Kodi mawu akuti "analanda dziko"? The analanda dziko la Czechoslovakia. Analanda dziko - izo ....

Mawu akuti "analanda dziko" akutanthauza ngati olusa a dziko limodzi ndi mnzake, imene iwo zingagwirizanitse gawo. M'pofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa mfundo, pansi pa kuganizira liwu lina wamba - ntchito, zomwe zikusonyeza chiyembekezo chakuti la chilamulo amapereka gawo analandidwa.

zitsanzo analanda dziko

A chitsanzo chapadera ndi zochitika mu Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, umene unachitika pa analanda dziko - ndi likhale ndi Austria utakhala m'zaka za m'ma 19, mayiko amenewa, amene akanakhoza kokha zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi - ndi chifooke chikoka cha ulamuliro Austria kenako mudzabwere iwo ufulu ena malamulo (mwachitsanzo, adzabwerenso kumanja kuvala dzina kale ). Chitsanzo china - ndi analanda dziko US wa Hawaii. Tisaiwale chinthu choterocho, monga analanda dziko la Czechoslovakia ndi Germany kapena Russia a analanda dziko la Crimea. Mfundo imeneyi anatumikira chifukwa cha chikhalidwe zolusa la malamulo a dziko wamphamvu ndi nkhani boma, lomwe linali dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa ofooka.

Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa analanda dziko kwa Russia

Choncho, analanda dziko - kuti, malinga ndi malamulo adziko lonse lapansi, analanda dziko oletsedwa ndi kulanda anthu m'dera lina wina. Mu Russia, mfundo koyamba anakumana m'zaka za m'ma 19, ndipo izo zimatanthauza kujowina m'mphepete mwa munda m'dera lina. Si ngakhale yokhala ananena kuchita chokana mwiniwake woyamba wa gawo (mkhalidwe). Mau ofanana Mawu amenewa anali "analanda dziko" ndi "annektirovanie".

Analanda dziko - kuphwanyiratu ufulu?

Analanda dziko ndi kwadalako lamulo la padziko lonse. The invalidity za zipambano ngati dera lawo, ndizo zotsatira za zikamera analanda dziko, amasonyeza ena mapangano lonse ndi zochita. Mwachitsanzo, ichi ndi chiweruziro wa Nuremberg usilikali Khoti (1946), komanso UN, lomwe nthawi inadmissibility wa kulowelera mu zochitika mkati mwa mayiko, chilengezo kusonyeza mfundo za malamulo adziko lonse lapansi pa kuchuluka kwa mgwirizano ndi ubwenzi pakati States (1970). Pa inadmissibility analanda dziko ndi kunena kuchita wokambirana za chitetezo ndi mgwirizano wa Ulaya (Final Act).

Athandiza - concomitant Lingaliro

Annexations ndi indemnities - zambiri mfundo ziwiri izi mwatcheru kucheza ndi mzake. Choncho, liwu yachiwiri ikukhudza imposition milandu ena mu maiko wogonjetsedwa.

"Mtendere wopanda annexations ndi indemnities" anali akufuna mu 1918 pambuyo pankhondo yoyamba. Komabe, ponena Russia, boma ziletso sinali bwino za dziko, kuthetsedwa okha 1922. Motero, dzikoli zochokera mbiriyakale, sizingakhale. Yachokera pa tanthauzo la mawu, ndi analanda dziko - mtundu wa kupitiriza ntchito aukali, ngakhale monga mu nthawi ya zaka nkhondo.

Mfundo imene

Analanda dziko m'pofunika kusiyanitsa ntchito. Choncho, analanda dziko amatchedwa kuchita zinthu zina zimene salolera kusintha malamulo a m'gawo angaloledwe. Monga tanena chitsanzo angathe kutumikira Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, amene anali wotanganidwa mu Austria-Hungary ndipo linalanda yekha mu 1908. Isanafike nthawi imeneyi, boma yokhala a Ottoman.

VI Lenin analanda dziko

Ngakhale Lenin anapatsidwa tanthauzo la mfundo imeneyi. Malinga ndi iye, analanda dziko - ngati moumiriza kukhazikitsidwa, kuponderezana yachilendo m'kukoma kujowina m'gawo la wina.

Zotsatira zoipa indemnity

Izo kale ntchito chinthu choterocho monga chopereka kusonyeza zosonkhanitsira mokakamiza ndalama kapena katundu linalandidwa kuchokera kwa boma anagonjetsa pakutha pa nkhondoyi. Pa mtima wa indemnity zidayika chinthu choterocho ngati "lamanja la wopambanayo." Mfundo imeneyi imagwiranso kaya pamaso pa chilungamo khalidwe la nkhondo, boma wopambana. Kukula, mawonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha malipiro indemnity ofunitsitsa ndi wopambana pa. Mfundo imeneyi anayambitsa monga njira imene anthu ambiri a boma anagonjetsa kapena mzinda poyamba kugula kuchokera looting angathe.

History akupereka zitsanzo zomveka bwino za indemnity lapansi. Choncho, kwa osadziletsa zofunkha zoletsa anthu pansi nkhani ya Convention Hague mu 1907 zinali zochepa ndi kulipiritsa kukula. Komabe, pa nkhondo ziwiri zapadziko lonse nkhani amenewa m'malo mwamwano linaphwanya. Geneva Convention, potanthauza kuteteza anthu wamba mu 1949, kodi mulibe zokhazikitsa zopereka. Entente States mu ndondomeko ya kulenga Pangano la Versailles, analemba mu 1919, anali anakakamizika kusiya mtundu uwu ndalama, koma m'malo mwake reparations. Mu 1947, mapangano a mtendere kupereka mfundo za si ntchito indemnities. Mu malo ake, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, kubwera kukonza, M'MALO, kukonza ndi zina dziko zinthu udindo.

The analanda dziko la Czechoslovakia ndi Germany

Pofotokoza zimene zinachitika pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, tisaiwale kugwirizana Hitler kukwaniritsa zolinga izi. Choncho, ngati lamulo la West anakumbatira mawu ake kwambiri, kanthu yake chikanaletsa Hitler kale kwambiri. Koma mfundo - chinachake wosatsutsika. Choncho kugwiritsa ntchito analanda dziko la Sudetenland ndi Hitler, anaganiza pa ntchito ya lonse la Czechoslovakia. Chinthu Ichi chizathandiza mfundo German, kuwonjezera phindu la za cuma, tiwabwezere ndi geopolitical ubwino la kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, anathandiza khalidwe bwino ntchito asilikali Poland ndi Balkans.

Kuti adani a Czechoslovakia anali yopanda magazi, kunali koyenera kusokoneza statehood Czechoslovak. Hitler mobwerezabwereza anapanga maneno za kupewa nkhondo European. Komabe, pambuyo zochitika Munich, wandale German anayamba kuzindikira kuti mavuto wotsatira likhoza kutha mu nkhondo. Pankhaniyi, aliyense "kukopana" ndi London anataya tanthauzo lake.

Mwa zoyesayesa atsopano pa zokambirana - kusaina pangano 1938 ndi France, amene anatsimikizira inviolability a kumalire ziwalo. Zinali ngati enaake ku Munich Anglo-German Declaration, kuti aziphunzitsa bata mwachidule mu Germany ndi kumadzulo pambali. Ndi mgwirizano Paris amalembedwa malo anasonyeza siteji koyamba za gawo zatsopano zokambirana European.

Hitler Komabe, kwathunthu wotanganidwa Czechoslovakia. Iwo anali kuyendetsedwa ndi Germany Odzipatula provocations. Boma Prague zoyesayesa otsiriza kupulumutsa zatsalira boma unatengedwa. Choncho, iwo inasokonekera Slovak ndi Rusyn (Transcarpathia) boma, komanso malamulo achisilikali m'dera la Slovakia. Zimenezi kwathunthu zigwirizane Hitler m'deralo. Choncho, mu 1939 atsogoleri Slovak Catholic (Jozef Tiso ndi Ferdinand Durkansky) anawapempha kuti Berlin, kumene anasaina zikalata akonzekera, zimene analengeza ufulu wa Slovakia. Pa nthawi yomweyo Ulamuliro wa Nazi akuyitana kutenga boma latsopano kukuteteza ake. Choncho, anali wopereka analanda dziko la Czechoslovakia ndi Germany.