Kodi kuzindikira kuwerenga maganizo ndi: Kulingalira, kudzoza, ndi hunch mwadzidzidzi

M'madikishonale maganizo mfundo wozindikira kutanthauziridwa monga mwadzidzidzi, osati derivable zinachitikira kumvetsa zinthu mabvuto onse, chifukwa muli ndi yankho la vuto ndikuthandiza munthu.

"Eya, anachita" mu anyani

Koma kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu anadziwana ndi Gestalt zamaganizo V.Kelerom mu 1925 kuphunzira nzeru za anyani wamkulu, amene makhalidwe si woyenera mu behaviourist mfundo "polakwitsalakwitsa". Insight anaitana maganizo atsopano ndi kuzindikira mwadzidzidzi mu vuto limeneli ndi experimenter lapansi.

Koehler analembamo anapereka chimpanzi ntchito zake nyambo dostavaniya njira zachilendo kwa iwo: kunali koyenera kuti ntchito Chapafupi kuti ndodo iyi, chomwe chingathe kukhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kunja kwa munda wa view wa chinyama.

M'malo kupanga kukangana, kupanga zoyesayesa zinalephereka, nyani akhoza kwa nthawi yaitali sangachite chilichonse, koma kungoyang'ana pa chilichonse. Ndipo panthawi ina, mwadzidzidzi anafika njira komwe yomweyo akuyendera.

Izi "Ha-anachita" kafukufuku kutanthauziridwa monga mchitidwe laluntha la "kukonzanso ndi" ya munda wa kuzindikira za ntchito pamene chinthu ndale (ndodo) amakopeka ndi monga njira mathero ( "elongation" manja).

kuzindikira ndi chiyani?

Kenako, mawu akuti lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a zamaganizo a madera osiyana pamene akuyesera kuti afotokoze chodabwitsa kuzindikira, kuzindikira, kumvetsa mwadzidzidzi. Makamaka - pamene kuphunzira luso.

Wallace anasankha m'kati vuto kulenga kuthetsa magawo anayi:

1. kukonzekera ntchito.

2. makulitsidwe.

3. A kuzindikira mwadzidzidzi.

4. Othandiza chitsimikiziro.

chiwembu Izi si adatsutsana, koma onse amavomereza kuti m'malo ofotokoza ndi sindingakhoze kufotokoza zimene kuzindikira ndithu.

N'kovuta nkhani kwagona kuti njira aumbike pa mlingo wa chikomokere, pakadali pano popanda kugwa mu cholinga cha chikumbumtima. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chikumbumtima gawo lachiwiri ndi zinthu zambiri ntchito mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi vuto akulankhula. N'chifukwa chake pali zotsatira za anadabwa pamene njira Mwadzidzidzi mu chikumbumtima monga cheza cha kuwala pa maziko a moyo imvi tsiku ndi tsiku.

Inde, mbiri ya sayansi amadziwa kuti atulukira lofunika zinalengedwa ndi asayansi aakulu kuyambira Archimedes (mfuu mwa zaka wake wotchuka "Eureka!") Kwa Poincare masamu ndi ena ambiri, mu zinthu mosayembekezeka. Mwachitsanzo, pamene kumizidwa mu kusamba pansi mtengo m'munda kapena bolodi akuthamanga kusuntha basi.

Muyeso wa choonadi - kukongola

Mu Maulendo a Anri Puankare mukhoza kuona kuti mfundo imeneyi mu ndondomeko kulenga. Pamene wasayansi si wotanganidwa akudzuka mawunikidwe pa mavuto patsogolo (Gawo lachiwiri), mu chikomokere akupitiriza ntchito yake tima, zotsatira amene amadalira mlingo wa okhudzidwa ake mu njira za vuto pa gawo loyamba.

Pamene kuzindikira zinachitika, m'pofunika kubweretsa pansi m'munsi umboni, kuphatikizapo logic ndi masamu. Chinthu chachikulu mu gawo lino 3 - onani inspirations yadzidzidzi. Ngakhale chikhulupiriro chonse mu kulondola kwa bodza lawo, wasayansi ali kuti atsimikizire ndi ena.

Chinthu chidwi kwambiri apa ndi kayendedwe chigamulo lamanja kukopeka ndi munthu wamphamvu, amene amatsogozedwa ndi wasayansi, simuvutika kwathunthu ntchito pa dzanja. Kutengeka, kuwonetsera akuya kukomoka, Mlengi walangizidwa njira yolondola. Poincaré limanena kuti iye anakumana ndi chisangalalo chenicheni pa kuganizira za kukongola kwa zomangamanga awo masamu.

M'mawu ena, lingaliro la kukongola ndi zogwirizana ndi mtundu wa fyuluta kuti alibe kachilombo maganizo olakwika. Ndipo ngati palibe, munthu sangathe kuthetsa mavuto masamu. Kuti ndi wozindikira - ndi a zamaganizo a zilandiridwenso mfundo yogwirizana mitundu ya kukongola.

Mfundo limagwirira yemweyo amene yatchedwa ndi Kohler, amene anaphunzira njira kulenga anyani. "Gestalt" ndipo likumasuliridwa wabwino, wokongola, malizitsani mawonekedwe pa pawiri nzika za m'munda wa maganizo. Kusankha "maonekedwe abwino" monga Mulungu woona, ntchito nyani ndi mphoto.

Yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale ndiponso mfundo zomveka?

zamaganizo wathu compatriot JA Ponomarev akutenga view kuti malingaliro a munthu - zonse ndi chiŵerengero cha yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale ndiponso mfundo zomveka. Pa nthawi zosiyana za moyo chogwidwa ndi chinthu akutiakuti. Kufufuza mwachilengedwe anayamba kwambiri chiphunzitso cha vutoli, zikamera wa kufunika kulikonza ilo. The ndondomeko zofunika kosaoneka pakhomo la manyazi, ndipo kokha pamene chisankho ndi kucha, mwadzidzidzi limapezeka maganizo ake. Ndicho chimene kuzindikira pa nkhani imeneyi.

Pa maziko ake ndi chowaloleza chigamulo, pamene pali kufunika osiyana - kugawana anapeza ndi anthu kupeza aligorivimu wamkulu kuthetsa mavuto m'tsogolo.

Munthu tapatsidwa ntchito yatsopano, nthawi zambiri sadziwa nzeru nzeru, ndiyeno posankha limalephera pansi, wakomoka, mlingo mwachilengedwe. Mu izi, sanaidziŵe mpaka munda, nkhaniyi zikuwoneka malire. Ndipo amene akudziwa mmene kulowa naye, amalephera kuyang'ana pa vuto vuto dzanja lamanja. mudziwe abwera pa nthawi imene maganizo amatengeka ndi chinachake, kapena maloto.

Atalandira yankho yapamwamba, muyenera kuyesa kutsimikizira izo. M'pamene angathe njira mwachilengedwe adzakhala ndi ufulu kulibe.

Musafunse ndi centipede monga rearranges phazi!

Kamodzi Ponomarev imachitika kuyesera: anapereka mayeso kuthetsa vutolo, omwe ankafunika kupeza aligorivimu kuika zitsulo pa gulu lapadera. Pamene iwo anali ophunzitsidwa kuti agwire ntchito imeneyi, anafunsidwa kuti apeze njira zawo wachinyamata, mawonekedwe amene ali ofanana kuti kasinthidwe wa splines pa gulu mu vuto m'mbuyomu.

Anapeza kuti chisanadze mankhwala ndi mipiringidzo kwambiri kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha zolakwa wachinyamata. Koma ngati experimenter kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake ichi kapena icho chinakwaniritsidwa mu ndikuyenda za zisankho, chiwerengero cha zolakwa yomweyo kuchuluka.

Iwo likukhalira kuti ntchito mu zomveka akafuna kuzindikira chindiletsa kukhudzana ndi zinthu zimene mwachilengedwe. Tikawonetsetsa zochita mogwirizana ndi yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale kukusalani ulamuliro awo sadziwa.

"Ndikuona - ichi ndi chinachake apo"

Chachikulu kusiyana pakati yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale anthu a ntchito zamatsenga nyama - ubwenzi wake ndi chikumbumtima. Animal Mwachibadwa, malinga ndi sayansi yamakono, izi si waluso.

Plunging mlingo mwachilengedwe, latsopano woganiza akhoza imathandizira pa makumi a zikwi za nthawi, ndi mphamvu zochepa. Iwo angaone funde la mphamvu zatsopano, njira mwachilengedwe timakhala ndi maganizo Nyamulani ndi kumverera kwa "moyo weniweniwo." Creative anthu kuzitcha izo kudzoza.

Insight mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku

Musaganize kuti kudzoza, kuzindikira, - ndi mwayi wapadera asayansi kapena ojambula zithunzi. Wamba moyo wa munthu wodzazidwa ndi nzeru nzeru ndi zina zothetsera mosayembekezereka. Tili nthawi zonse kuthetsa ntchito yatsopano kuti sizinayende amenable kuti akanthe mwadala.

Insight - ndi kuwerenga maganizo a zone lithandize ali mayankho a mafunso waukulu. Ife tikupeza kuti pambuyo anayesera njira zambiri analephera, kale mu kusimidwa, ndipo ndi manja ake, potsiriza akusochera ndi kusiya kuyang'ana njira yothetsera. Inali pa nthawi iyi ndipo wafika choonadi.

Muyenera pambali ndipo yang'anani pa zinthu mosiyana, kuyesa kubisa onse uthunthu wake.

luso kuoneratu

Luso kuzindikira angagwiritsidwe ntchito ponena za kuwerenga maganizo kuzindikira pankhani makhalidwe umunthu. Nthawi zambiri, masomphenya - kukhoza ingoganizani mlendo zimene lotengeka ndi zolinga zimene mungayembekezere kwa iye. Mokulira analosera za vutoli.

Sophisticate kovuta kuti anyenge kapena "wogwirizira". anthu amenewa timalephera, ndipo iwo ali bwino ntchito yawo osankhidwa a ntchito. Ndicho chifukwa pali zambiri atsogoleri amene amachititsa kuti anthu ena, akusonkhana momuzungulira Iye gulu la anzake ndi magulu kulenga.

Koma kuzindikira - izo ndi mphamvu kuti kuzipenya molondola, zindikirani ozungulira chofunika kwambiri, zimene si zoonekeratu, koma chinsinsi zinthu. Choncho, tingathe kukulitsa zonse kuphunzitsa mphamvu zanu chidwi. Chifukwa chaichi, njira yapadera ya maganizo, zomwe zilipo ngati n'koyenera.

Osiyana malangizo a zamaganizo , ndi kuzindikira mawu amene phindu kutanthauziridwa monga zounikira, njira mwachilengedwe kuti kuthetsa mavuto mu yotakata tanthauzo kuzindikira kapena kuzindikira. Mu malonda kuwerenga maganizo, pali ngakhale chiphunzitso cha "ogula kuzindikira". Mwina kutchuka kwa lingaliro ili azipereka kwa nzeru yeniyeni kumvetsetsa umunthu ndiponso kuti zinthu zizitiyendera bwino.