Chikondi ndakatulo Tiutchev. Zolinga lyric Tyutchev. ndakatulo

Nkhope ya mnyamata Fedor Tiutchev sadziwa pafupifupi aliyense. Mu zithunzi iye akuonetsedwa mu zaka kuchepekela ndi aakulu, maso ndi chisoni, imvi kupatulira tsitsi, ndi chipumi, zala yaitali, milomo youma. Kotero, kwenikweni, Tiutchev nafika ndakatulo - lalikulu ndi okhwima. kuwonekera koyamba kugulu Lake ankaona kuti buku la ntchito 24 mu 3 ndi mabuku 4 "Contemporary" mu 1836.

Kodi zolinga zazikulu lyric Tyutchev? Kodi chofunika ndi chanzeru mu ntchito yake? Mu "Denisevsky mkombero" Adzaperekedwa monga chitsanzo ambiri wabwino wa mawu a maganizo ndi zokumana nazo za ngwazi ya ndakatulo nkhaniyi. Ndi ntchito, m'gulu izo, ambiri bwino ndi molondola makamaka lyric Tyutchev.

mkazi woyamba

Tiutchev kumanzere Russia pa zaka naintini, iye anachoka Munich. Kumeneko anakumana Emilia Eleanor Botmer. Mu 1826, anakwatira ndipo anabereka ana atatu. Pakutha 1837 Tiutchev anaikidwa mlembi nditapita ku Turin. Zisanachitike, iye ndi banja lake atafika Russia. Kuyambira pamenepo, ntchito yatsopano Tiutchev ndinapita ndekha, koma mkazi ndi ana ake anachoka m'manja mwa achibale. Poyamba iye ankafuna kusamukira ku malo atsopano. Eleanor ndi ana ake aakazi m'chombo ndi ngalawa ku St. Petersburg. Suli kutali ndi gombe la Prussia mwadzidzidzi moto pa bolodi. The Sitima kumira. Eleanor zinthu alimba mtima - ana anapulumutsa. Komabe, chuma banja lonse wapita pansi. Posachedwa akudwala mkazi mantha Tiutchev a anadwala kwambiri. Iye anafa pa mapeto a August 1838. Chitayiko chifukwa Fedor anali chisoni chachikulu. Apa suffices kunena kuti atachita imvi pa zaka 35.

Zimakhala ndakatulo iyi

Otsatira "luso choyera" yodziwika ndi chikhalidwe mkulu, kulambira zitsanzo ungwiro wa nyimbo zachikhalidwe, zosemasema, kupenta. Iwo yodziwika ndi chiyembekezo chikondi kwa yabwino kukongola, chilakolako kuti agwirizane chapamwamba, "ena" dziko. Mwa kupenda ndakatulo Tiutchev, Tingaone ngati maganizo luso zinaonetsera ntchito yake. ntchito zake zinapatsira ndi sewero wamphamvu, tragical phokoso. Izi zonse chifukwa zomwe aona mu moyo wanga Tiutchev. Chikondi ndakatulo anabadwa kuchokera kuvutika, ululu zenizeni, mmene chisoni ndi mlandu, imfa mpaka kalekale.

"Denisevsky mkombero"

Ntchito zili m'gulu izo, limasonyeza zochokera onse lyric Tiutchev a. Amaonedwa kupambana apamwamba romanticism ntchito zake. Ntchito zoyenera kuganiza kuti wolemba ndakatulo wakhala m'tsogolo kuti Elene Denisevoy. pachibwenzi zinatha zaka khumi ndi zinayi. Iye anathetsa imfa ya Elena Alexandrovna wa mowa. maso ake anali Dzikoli ubale manyazi, "osayeruzika". Choncho, pambuyo ndakatulo imfa Denisiev anapitiriza mlandu yekha kuti wachititsa kuti anthu azivutika wa mkazi amakonda, iye analephera kumuteteza ku mayesero anthu. limasonyeza bwinobwino mmene kwambiri ndakatulo Tiutchev "Last Chikondi":

O, kumbali ya zaka wathu
Ofatsa timakonda zikhulupiriro ...
Amawala, kudzawala, kuwala kutsanzikana
Chikondi analamula lotsiriza la usiku!

Mphamvu zimene chingwe bwanji owerenga, maziko mtima ndi artlessness mawu akuti kudzera akuvutika maganizo kwambiri za waufupi wapadera chachikulu chimwemwe wapita, mwatsoka, muyaya. Chikondi mu lyric Tyutchev zikuoneka ngati mphatso Lalikulu, chinsinsi. Izo sizingakhoze ankalamulira, chodabwitsa, zosangalatsa. Tayascheesya mu kuya kwa moyo olakwika chilakolako mwadzidzidzi Inayamba chilakolako zachiwawa. Wodzipereka ndi mwachikondi kwadzidzidzi kuwasandutsa "fateful nkhondo". Imfa ya mkazi wokondedwa ankanena zilakolako, maloto. Mitundu ya moyo, makamaka owala, chinazilala yomweyo. Zonse izi molondola analanda poyerekeza kuti amagwiritsa Tiutchev. Ndakatulo za chikondi, pamene munthu ali ngati mbalame ndi mapiko wosweka, amapereka mphamvu ya mantha a imfa, kusabala ndi wachabechabe.

Amene anali Elena Deniseva ndakatulo?

Mkazi uyu - atsopano, chinsinsi, chowawa ndi mokhudza chikondi Tiutchev - pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika. Ndipo ndi ife tikudziwa kwambiri. Elena Denisiev nkobwerera ntchito zoposa khumi amene analemba Tiutchev. Chikondi ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa mkazi uyu anakhala moona mwaluso, mmodzi wa mtengo wapatali kwambiri wa Russian chakale ndakatulo za zana la 19. Chotero angapo ntchito - kwambiri kwa mkazi amene anatikonda ndi mtima wonse. Koma ichi ndi zocheperatu okha maganizo overstrained mtima. Pa moyo wa kapolo wa chikondi Elena, ndi pambuyo pa imfa yake Anthuwo yekha Tiutchev. Mwina anapereka tanthauzo wake wamng'ono kwambiri, koma iye sakanakhoza kukhala popanda iye, Changu ake ndi mwachikondi.

Ubwenzi maganizo ndakatulo

Pa kwambiri Tiutchev kunali kufunika yaikulu chikondi. Popanda palibe moyo, iye anali wotsimikiza za izo. Koma kufunika pakuti sidali chikondi kwambiri monga kukondedwa. ntchito, zinalembedwa chaka 30 ( "Ichi ndi tsiku, ine ndikukumbukira ..."), dziko latsopano anatsegula kwa wolemba ndakatulo iyi. Kwa iye, anayamba moyo zatsopano. Koma izi sizinachitike chifukwa iye anali wachikondi, koma chifukwa iye ankaona kuti amakondedwa. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mzere wake:

"Chikondi kuvomereza golide
Anakudzula ku bere lake ... "

dziko lasintha mu kamphindi pamene wolemba ndakatulo anaphunzira kuti chikondi. Ndi chochitika ichi mtima umakhala zomveka kusakhutira anthu amene anali wofatsa naye, kumuyandikira. Kwa iye, panali kukhulupirika, koma sunaletse chopereka (komanso chinyengo kukhulupirika sanakukane). Mutu wa chikondi mawu Tiutchev chikugwirizana ndi sewero, silinasinthidwe chonyenga, zikhulupiriro ndi kuya kumverera. iwo onse anawoloka moyo a ndakatulo, kupeza akamagwiritsa ntchito yake.

imalandira maganizo zamavuto

Mu kuzindikira owawa wa St George Tiutchev akunena kuti, ngakhale mkulu ndakatulo chikhalidwe cha Elena Alexandrovna, ndakatulo, iye sanali kuika khobiri onse ndi wake makamaka. Only ntchito Denisiev anazindikira ndi kukondwera zomwe wolemba ndakatulo akuonetsera maganizo ake pa iye, kuyankhula za izo poyera komanso poyera. Izi, mu maganizo ake, zinali zofunika kwambiri kwa iye - kuti dziko lonse anadziwa chomwe chinali kwa iye. Mu kalata St George Tiutchev anati zimene zinachitika pa kuyenda kwa. Denisiev anaonetsa chokhumba kuti ndakatulo kwambiri anayamba kufalitsa yachiwiri ya ntchito zake, kuvomereza pa nthawi yomweyo, kuti ilo kokondweretsa kuwona dzina langa pa mutu wa bukulo. Koma m'malo pomupembedza, chikondi ndi kuthokoza ndakatulo iyi samagwirizana, kumvetsa cholinga chake ena kusafuna. Iye ankaona kuti lamulo limeneli si wopatsa kwambiri kwa iye, chifukwa, podziwa digiri ya umembala (Elena anati, "Inu ndinu changa", kunena za mlakatuli), iye analibe kwambiri mpaka aliyense mu mawonekedwe a kusindikizidwa mawu umboni kuti angakwiye anthu ena.

imfa Denisiev

Ubale wa ndakatulo ndi Elenoy Aleksandrovnoy zinatha zaka khumi ndi zinayi. Pakutha nthawi imeneyi Denisiev zambiri musakhumudwe. Anasunga makalata iye analemba kuti mchemwali wake. Mu iwo anamutcha Fyodor Ivanovich "Mulungu wanga wokondedwa." Iwo amalankhula za chakuti m'chilimwe kumapeto a moyo wawo Denisiev mwana wamkazi, Lelia iliyonse madzulo ndi ndakatulo anapita kukwera pa chisumbu, anabwerera mochedwa. Elena ndipo sangalalani, ndi chisoni, chifukwa iye anali yekha mu chipinda yatsekera kapena anthu anagawa dona aliyense wachifundo amene ankafuna kuti awone iye. Kuti dzinja, kotero kwenikweni ankafuna kunja. Petersburg mbamuikha iye - ndizoonekeratu kwa makalata ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri. Koma uko, kunja, iye anamvetsa nkhonya, choncho sangathe achire ngakhale asanafe. Patatha miyezi iwiri imfa ya St. George Denisiev Tiutchev Ine ndinazilemba izo mu moyo wa Elena Alexandrovna iye anali munthu chabe kwa iye ndi chikondi chake chokha kuzindikira okha.

moyo ndakatulo pambuyo pa imfa ya Elena Alexandrovna

Denisiev anafa 1864, chaka pa 4 August. Kumayambiriro October, mu kalata St. George Tiutchev analemba za mmene chosefukira kwa "njala ndi njala." Iye sanali moyo, chilonda ankachiritsa. Anaganiza kugwedezeka chowawa, kukhala tanthauzo. Limangotsatira ndakatulo chikondi Tiutchev. ndakatulo zikusonyeza nkhondo imene chinachitika pambuyo pa imfa. Komabe, kuyenera kuti sabata pambuyo kalata St. George ndakatulo analemba mizere odzipereka Akinfiev. Koma ntchitoyi zitha zikusonyeza kufunika kwa anthu, makamaka azimayi, chimenenso, sanadzisiyira Fedor nthawi. Ngakhale akunja asamangochita zimene akufuna, chikondi ndi talkativeness, gaping wachabechabe mkati. Atamwalira Denisiev Tyutchev chikondi mawu kusonyeza deadness moyo wake, maganizo kuzimiririka ndipo kulephera kuzindikira wokha. Koma nthawi yomweyo moyo mavuto, amalephera kumva mphamvu ankatsutsa Denisiev. Zonsezi zinaonetsera mizere ya wake "stagnation kuwawa."

Chakumapeto June, Tiutchev anavomereza kalata St. George kuti si tsiku limodzi zapita popanda iye kudabwa momwe anthu akhoza kupitiriza kukhala ndi moyo, ngakhale kuti "anang'amba mtima ndi mutu adzadulidwa." zaka khumi ndi zisanu kuchokera tsiku Denisiev imfa. Kuti dzinja, iye anakumbukira imfa ya awiri chikumbutso zingwe wake zachisoni. Mu Petersburg pa July 15, analemba, "Lero, wina zaka khumi zapita ...". Chachitatu August Ovstug analemba mizere za kuopsa kwa katundu wake kukumbukira tsiku fateful.

Chisoni ntchito za ndakatulo iyi

Tiutchev anali kutenga kovuta tsiku lililonse. achibale ake anaona irritability ndakatulo: anafuna chisoni naye. M'kalata ina alankhula za misempha shakiness, kulephera kugwira cholembera mu dzanja lake. Patapita nthawi, wolemba ndakatulo akulemba za mmene anthu chisoni ndipo amaona kuti sangathe kupulumuka zonse. Koma miyezi sikisi, mu ndime izi kuti Bludova analemba kuti "kupulumuka - sizikutanthauza kukhala moyo." Kenako mu mizere ake, kulankhula za mavuto anakumana ndi moyo wake.

Imfa ya ndakatulo iyi

Tiutchev katundu ndi maganizo ati kunja. Iye anati pali ndi oipitsitsa, ngakhale momveka kwambiri anamva wachabechabe uyu. mkazi wake wachiwiri, iye analemba kuti ndemanga kuti amakhala zambiri mumamva; mkwiyo wake akufotokozera za kutopa zimene ankaona pambuyo zoyesayesa zonse mwanjira kuchereza okha. Zaka zapita. M'kupita kwa nthawi, dzina makalata a Elena Alexandrovna kusiyiratu. Tiutchev anayenera kukhala moyo motalika kwambiri. Ndakatulo anamwalira mu 1873, mu July.

Chikondi ndakatulo Tiutchev mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake wakhala zonse zakukhosi. Mu mizere imene iye zoyenera akazi osiyana (mu makalata Elena Uslar-Bogdanova, mwanthabwala ntchito ku Grand Duchess, madrigals kuti Akinfevoy-Gorcchakova), chimaoneka chabe "kusinkhasinkha", zikuwalira ndi mithunzi, kuwala mpweya wa maganizo otsiriza amphamvu ndi zakuya za ndakatulo Elena Denisiev. ndakatulo zake zonse kenako anali chabe kuyesa kudzaza chikukanika mtima, zimene unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo kuchoka kwa mkazi amamukonda.

"Denisevsky mkombero" - zodabwitsa chipilala mkazi

Elena ouziridwa ndakatulo zaka khumi ndi zinayi. Tsopano n'zovuta kunena kuya kwa maganizo ndi Tiutchev Denisiev mzake. ubwenzi wawo chinali mwanjira yachilendo, zovuta kumvetsa ambiri. Koma chikondi chimenechi pa moyo wolemba ndakatulo wa. Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri makamaka anali Elena Alexandrovna - mu Zikatero, zambiri kuyatsa zifukwa mwamuna ndi mkazi mlandu. Ngakhale mavuto onse a moyo, Kuvuta, ena nsembe, momvetsa, zonse zimene zinasonyeza chikondi ndakatulo Tiutchev (ndime), ndi lodzala ndi mwachikondi, kunjenjemera molemekeza mzake. Ntchito nthawi imeneyi moonadi anali ndakatulo mwaluso mabuku dziko.

Zolinga zazikulu lyric Tyutchev ndi Turgenev. Kufotokoza mwa chidule poyerekeza

NKHANI Tyutchev ndakatulo akuwonetseredwa mu chakuti ankakondana chisangalalo ndi nkhawa ndipo maganizo kubala chimwemwe ndi kuvutika kwa iye. Ndipo sewero onsewa anafotokoza mu mizere odzipereka Denisiev. Potsutsana ndi yopapatiza zotengera malingaliridwe lililonse la mkazi amakonda, iye amafuna mwachikulu awulule Chizindikiro chake, dziko lamkati. Wolemba ndakatulo tikunena za mmakhalidwe awo kudzera malowedwe oyandikana naye mwauzimu mkazi. Pofotokoza zizindikiro za kumverera, zimasonyeza dziko lamkati.

Psychological zodzoladzola akukondedwa "Denisevskom mkombero" akufanana ndi heroines Turgenev a. Ndipo Turgenev, Tyutchev ndi kumverera - "fateful nkhondo". Koma pamene woyamba pano mbiri ndi chikhalidwe zowongolera wa anthu dera mwa ziwalo. vuto la maganizo, malingana ndi ntchito za Turgenev, anasonyeza chithunzi chenicheni cha mgwirizano pakati pa anthu 50-60-ntchentche. anatuluka kumvetsetsa udindo mabwalo atongi wa tsoka la mkaziyo.

Mu kulingalira wake pa chiwerengero cha akazi, khalidwe lawo, Tiutchev pafupi Turgenev. Choncho, akukondedwa ndi "Denisevskom mkombero" akufanana heroine za nkhani "misonkhano itatu". maganizo a akazi ndi ntchito za Fyodor Ivanovich akuganizira osati chilengedwe komanso chondichitikira wolemekezeka ngwazi za 50s, ndi Chitsanzo cha nkhani ya nthawi mu ntchito za Ostrovsky, Goncharov, Turgenev. Wotsika khalidwe ndinawona mu zowawa kudzikonda mlandu. Nthawi zina, zooneka kalembedwe mgwirizano mizere Tyutcheva ntchito Turgeneva kumene anasonyeza chikondi mavuto.

Pomaliza

Fedor Ivaanovich Tyutchev kutamanda mphamvu kumva mkazi. Icho chinali chinthu chachikulu kwa iye. bwenzi lake mu ndime chinkawoneka ngati heroine chikondi. Choncho amaika ufulu wake kumva, kulimbana kwa iye. The heroine chikondi ake amatiunikira yokha, makhalidwe abwino ndi mwayi. Kumverera yokha limasonyeza ndakatulo ndi wanyonga wa munthu, ndi momwe mtima umene anatuluka pakati pa anthu, koma wochepa mphamvu kwa wotchuka kwa anthu.

Tiutchev ngwazi - anthu amene asakhalenso ndi moyo, ndi wamba, wamphamvu ndi ofowoka nthawi yomweyo, koma amalephera kumasulira kwa tangle zotsutsana. Chikondi ndakatulo Tiutchev ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zabwino mabuku Russian ndakatulo. Mu ntchito zake zimakhudza kuchuluka losatha la chinenero cha Chirasha. Pamodzi ndi zinthu izi Tyutcheva poyerekezera ndi luso ake wouma ndakatulo.

Tolstoy, kulankhula za ndakatulo iyi amazindikira talente yake luso ndi tcheru ake nyumbayi. Iye anauza olemba amaphunzira luso limeneli mogwirizana kuphatikiza mawonekedwe ndi wokhutira. Mitu ndakatulo Tiutchev ndi kunadetsa chabwino n'kumaona zimalimbikitsa pa nthawi. Osati zapita pachabe kwa wolemba ndakatulo zinachitikira Kuzindikira Russian. Kutsiriza nyengo romanticism, ndakatulo wake Tiutchev umaposa malire ake. ndakatulo A amakhala ngati nyengo yachisanu ikupita chiyambi cha gulu luso kuti anatuluka kumayambiriro kwa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi zaka makumi awiri.