Kodi gulu loyimba mapulani. Mapulani gulu loyimba wa Moscow Kremlin

Ndithu mizere ochepa wodzipereka kwa Moscow Kremlin Russian ndakatulo. Mu zojambula ambiri aluso wotchuka akuonetsedwa wake umenewu zomangamanga akale. Moscow Kremlin - ndi chabwino mapulani gulu loyimba mu Russia. Ndipo ndicho za izo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Mapulani gulu loyimba - ndi ...

Mawu "gulu loyimba" chiyambi French. Iwo likumasuliridwa kuti "umodzi, kukhulupirika ndi zamalumikizidwe."

Mapulani gulu loyimba - kuipidwa wa zogona ndi nyumba onse, ndi nyumba zina (milatho, misewu, zipilala, etc.) kuti amapanga wogwirizana okhudza malo zikuchokera. zanyengo akhoza kukhala nyumba osati ndi nyumba, komanso ziboliboli, zipilala, zosemasema, m'mapaki ndi minda. Maganizo a gulu loyimba a zomangamanga zimadalira nthawi ya chaka, mlingo zounikira. Pamaso pa anthu, komanso mphamvu ya magalimoto komanso ndi kulemera.

Mbali yofunika ya zovuta zilizonse mapulani ndi mtunda ozungulira izo. Apa amachita mbali yofunika pamwamba mtunda onse ndi kukhalapo kwa matupi a madzi (mitsinje, nyanja, Madamu).

Nthawi zambiri, likulu compositional wa gulu loyimba mapulani waima chipilala kapena obelisk. Mwa zitsanzo choncho otchulidwa apakati St. Peter Vatican lalikulu kapena zozungulira mu Poltava. Kulemekeza kukumbukira ndi umunthu kwambiri, kapena kuti zikutsindika kufunika mbiri ya chochitika - ndicho cholinga chachikulu anathamangitsa ndi gulu loyimba izi mapulani. Photos of zovuta munakwanisa kuona pansipa (Square izi Petro St., Vatican City).

Mitundu ya ensembles mapulani

Ena ensembles mapulani analenga pomwepo ndi comprehensively, pa chisanadze okonzeka dongosolo mbuye. Ena anapanga kwa zaka zambiri, pang'onopang'ono wodzilemekeza ndi nyumba zatsopano ndi zinthu. Mwa njira, njira chachiwiri chikupezeka mu dziko zambiri.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ensembles mapulani. Pakati pawo:

• gulu loyimba a lalikulu;
• m'malinga;
• timabuku;
• zachifumu ndi m'mapaki;
• Manor;
• kumene kumakhala Amonke ensembles.

Moscow Kremlin - kwambiri mapulani gulu loyimba mu Europe

Kremlin mu Moscow - ndi linga lalikulu kwambiri ku Ulaya, mwa iwo amene kwathunthu ulipo mpaka lero. Izi gulu loyimba mapulani ili mu mtima likulu Russian, ndi za ndale komanso zovuta akuluakulu a mzinda, komanso ena chizindikiro chopatulika cha dziko lonse. Nawu zogona chachikulu cha mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia.

The gulu loyimba mapulani a boma la Russia mu Moscow inamangidwa pa confluence a mitsinje Neglinnoy mu Moscow Mtsinje. Triangular mu dongosolo linga chimakwirira kudera la mahekitala 27,5. Pa mbali imodzi ndi m'mphepete mwa Kremlin m'dera Red, ndi pa zina - ndi a Alexander munda.

Kumayambiriro 90 ntchentche ya kukhazikitsanso zikuluzikulu zinachitikadi mwa zovuta mapulani: makamaka pamene nyumba linakhalanso ndi Senate, komanso nyumba za angapo Wamkulu Kremlin Palace. Kumapeto kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri anali kubwezeretsedwa makoma ndi nsanja ya gulu loyimba lapansi.

Mwa njira, osati aliyense amadziwa kuti mpanda Kremlin si nthawi zonse wofiira, monga ife tonse ntchito pakuwawona. M'zaka XVIII-XIX, malinga ndi zithunzi osungidwa ndi mafotokozedwe, anali woyera (mpaka 1880). Lero, makoma a boma la Russia zina wodetsedwa ndi wofiira utoto.

mbiriyakale Wina chidwi za boma la Russia akunena za nthawi ya Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Motero, kuti anapatsidwa mu 1941 kutsiriza pa makoma pa zenera dongosolo anali kuoneka malo zogona.

A mwachidule mbiri ya gulu loyimba mapulani

Malinga pa malo a boma la Russia masiku ano Moscow zinakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Komabe, kalelo anali mtengo, choncho anavutika kwambiri ndi moto. Choncho, m'zaka XIV, anaganiza anazungulira mzinda ndi mwala makoma (laimu).

The kwambiri mapulani gulu loyimba mu Russia anatuluka mu maonekedwe ake panopa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XV. Nsanja woyamba inamangidwa pano mu 1485. Yomanga zovuta mapulani Italy anatenga mbali Komabe, maonekedwe a malo otetezedwa bwino kwambiri amawonekera "mu Russian."

chidwi kwambiri ndi wotchi yaikulu anaika pa Frolovskaya nsanja. Mu mbiri yonse ya wasintha nthawi awo anayi. Anthu amene amasonyeza nthawi lero, unakhazikitsidwa mu 1852. Zisanu zisonga nyenyezi ya rube galasi zokongoletsera boma la Russia nsanja anaikidwa mu 1937.

Moscow Kremlin anali lowonongeka pa 1917 Civil nkhondo. Makamaka, chiwerengero cha nsanja mu zovuta ndi zinawonongeka, komanso akachisi ake onse. Koma pa Wachiwiri World nkhondo Kremlin anapulumuka. Ndiyamika yodzibisa woyenera, amene anakwanitsa kugwira Soviet mapulani, ndi gulu loyimba Sanayenera kuona bombardment.

Makoma, nsanja ndi mipingo ya boma la Russia

The gulu loyimba mapulani a boma la Russia mu Moscow zikuphatikizapo nsanja 20 (zitatu za izo - mu mawu ozungulira, ena - lalikulu). The apamwamba a iwo - Utatu, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 79. Onse nsanja boma la Russia zinamangidwa mu yemweyo kalembedwe kamangidwe kake, kupatula zoyerekeza Nicholas.

Nsanja ya boma la Russia, ndi makoma zinamangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka XIV-XV, monga kuimaliza kukonza m'zaka XVII. The utali wonse wa makoma onse a gulu loyimba ndi makilomita oposa awiri. makulidwe awo zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa mamita 3.5-6.5 ndi msinkhu wa mamita 5 mpaka 19. Nsonga za mpanda wa mzindawo ali chokongoletsedwa mu mawonekedwe a mano, amene amafanana kumeza michira (chiwerengero chawo - 1045). Iwo anatumbula anasunga battlements ndi munakhazikitsa, amatikumbutsa cholinga chachikulu cha nyumba ino.

Pa dera la Moscow Kremlin ndi mipingo isanu ndi belu nsanja, nyumba yachifumu asanu, komanso awiri odziwika bwino chipilala - ndi Tsar Cannon ndi Tsar Bell.

Pomaliza

Moscow Kremlin - wapadera kamangidwe gulu loyimba la Russia, mu mpanda waukulu mu Europe. Pakuti Russian ndi malo opatulika ndi chizindikiro cha statehood Russian. Alendo akunja ndi chinthu nambala wani, iwo amakonda kuona Ku Russia.