Kodi kupeza misa molar

Yeniyeni ndi ongolankhula umagwirira ndipo pali ziwiri mtengo mfundo monga maselo (nthawi zambiri m'malo ndi mfundo kulemera maselo, amene si zolondola) ndi molar misa. Onse mfundo izi zimadalira zikuchokera chinthu yosavuta kapena zovuta.

Kodi kudziwa misa molar kapena maselo? Onse zedi izi thupi n'zosatheka (kapena zosatheka) kupeza muyeso mwachindunji Mwachitsanzo, masekeli nkhaniyo lonse lapansi. Iwo masamu ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi pawiri ndi misa atomiki wa zinthu zonse. mfundo Awa numerically ofanana koma amasiyana gawo. Kulemera maselo yafotokozedwera atomiki misa mayunitsi, ndiwo kuchuluka ochiritsira, ndi kubala lakuti. imelo m, ndi dzina lina - ". Da" .. Mayunitsi m'kukoma molar misa mu g / mol.

zolemera maselo a zinthu yosavuta, mamolekyulu zimene zigwirizana wa atomu wosakwatiwa, wofanana misa zawo atomiki, amene kutchulidwa tebulo nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa:

• ndi sodium (Na) - 22,99 a. . Mauthenga m.;
• chitsulo (Fe) - 55,85 a. . Mauthenga m.;
• sulfure (S) - 32.064 a. . Mauthenga m.;
• argon (Ari) - 39.948 a. . Mauthenga m.;
• Potaziyamu (K) - 39.102 a. e. m.

Ndiponso zolemera maselo a zinthu yosavuta, mamolekyulu amene zimakhala ndi ma atomu angapo mchitidwe mankhwala kuchita masamu kuti tinachita kulemera atomiki la zinthu ndi chiwerengero cha maatomu mu molekyulu ndi. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa:

• Mpweya (O2) - 2 • 16 = 32. . Mauthenga m.;
• asafe (N2) - 2 • 14 = 28 a. . Mauthenga m.;
• chlorine (Cl2) - 2 • 35 = 70. . Mauthenga m.;
• Mpweya umene (O3) - • 16 3 = 48. e. m.

Calculated maselo misa zovuta zinthu kaphatikizidwe mankhwala pa atomiki misa nambala maatomu ukubwera mu molekyulu wa membala aliyense. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa:

• acid amathiridwa (HCl) - 35 + 2 = 37 a. . Mauthenga m.;
• Mpweya monoxide (NKHA) - 12 + 16 = 28 a. . Mauthenga m.;
• Mpweya woipa (CO2) - 12 + 2 = 16 • 44 a. e. m.

Koma kodi kupeza misa molar wa thunthu?

Izi ndi zovuta kuchita, popeza misa unit wa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala makamaka, m'kukoma mol. Ndiko kuti, ngati masamu maselo kulemera kwa aliyense mankhwala kuchulukitsa ndi mtengo nthawi zonse wofanana 1 g / mol, likukhalira misa molar. Mwachitsanzo, mmene kupeza misa molar mpweya woipa (CO2)? Ziyenera kukhala (12 + 16 • 2) • 1 g / Mole = 44 g / mol, i.e. MSO2 = 44 g / mol. Pakuti zinthu yosavuta, mamolekyulu, muli chimodzi chokha mchitidwe atomu index ichi, m'kukoma g / Mole numerically chikugwirizana ndi atomiki misa amafotokozera. Mwachitsanzo, MS sulfure = 32.064 g / mol. Kodi kupeza misa molar wa mankhwala osavuta, amene molekyulu wapangidwa maatomu angapo, munthu akhoza kuganizira Mwachitsanzo mpweya: MO2 = 2 • 16 = 32 g / mol.

Apa, zitsanzo apatsidwa kwa zinthu zenizeni yosavuta kapena zovuta. Koma kaya ndi momwe kupeza misa molar chipatso wopangidwa mwa zigawo zingapo? Monga maselo molar kulemera kusakaniza multicomponent ndi zowonjezera kuchuluka. Ndi Uwerenge mankhwala a molar misa chigawo ndi cholowa mu Kusakaniza: M = ΣMi • XI, mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuchita masamu kuti pafupifupi maselo ndi pafupifupi molar misa.

Mu Mwachitsanzo mpweya, womwenso pafupifupi 75,5% asafe, 23,15% mpweya, 1,29% argon, 0,046% mpweya woipa (zosafunika otsala zili ndalama zocheperako akhoza ananyalanyaza): Mvozduha = 28 • 0.755 + 32 • 0,2315 + 40 • 0,129 + 44 • 0,00046 = 29,08424 g / mol ≈ 29 g / mol.

Kodi kupeza misa molar wa thunthu, ngati yolondola kudziŵa misa atomiki kutchulidwa tebulo nthawi, osiyana? Pakuti zinthu zina lili mpaka chakhumi, kwa ena awiri malo decimal, chifukwa wacitatu masauzande, ndi monga radon - monga mmene chifukwa teni-thousandths ya manganese.

Pamene kuwerengetsa kulemera maselo izo sizimatanthauza kuchita anapezazo ndi lolondola kwambiri kuposa kale Lakhumi, chifukwa chakuti angagwiritsire ntchito, pamene chiyero cha mankhwala okha kapena reagents aitane tchimo lalikulu. kuwerengetsera zonsezi idzatha. Koma pamene akatswiri amafuna mogometsa kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina adzakhala kukonzedwa mogwirizana: Sankhani titre wa njira zitsanzo calibration muyezo ndi zinthu.