Soviet cosmonaut ndi wasayansi Valentin Lebedev yonena

Earth - mbewu ya mchenga poyerekeza ndi mphamvu amatichititsa wa chilengedwe chonse. Osawerengeka nyenyezi masango, mayiko zachinsinsi, woopsa mabowo wakuda - okhala okhazikika a dziko, mawu a amene zimawononga earthlings lapansi. Space ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi izo, kwa zaka amakopeka ndi poona maganizo chidwi. maphunziro ndi chifukwa kafukufuku wakhala chidziwitso lalikulu la dziko yaikulu komanso mlendo kwathunthu kwa ife. Kumene, m'dera limeneli la chitukuko akutsatiridwa mosalekeza ngati n'zotheka kuphunzira malamulo a chilengedwe kwamuyaya. Anthu amene adzipereka ntchito izi, ndithudi, woyenera ulemu. Iwo zakuthambo, cosmologists, astrophysicists ndi chombo.

Moscow ubwana

Lebedev Valentin Vitalevich - Soviet cosmonaut, PhD, pulofesa ndi mbuye wa masewera. Munthu uyu anatumikira Yehova mokhulupirika choyenera danga kafukufuku, kotero mwamphamvu mizu mbiri ya malo dziko. World Register anatumizidwa nambala 70, malinga ndi kalembera Soviet - nambala 29. Valentin Lebedev mu ntchito yake anapanga ndege ziwiri kupitirira Earth kamodzi kwa ndithu nthawi yaitali (maola oposa awiri), anachokera ku malo lotseguka.

wokayenda pamwezi tsogolo anabadwa mu Moscow. tsiku limene anabadwa amadziwika: April 14, 1942. Iye analeredwa m'banja la anthu wamba. mayi wake - Antonina Fedorovna - ankagwira ntchito yowerengera ndi atate wake - Vitaly Vladimirovich - anasankha utumiki asilikali. Mwina, chigamulo cha mwanayo kusankha ntchito imeneyi mtima anakopeka ndi chibadwa bambo ake. Valentin Lebedev anaphunzira Naro-Fominsk sekondale nambala 4, amene anamaliza mu 1959. Panthawi imeneyi, mnyamata anaganiza pa vekitala poyenda ndi zinthu zofunika pa moyo ndipo adaganiza kuti asankhe njira ya katswiri woyendetsa.

Long yopita ku malo: chiyambi

Orenburg Aviation School - ichi ndi chisankho amazindikira chombo m'tsogolo. Maphunziro apo walola munthu kukhazikitsa yokha mu lingaliro la kulondola njira osankhidwa. Mwatsoka, mu masiku amenewo zinachitika pa ziŵalo ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu onyamula wa USSR, kusintha kotero kawirikawiri zachitika malowa. M'kupita Aviation School, umene unachitika Lebedev maphunziro inasokonekera. Valentine waganiza kuti kusintha maloto ndipo analowa Moscow Aviation Institute ku mphamvu ya ndege. Koma kuphunzira sunali mnyamata, ndipo mu kufanana chinayamba molimba kasamalidwe ntchito ndege. Iye anawulukira ku zipangizo monga Yak 18, IL 29 anakumana MI-1. Ndipo kuyamba ndi chitukuko cha gliders (Kai-12). Choncho, Valentin Lebedev ndinamverera mphamvu ya ndege zachitsulo, ndi kuwagonjetsa.

Ntchito ku Central Design Bureau

Adakali wophunzira pa Moscow Aviation Institute dzina la S. Ordzhonikidze munthu agonjera ofunsira chikuonetseratu kuti cosmonaut lapansi. Ndipo mu 1963, analandira umboni wa Institute of Party nthambi. Izo zikumveka zodabwitsa, koma Soviet Union, sikunali kotheka popanda thandizo lotereli kukhala woyenera kugwira ntchito mabungwe akuluakulu. Titamaliza anayambitsa, Valentin Lebedev anatilola ntchito ku Central Design Bureau. Bungweli ndiye kutsogozedwa ndi lodziwika bwino S. P. Korolov. Kenako, mu 1979, bungwe la anadzatchedwa ndipo anali kudziŵika kuti NPO "Energia". Mu gulu ili, Valentin Lebedev, amene yonena wapanga nayenso ake yokhala zachoka injiniya wamba kuti kafukufuku pakampanipo.

Mu 1967, wasayansi nawo Maulendo mu nyanja ya Indian Ocean, bungwe kuti tipeze opanda spacecraft "Zond", ntchito mishoni mwezi. Chaka chotsatira, kachiwiri mu India injiniya anatsogolera gulu la akatswiri amene anali "Zond-5" - siteshoni danga kuti kumayenda pamtunda woyenera pozungulira Mwezi woyamba kupereka apamwamba zithunzi earthlings ya mwezi wathu.

Lebedev Valentin Anatolevich kwambiri akulumikiza ntchito zake ndi chilengedwe ndi zochitika m'dera limeneli. Tikutero chifukwa zikuluzikulu zina za mbiri wake:

• Kukweza chiyesedwe cha njira ya chipulumutso oyeretsa danga ankafika pa madzi ndi dziko.
• Iye anakhala nawo mayesero ndege la zombo monga "Patsogolo", "Union" siteshoni yozungulira "Salyut" (wachinayi chimodzi).
• Iye ankagwira ntchito ku cosmodrome "Baikonur" mutu wa gulu kugwira ntchito-luso.
• Iye anali mphunzitsi ndipo mlangizi mu Cosmonaut Training Centre, kumene ophunzitsidwa adalira "Soyuz" (4-9) kuwuluka.
• Yopangidwa zolembedwa ndondomeko Buku docking ndi kukakumana, komanso kuchepetsa Sitima siteshoni yozungulira.

kukonzekera Flight

Atalandirapo zinachitikira zofunika, tikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, Valentin Lebedev anafika pafupi ndi cholinga. Mu 1969, injiniya wolemekezeka nawo mwayi kwa maphunziro apadera. chapadera Home mankhwala gulu lake ndikatha kumfunsafunsa kusamala ndi mokwanira za wokayenda pamwezi m'tsogolo. Izi zinachitika mwa mpanda wa bungwe kulemekezedwa, lotchedwa Institute Mavuto Biomedical. Mogwirizana ndi chochitika chofunika mu moyo wa Lebedev, iye anafunika kusiya maphunziro awo ku sukulu ya ndege mayeso. Pa phunzirolo iye anayenera kuchidziwa piloting womenya "MIG 15" ndi "Mig 21".

Pambuyo kukonzekera tima malo ndege (malinga ndi kubwerera) Valentin V. anasonyeza zotsatira zabwino kuti wonse anali analembetsa adalira pansi.

Danga poyamba ulendo Lebedev

Yambani ndege chinachitika mu 1973, m'nyengo yozizira (December 18). Valentin Lebedev anali mu "Soyuz-13" m'mlengalenga adalira ngati ndege injiniya. kuitanidwa kwake chizindikiro - "Kavkaz-2." The ndege yochepa ankakhala - za 7 masiku, koma anali ndi zofunika kwambiri sayansi. chakuti ngalawayo danga anali okonzeka ndi dongosolo latsopano wa telesikopu wa mtundu "Orion-2" chifukwa cha ntchito yolongosoka ya zida zatsopano ndi akatswiri olosera ayamba zofunika kwambiri astrophysical ananena ndi ultraviolet sipekitiramu mu yosesa.

Patapita zaka ziwiri, pambuyo ndege yake yoyamba Lebedev kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa wake masewera oyendetsa ntchito maimidwe maphunziro ndi njira ophunzitsira kuti amalimbikitsa. nthawi ili yonse wokayenda pamwezi akugwirabe ntchito "Mphamvu" NGO. PhD nkhani yolembedwa, mokongola kumbuyo mwa iye, amapereka wachibadidwe latsopano, bwino kuyang'ana pa kuphunzitsa asanapite ku malo. Makamaka zofunika anali zikhalidwe zimathandizadi ambiri kuzindikira awo: nyenyezi danga kukakumana mokoma docking, mayendedwe danga.

Flight injiniya ndi chizindikiro kuitana "Elbrus-2"

The ndege chachiwiri Lebedev unachitika mu 1982 pa malo ovuta amatchedwa "Soyuz T-5" (popanda iye, panali oterowo chombo monga yonyamula katundu "Patsogolo" ndi siteshoni yozungulira "Salyut-7"), analowa Guinness Book of Records yonse ya ulendo danga (masiku oposa 211). The ndege anapita mu mbiri osati mawu a nthawi, komanso chifukwa chakuti panthawi imeneyi Lebedev imachitika zatsopano zambiri ndi zomwe zagwiridwa ndi pulogalamu yaikulu kafukufuku. N'zochititsa chidwi ili ntchito ndege injiniya anali adagawana ndi kuitana chizindikiro "Elbrus-2". Pa ndege, Lebedev spacewalks ndipo anakhala kumeneko kwa maola awiri. Chifukwa, iye anali kupereka udindo wa mlangizi-mayeso cosmonaut a kalasi loyamba.

Mwa njira, mbali zovuta yozungulira siteshoni "Salyut-7", anaikira kafukufuku wa sayansi, zachipatala ndi sayansi mu zingalowe, ali chitsanzo atsopano zino.

Wapatali cha umboni

Pamaulendo ake danga awiri luso ndege injiniya nawo pafupi mazana atatu zatsopano zofunika zosiyanasiyana za sayansi. Ambiri a iwo anali osiyana. Anayeza zikuchokera mlengalenga pafupi siteshoni, Mukalongosola milingo kugwedera mkati gawo danga, njira yokonza zitsanzo wosabala kwachilengedwenso. Ndipo potsiriza, kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya astronautics pa bolodi spacecraft nakulitsa mbewu wotchedwa "Arabidopsis" imene kakusintha wathunthu kakulidwe mkombero.

Komanso, izo zikanakhala zotheka kukhala njira yoyenda yokha ulamuliro "Salyut-7" siteshoni danga kuti azindikire tectonics ndi nyumba Geological padziko lathuli. Choncho anapatsidwa ponse kolowera m'pofunika kuchita kufunafuna mafuta, mafuta ndi madipoziti polymetallic m'dera Altai.

Pambuyo ndege, Valentin Lebedev anapitiliza kugwira ntchito mu ofesi kapangidwe ndi kuchita zinthu sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1985 injiniya kumbuyo nkhani yolembedwa wake digirii zachitika methodological, zomwe zochitika za machitidwe yozungulira ndi Kuonjezera cangu awo. ntchito umenewu wakhala ena chosintha pati - izo Valentin V. akufuna kuti konza ntchito anthu ogwira ntchito, n'kuchotsapo chizolowezi zosafunika ndiponso mwasintha pa malo zipangizo kuwombera.

Valentin Lebedev: wokayenda pamwezi tsikulo

Kuwonjezera zokhudza sayansi (193), amene adakali monga maziko awo ophunzira mayunivesite ambiri kuloza yeniyeni, Valentin V. analemba mabuku. Mwachitsanzo, "gawo langa" ndi "Zipangizo kafukufuku ndege injiniya." Koma ntchito zimenezi zinalengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za m'nthano "Diary wa wokayenda pamwezi ndi." Wapadera kulembamo kuti iwo sanali m'buku, koma kuti amafotokoza maganizo awo ndi maganizo pa pepala. Osati powasamalira kalembedwe, ndi wokayenda pamwezi anafotokoza masiku pamaso pa chiyambi, pamene, ndi kukhala pa bolodi siteshoni. Chidwi lumbiro kwapatsidwa mwa Lebedev yekha basi pamaso ndege. , Iye analonjeza kuti otentha, kuti asakhumudwitse bwenzi kukhala ndi udindo chifukwa cha zochita zawo ndi kuperekedwa ukugwiradi ntchito.

Kumene, pali malo enaake, ndipo maganizo kuti wokayenda pamwezi anali banja, amayi. Pakati pa mizere pali molakalaka banja ndi dziko. Komanso mu mbiri kumaphatikizapo zambiri za vuto thupi kuti azolowere zinthu zakuthambo: tulo, nseru, kulimbikira mutu. Panali chokhwima mavuto amaganizo - zinali zovuta kuti kukumana ndi okondedwa chifukwa cha maganizo anasonkhanitsa.

"Diary wa wokayenda pamwezi ndi" woyamba amanyamula chophimba ndipo ikusonyeza tsiku ndi tsiku anthu awa, maganizo awo. maumboni awa ali zothandiza kwambiri ofuna ntchito mu mlengalenga.

Mphotho aona ngwazi

Apadera cosmonaut Lebedev Valentin Vitalevich anapanga zopereka chofunika kwa danga, astrophysical, navigation ndi kafukufuku miyala. Munthu uyu ndithudi anapereka moyo wake kwa sayansi, sakanachitira mwina koma mphoto zambiri ndipo kanali. Iye sanachite kufuna kuti akhale otchuka, koma monga mkulu khalidwe ndi moyo wa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale patchuthi, Valentin V. sakanakhoza kukhala wopanda ntchito - pamodzi ndi ophunzira ake, iye anapita kuthandiza pomanga lodziwika bwino wa Bam, amene analandira wina mphoto - ". Pakuti yomanga Bam" n'kulandira mendulo Komanso, wasayansi ya zakuthambo anali kupereka maina audindo otsatirawa ndi zipsera za kusiyana:

• "Hero wa Soviet Union" (kawiri).
• IV digiri Order "Pakuti Inagwira".
• Dongosolo la Lenin (mphoto ziwiri).
• "Pakuti kuyenera pa zokambiranazi a danga" - Mendulo munthu.
• French wokayenda pamwezi analandira Order ya Legiyo Ulemu.
• Analemekeza Ntchito ya Science.

Komanso, monga tanenera kale, kuthawa anali kutchulidwa Guinness Book of Records, ndi Moscow opita Alley ndi kugwira yaulemerero ndege injiniya, Valentin V. ndi nzika aulemu m'midzi yambiri Russian, makamaka Naro-Fominsk. Ndipo NASA wakhala akufuna kuti Lebedev aulemu nzika wa Boma la Texas pa chopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha astronautics. Potsiriza, mmodzi wa mapulaneti zazing'ono dzina la wasayansi ndi luso - anaganiza ndi la International zakuthambo Union.

Little za moyo wake

Monga panokha Valentina Vitalevicha Lebedeva, chirichonse chiri khola - kuyambira kalekale wakwatiwa ndi mkazi wokongola kumuyandikira onse mu mzimu ndi mawu katswiri (komanso katswiri). Lyudmila Vitalevna, wasayansi ya zakuthambo mkazi, panopa kwayekha udindo wa pensioner. Banjali ndi mwana anabadwa mu 1972 - Vitaly V .. Iye amagwira ntchito monga loya.

Banjalo Lebedev ndi mdzukulu ndi mdzukulu Anastasia Demid. Valentin V. ndi banja lake amakhala ku Moscow.