwa ku dera ochepa pafupi ndi tauni yaing'ono ya Barvinkove. Izo zinali kokha gawo loyamba la Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Kharkov kukatentha anali yekhayo zomveka chifukwa kupanda maphunziro ndi kusowa kwa mugwirizano. sakanakhoza kutuluka mu lazungulira mbali ya Soviet chifukwa othandiza kwambiri German. Onse Tymoshenko chochita koma kusiya nagonjetsa.

Komabe, kuyesa kuti mupewe malo awo chiperekedwe kwa masiku angapo. Ngakhale zomvetsa chachikulu (mndandanda kwenikweni wosatha omwe akuvutika anali) Kharkov kukatentha anakwanitsa kubooleza m'mudzi pang'ono pafupi Lozovenka. Koma athe kuzemba ku msampha chabe chakhumi cha wagwidwa izo. Zinali chopweteka kugonja. Kuphetsa mu Kharkov kukatentha 1942 - 171.000 anthu - anataya miyoyo yawo kwenikweni monga choncho, tingathe kunena kuti, chifukwa cha zokhumba za Stalin. Chiwerengero cha imfa anafika 270 zikwi.

zotsatirapo zoopsa

Chotsatira zofunika kwambiri kulephera panali kufooka okwana poteteza Soviet pamodzi kutalika lonse la Southern Front. Mwachilungamo mphamvu zazikulu anali padera mu Kharkov kukatentha (1942). Kukhumudwa pa inasintha nkhondo, zinali zopweteka kwambiri. Ndipo ndi Wehrmacht ndi, ndithudi, bwino ntchito.

The Germany linakhazikitsa amanyansidwa lalikulu malangizo a Caucasus ndi Volga. Chakumapeto June, pambuyo kudutsa pakati pa Kharkov ndi Kursk, anaswa kwa Don. Analangidwa koopsa Kharkov kukatentha 1942 - mndandanda wa akufa anagwirizana atsogoleri angapo a asilikali okalamba, kuphatikizapo atsogoleri a asilikali komanso amadzibisa. Koma pamene anali kubwerera kwawo mbali zina za zomvetsa Southwestern Front anali ndithu. Pamene Germany anatenga Voronezh ndipo anasamukira ku Rostov, asilikali Soviet anataya akaidi omenyana 80 200 zikwi. Rostov kutenga kutha kwa July, August, mdani anabwera Stalingrad - MSONKHANO wosaiwalika kuti Germany sadzatha kugonjetsa.

Nanga bwanji mu Kharkov ndi kupambana lotsiriza la Wehrmacht ku Soviet Union, iye analemba bukhu Konstantin Bykov - ". Kharkov kukatentha 1942 Chaka"

Bwererani ku Kharkov

Ndipotu, kumenyana m'malire Kharkov adali woposa kamodzi. Ndipo zimenezi n'zomveka. Hitler anayamba kuukira wake ndendende ndi Belarus ndi Ukraine. Pa njira kuti Kharkov, asilikali a Soviet unayamba kale kuganizira ndi kuphunzira kumumenya adani. Choncho, choyamba kukatentha Kharkov 1941 "kuwira" m'mwezi wa October. Ndiye mbali ziwiri kumenyana amasowa chifukwa chuma mafakitale mzinda. Komabe, ndi nthawi mzinda lidagwa, ambiri mwa akuluakulu manufactures kapena kale zimagulitsidwa kapena kuwonongedwa.

The zipolowe wachitatu malire chomwecho chinachitika patatha chaka chimodzi nkhondo yachiwiri. kukatentha wina Kharkov - 1943 - unakhazikitsidwa mu February ndi March mu gawo pakati Kharkiv ndi Voronezh. Ndipo nthawi iyi, mzinda wakhalanso analamula. Losses mbali zonse anali oposa chidwi.