Anyani ndi munthu - kufanana ndi kusiyana. Mitundu ndi mbali ya anyani amakono kwambiri

Anyani (antropomorfidy, kapena hominoids) a superfamily wa anyani Old World. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, ndi mabanja awiri; hominids ndi anyani wamng'ono. Kumanga Old World anyani ofanana ndi anthu. kufanana ili la nyani anthu ndi zofunika, kuzipatsa amatchula taxon chomwecho.

kusanduka

Choyamba anyani anaonekera mu mochedwa Oligocene mu World Old. Inali miliyoni zaka makumi atatu zapitazo. A makolo wa anyani kwambiri wosazindikira kudziwika gibbonoobraznye anthu - propliopithecus, ku kotentha la Iguputo. Zili kwa iwo mopitirira anatuluka driopithecus, gibbons ndi pliopithecus. The Miocene chinachitika kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu chiwerengero ndipo zosiyanasiyana mitundu anyani ndiye alipo. M'nyengo amalembedwa yogwira resettlement driopithecus ndi hominoids ena pa dera la ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Mwa nyama Asian anali zofunika orangutans. Malinga ndi zamoyo wa munthu ndi anyani ogaŵikana makungwa ziwiri za miliyoni 8-6 zaka zapitazo.

malasha apeza

The wamkulu odziwika yotha ankaona rukvapiteki, kamoyapithecus, morotopithecus, limnopiteki, ugandapiteki ndi Ramapithecus. Akatswiri ena ali ndi maganizo kuti anyani zamakono - mbadwa parapithecus. Koma maganizo amenewa si zokwanira kulungamitsidwa chifukwa wosaperewera a zotsalira masika. Monga hominoid relict amatanthauza lanthano cholengedwa - ndi snowman.

Kufotokozera anyani

Anyani amakhala akuluakulu kuposa wa anyani anthu thupi. Old World anyani mulibe mchira, callosities ischial (pali ochepa gibbons okha), tsaya m'mapaketi. Mbali khalidwe la hominoids ndi njira zawo kuyenda. M'malo kusuntha malekezero onse a nthambi, iwo ikuyenda pansi nthambi makamaka manja. Njira imeneyi gulu lotchedwa brachiation. Anatengera ntchito chake chikwiyire ena kusintha anatomical: kwambiri manja kugawa nthawi yaitali, flattened bokosi malangizo zapambuyo-zapambuyo. anyani onse amatha kuima ndi miyendo yakumbuyo, motero yonena kutsogolo. Pakuti mitundu yonse ya hominoid amakhala ndi bwino anayamba nkhope, kuganiza ndi kutanthauzira.

Mosiyana ndi anyani anthu

Old World anyani ndi tsitsi zambiri, amene amafotokoza pafupifupi thupi lonse, kupatulapo m'madera ang'onoang'ono. Ngakhale kufanana kwa anthu ndi nyani mu dongosolo la mafupa, manja mwa anthu si bwino kukulitsa ndi zocheperapo kutalika. Pa miyendo chomwecho Old World anyani sakhala otukuka, zochepa ndi yankholi. Anyani mosavuta adutsa mitengo. anthu nthawi zambiri kupeta pa nthambi. Pa kuyenda, monga ulamuliro, iwo ntchito miyendo yonse. Anthu ena amakonda njira kusamukira "kuyenda makofi." Pankhaniyi, kulemera thupi kunditumiza ku zala, omwe anasonkhana ku nkhonya a. Kusiyana mwamuna ndi anyani chinaonekeranso pa mlingo wa nzeru. Ngakhale kuti mbalame Old World amaonedwa mwa anyani wanzeru kwambiri, zizoloŵezi kumvana si olemera monga anthu. Komabe, pafupifupi onse angathe kuphunzira.

malo

Anyani inkakhala m'nkhalango zotentha za Asia ndi Africa. Pakuti onse mitundu alipo Kanyaniko ankaikira malo awo ndi moyo. Anyani, mwachitsanzo, nyenyezi yaing'ono kuphatikizapo moyo pansi ndi mitengo. Izi oimira anyani ndi ofanana mu nkhalango African pafupifupi mitundu yonse ndi udzu lotseguka. Komabe, mitundu ina (bonobo, mwachitsanzo) zimapezeka kokha mwa kotentha chinyezi wa beseni ndi Congo. Chiyendayekha subspecies: kum'mawa ndi Nyani - zambiri wamba mu nkhalango chinyezi African, ndi akuluakulu a mitundu phiri nkhalango amakonda nyengo kotentha. anyani amenewa kawirikawiri kukwera mitengo kuyambira massiveness ake ndi ikuchitika pansi nthawi zonse. Nyani amakhala m'timagulu, chiwerengero cha mamembala zonse kusintha. Orangutans M'malo mwake, ndipo monga ulamuliro. Iwo padziko zithaphwi ndi nkhalango yonyowa, komanso kukwera mitengo, nthambi ikuyenda zambiri pang'onopang'ono koma mochenjera zokwanira. mikono yawo ndi yaitali - kufika akakolo.

malankhulidwe

Kuyambira kale, anthu akhala akuyesetsa kukumana ndi nyama. Asayansi ambiri nawo maphunziro ikupereka anthropoid anyani kulankhula. Komabe, ntchito sanapange zotsatira kuyembekezera. Anyani zitha kufalitsa phokoso munthu, pang'ono ofanana ndi mawu ndi mawu wonse ndi operewera kwambiri, makamaka poyerekeza ndi Chingolopiyo akulankhula. mfundo ndi yakuti mu M'mimbamo m'kamwa ndi kwina Old World anyani ena phokoso ikuyambitsa zinthu, logwirizana ndi matupi aumunthu. Ichi ndi chimene akufotokoza kulephera kwa anthu kukhala maluso a katchulidwe modulated phokoso. Mawu akuti maganizo adamkwata ndi anyani m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kuitana kwa chidwi - phokoso "angasunge", chilakolako mokhudza akuwonetseredwa chugging, Chiopsezo kapena mantha - ndi shrill, lakuthwa kufuula. munthu wina amaphunzira ndi maganizo ena, kuyang'ana pa mawu a mtima, mukutengera awa kapena zizindikiro zina. Popereka mauthenga iliyonse monga njira zoyambirira ndi nkhope mawu, manja, kaimidwe. Poganizira zimenezi, asayansi ayesapo kuyamba kulankhula kwa anyani ntchito chinenero chamanja, lomwe ntchito anthu ogontha. anyani Young amaphunzitsidwa zizindikiro mwamsanga mokwanira. Pambuyo mwachilungamo nthawi yochepa anthu anapeza mpata kuti alankhule ndi nyama.

amaonera kukongola

Ofufuza anati, wopanda kukhuta, kuti anyani kwambiri amakonda kujambula. Mu nkhani iyi, anyani adzachita mosamala zokwanira. Ngati mupereka nyani pepala, burashi ndi kujambula izo mu chifaniziro cha chinthu chilichonse, iye amayesera kuti tipite m'mphepete mwa chinsalu cha. Komanso, nyama anapambulwa mwaluso kwambiri pepala ndege mu magawo angapo. Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kupenta Kanyaniko mochititsa zazikulu, rhythmic, wodzazidwa ndi mogwirizana onse mu mtundu ndi mawonekedwe. Osati kamodzi wakwanitsa awonetsa ntchito nyama zisudzo luso. Akatswiri kuchititsa Kanyaniko ananena kuti anyaniwa ali ndi ganizo zokongoletsa, ngakhale zikuoneka mu mawonekedwe embryonic. Mwachitsanzo, kuonera nyama pa chifuniro, adawona munthu atakhala kumadzulo pa nsonga ya nkhalango ndi mesmerized kuonera atakalamba.