Colonel - asilikali diktitura ku Greece. mbali khalidwe la junta ndi

Ulamuliro wa Colonel ku Greece anali malo unsightly m'mbiri ya boma. Kwa zaka 7 linakhalapo m'dzikoli anawapeza anathetsa mabungwe onse demokalase. Chitsutso zikadzawonongedwa, ukapolo mfumu, atolankhani anali mwamphamvu ankalamulira. Anayamba kuphunzira nyengo imeneyi ya m'mbiri Greek, asayansi anawaitana mphamvu osati monga asilikali lopondereza mwankhanza, anasonyeza odana ndi anthu ake chikhalidwe cha polojekiti.

Zimayambitsa ndi zinthu zokhumba

Mu 1965, Korol Pavel anafa Greece, iye ndi wandale wabwino. Iye mwaluso anachititsa pakati pa zipani, asilikali ndi atumiki a boma. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, anakwera ku mpando wachifumu ndi mwana wake Constantine. Mwatsoka, wolowa analibe mphamvu zoterozo Kumwambamwamba mabwalo ndale ndi pa nkhondo, ngati bambo wake. Dziko walowa nyengo ya ndale. Mfumu boma lililonse sanathe kupeza chinenero, moti anthu amangonena kusungunuka. Zotsatira zake zinali zochitika sinkakhala mu moyo dziko la ndale, amene ankalemekeza, kwakhudza vuto la zachuma ndi chikhalidwe. Zimenezi zinakhala mpaka 1967, pamene Black Colonel (kapena junta) anagwira mphamvu.

Greece madzulo a zokhumba za

Kale mu 1966, funde la zitsanzo ndi misonkhano. Mu January antchito kuponya ndi antchito kuchuluka kwa anthu 80 zikwi mu June - antchito 20 zikwi a mabanki ndi 6,000 ogwira ntchito ku positi ofesi, atumiki 150 zikwi Aatene yapachiweniweni anatenga misewu, ndi October anakwera omanga lonse la Greece, kuwerengera mabungwe ake anthu 180 zikwi . Zofunika kunyanyala makamaka anali chuma zachilengedwe ngakhale panali mawu otamanda andale: "Free chisankho", "Pansi ndi boma".

Ena andale analosera za kubwera kwa mphamvu ya ulamuliro wa asilikali. M'zaka XX mbiri Greek nthawi zambiri zinachitika mu 1923, 1925, 1936, 1953. Monga ulamuliro, olamulira ankhanza anayamba kulamulira kwa nthawi yochepa kukhazikitsa bata ndi mtendere mu dziko, ndiye kusamutsa mphamvu wamba. Black Colonel ku Greece, 1967-1974 gg. Zinali kupatulapo.

Ngakhale ena ananeneratu za kuwuka kwa mphamvu ya usilikali, ena amanena kuti nthawi ya kupondereza kale wadutsa mu Europe. "Chiwerengero cha dziko lathu ndi mayiko ena adzakhala motsutsa izo, ndi asilikali okha, kulumbira lumbiriro kuteteza ufulu wa nzika sadzaukitsa dzanja kwa iwo," - choncho anati junta anakana kuthekera kudza kwa ulamuliro. Komabe, chilichonse anapita chimodzimodzi kwa izo! Yunivesite ya Athens ngakhale kuwerenga nkhani za omwe amalimbikitsa ubwino wa kupondereza mu mavuto andale.

zokhumba asilikali

Ndi kasupe wa 1967 ndale izo amamuonera kufanana kwambiri. April 21 chochitika chofunika - mphamvu yovomerezeka m'dziko linalephera. Pa helm a boma anakhala junta wa Colonel a. Izo sizinali kusintha wamagazi, zinali kulanda boma. M'mamawa mwa likulu, anthu mtulo kayendedwe ka akasinja m'misewu ya Athens. wailesi kale anamva kulengeza kuti mphamvu wadutsa mu manja a asilikali. Iwo anati: Greece pamaso pa zokhumba anakhalabe dziko underdeveloped ndale ku Ulaya, ndi maphwando akuchita undemocratically. Mphamvu anali mtsogoleri, amene ankatsutsa, onse analandira mizere ya boma. Zinali wathunthu makhalidwe ndi ndale chisokonezo.

Asilikali anakwanitsa popanda mavuto kulanda mphamvu, mwachitsanzo. A. Population pafupifupi 100% anali kwa iwo. Asilikali a dziko lonse XX atumwi anapanga fano la "oweruza milandu" kukhazikitsa bata ndi bwino m'zaka lonse. Komanso, thandizo la anthu Black Colonel anapambana pambuyo mawu awo kuti ali bwino mavuto ndi zolinga za anthu wamba.

triumvirate 1967-1974

Pambuyo zokhumba za dziko mwalamulo analamulira ichitikire, koma mphamvu yakuuka anali anaikira mu manja a triumvirate wa - G. Papadopoulos, S. Pattakos, N. Makarezos. The woyamba anadzakhala akulamulira yekha Greece. Mu 1967, asilikali anabwera kwa mphamvu, kwenikweni, ndi Black Colonel. Greece patatha zaka zoposa 20 za demokalase anakumbukira kuti zimenezi mwankhanza.

Papadopulos Georgios

Ndinabadwa mu banja la aphunzitsi a kumidzi mu Peloponnese. Dera ali mbiri osauka kwambiri, anthu kaya amakonda kupitako kapena analowa usilikali, ndipo likhale momwemo. Chotero tsoka ndi anachitika George. Mwamsanga kunasuntha makwerero makampani, kukwera ku Mulingo wa msilikaliyo. Chinkhoswe mu zochitika za mobisa, izo anali nawo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ojambula ndi Mexico ntchito nzeru ndi CIA. Ine Anatseka kwambiri ndi Muzisamala claustrophobic.

Makarezos Nicolas

Malinga ndi Maulendo a m'nthawi, iye anali mamembala ambiri mwaluntha otukuka wa oimira triumvirate lapansi. Lodziwika stiffness ndi kuchenjerera, kupeza ndi kukhazikitsa moona apachiyambi, Chofunika kwambiri, mfundo zofunika. Ndinamvetsera alangizi ake kuwamvetsera. Pa kupondereza anali udindo malo ofunika kwambiri a boma - chuma, kukhulupirira kuti kusintha kwake ndi zotheka pansi chikhalidwe cha kukhazikika mkati boma. Monga membala wa triumvirate "Black Colonel", anatsala wochirikiza tchalitchi cha chipangizo cha Republican.

Pattakos Stillianos

Iwo anali kwathunthu "ankawaviika" makhalidwe usilikali, ngakhale zina anakhalabe m'malo zochepa, iye sanayese kuoneka laluntha. Mu 1940 anamaliza ku sukulu nkhondo ndi Papadopoulos. Chinthu chapadera cha anali mosiyana ndi mafanizo ena a udindo wapamwamba nthawi analibe msilikali. Iye anali munthu wachipembedzo kwambiri ndipo amavala kulikonse ndi chizindikiro banja. Nthawi zambiri m'malo Papadopoulos pamisonkhano boma.

Kuyesa counterrevolution

Za ziwalo zonse za anthu andale "dohuntovskogo" mode, mmodzi yekha anali kukana lotseguka kwa olamulira ankhanza a. Kunapezeka kuti Korol Konstantin. Iye anapeza anzake awiri, amene anali P. Kanellopoulos ndi G. Papandreou. Iwo anali odziwa bwino kuti mwayi kugonjetsa triumvirate pali pang'ono, koma, ngakhalebe, anathandiza mfumu.

Colonel ankadziwa za counterrevolution yayandikirayo. ndipo ngakhale okha chikwiyire izo. Pa December 12, anafika kwa mfumu ultimatut umene unali kuchotsedwa positi nduna yaikulu K. Kolliasa ndi nazanachit Papadopoulos m'malo mwake. Sami kunabuka tsiku lotsatira. Anakonza kugwila malo mkulu wa ndodo ya asilikali. Mfumu analankhula pa imodzi mwa malo ndi kutchulidwa kwa anthu Greek. Komabe, anthu a Greece wachita kanthu kunja kwa dongosolo, anaitana ndi mfumu. Komanso, asilikali okhulupirika kwa Papadopoulos, ndi yimitsira a kugalukira zinkapita ngati mwakachetechete monga wayamba. mfumu yekha anakakamizika kupita ku ukapolo kwawo ku Rome.

Tsiku lotsatira Colonel wakuda okha anali pa wailesi. Iwo anati gulu la zigawenga ankafunanso kuwononga boma ndi kuloza mphamvu, ntchito Mfumu. Motero, mfumu si mlandu. Ndiponso, mamembala a boma asonyeza kukhulupirika kwawo kwa ufumu, ndi zithunzi za m'banja lachifumu "chokongoletsedwa" zipinda a boma.

makhalidwe Political wa junta ndi

Colonel boma ku Greece kuonekeratu Pamilunguyo zinayendera yeniyeni pazochita zawo ndiponso kudalira konkire "zikhomo."

Choyamba, panali kulimbana ndi chitsutso lonse. Iwo analetsedwa ndipo onse amene anali ndi maganizo osiyanasiyana a ndale, anazunzidwa koopsa. Pa nthawi iyi, ntchito anali kukodzedwa zozunzirako.

Kachiwiri, zaka zonse mphamvu, junta kunachitika pansi pa mawu a nkhondo yolimbana ndi chikominisi. Greece anali kumbali zonse wazunguliridwa ndi mayiko zokomera. Ndipo, malinga ndi Boma, chikominisi 'adzawononga mu mutu wa Girisi. "

Kachitatu, yamalamulo anali kusungunuka ndi magulu onse andale a dziko. Choncho Papadopoulos anakana mfundo kulenga gulu lake, T. Kwa. Mu maganizo ake, izo sizinali zofunikira. Mphamvu ndi kulimbana ndi udindo wawo wonse.

Chachinayi, Colonel wakuda analenga mfundo Agiriki-Christian mzimu wotsutsana ndi chikominisi amene kumenyana chipembedzo. Junta kumanga anthu zochokera chikhristu, ncholinga chilengedwe cha "anthu kwambiri Greek." malingaliro Achikhristu zimafalitsidwa kulikonse: m'masukulu, sukulu ndipo ngakhale asilikali. Mu zonse mizinda ya Greece anali zithunzi akuyitanira kulima makhalidwe achikhristu.

The mavuto azachuma ya 1973-1974. ndi kugwa kwa junta ndi

Colonel anayamba kulamulira pansi pa mbendera ya yankho la mavuto azachuma, ndale ndi zochitika. Kuti gawo la anthu amene amakhulupirira izo, zaka anakhumudwa mu mphamvu ya usilikali, amene sanali mudzachoka, yakupereka ulamuliro boma wamba. Ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri, mmene chuma chikuyendera sakuyenda. Ayambe kufufuma, mlingo umene ndi apamwamba kuposa kukula kwa malipiro mu dziko. Anthu salinso anathandiza junta. Ndiyeno boma anaganiza kudziikira malire kukula mtengo lopanga anayankha moyipa kwambiri, ndiye ulamuliro wa Colonel anatumiza ufulu zimatengedwa mtengo wa mitundu yopitirira 150 ya katundu ndi ntchito. Mitengo ananyamuka kwambiri!

Pali akhala akulankhula motsutsa boma ndi malamulo a masankho demokalase komanso kubwerera kwa mfumu. Nkhambakamwa malipiro apamwamba, boma ananena kuti mlingo wa malipiro zimadalira zokolola, kupanga bwino kuti kuwonjezeka si kuyembekezera. Anapitiriza kupondereza.

Kuti mwanjira zimalepheretsa anthu ku mavuto mkati, ndi Colonel boma anaganiza kugwira yaing'ono wopambana nkhondo, amene akuyembekezeka alumikiza Cyprus. Izo zinachitika mu July 1974. Komabe, kuukira Greece anali atathamangitsidwa, asilikali anakakamizika kuchoka pa chilumbacho. Pambuyo pake, junta wakhala zawo, ndipo mphamvu wadutsa mu manja a boma demokalase. Pa nthawi imeneyi 7-chaka Colonel ku Greece inatha.

Kwa zaka mphamvu, Colonel analephera kubweretsa Greece kunja kwa ndale ndi zachuma. zinthu Enanso kukula mu dziko, anthu akupeza osauka ndi tsiku. Onse zinachititsa kuti choona kuti kauntala zokhumba zimachitika, ndikanakhoza kokha kudikira apamwamba kusakhutira pachimake mwankhanza. Zinachitika kulephera wina ku Cyprus. Olamulira adatsutsidwa. Papadopoulos, Makarezos, Pattakos kuti aphedwe, koma kenako anasintha chiganizo m'ndende moyo. Choncho inatha chi, otsala wakuda malo mu mbiri ya chitukuko Greek.