Kodi ndi masomphenya, ndi ntchito zake ndi udindo wa m'kachisi kodi?

Mu anthu nkhani ano, amene maweruzo amaonedwa vumbulutso ndi choonadi wosasintha, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa masomphenya ndi. Mawuwo ali wakale ndi kunayamba zikhulupiriro zakale. Mu animism ankaganiza kuti milungu imakuuzani wawo masamba kaphokoso wa mtengo wopatulika, ndege ya mbalame, njira utsi wochokera zopereka. Kenako zikhulupiriro asintha pang'ono. Kumvetsa kwa milungu, iye ankafuna wotanthauzira wapadera, mtundu wa womasulira. Iwo ndipo anali ndi masomphenya. Chikhulupiriro chakuti dziko mzimu ndi mu zenizeni yomweyi, ndi anthu ochepa okha ndi amene amatha kulankhula ndi zomwe Mulungu akunena, Pali anthu ambiri. Koma kodi Pythia ndi Sibyl? Ndipotu, nawonso, akhoza kuneneratu za m'tsogolo, mafunso anthu popereka mayankho milungu.

The etymology akuti

Yankho la funso zimene masomphenya, koma sanam'peze mu Baibulo la Chilatini, ndi Chigiriki. Kungakhale kulakwa kunena kuti mawu otanthauza Ansembe ndi Cultist yosavuta. Ngakhale kuti "oro" anawamasulira kuchokera Latin monga "kupemphera," masomphenya - poyamba chodabwitsa Greek. N'chifukwa chake munthu ayenera zichokera mawu «oραo», kutanthauza "Ndiona mlandu." Mwanjira imeneyi, maneno sanali pafupi ansembe, kapena ansembe, ndi Asilavo Amagi, völva druids German kapena Acelt. Mu zakale, mawu otchedwa yokha kutanthauzira kwa chifuniro cha milungu, ndi malo opatulika, komwe adalandira. Inde, masomphenya anali wansembe, ndipo okha wapadera. Sanangowamvera analemekeza mulungu winawake, ndipo anazindikira chinenero, akhoza kuyankhula kwa iye. Nthawi zina mizimu analosera tsogolo pogwiritsa ntchito anthu olankhula - pythonesses. akazi awa analowa mu chizimbwizimbwi mchikakamizo cha utsi mankhwala, nayamba mumble chinachake incoherent. Oracle Pythia anamasulira mawu ndipo anapereka wofunsayu munthu anakhumba ayankhe.

Magwero a mpatuko wa

Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti mwambo wa ula za m'tsogolo anadza kwa Greece ku Asia Minor. Ku Asuri ndi Ancient Egypt (mumzinda wa Buto), panali malo kumene ansembewo wapadera "analankhula za izo mkamwa mwa Mulungu." Mu Greece, monga gulu la mpatuko uwu wothira kulambira mulungu wa dziko Gaia, ndi masomphenya oyamba kwambiri analengeza chifuniro chake mu Epirus, mu Dodona. Malinga ndi umboni wa wotchuka mbiri wakale Greek Herodotus, m'dziko lake komanso anansi awo lakutali tikudziwa chomwe masomphenya. Iye analemba kuti Mfumu Lidii Krez anaganiza kulengeza ngati "akuponya" kwa Yehova Mulungu yabwino. Iye anatumiza mithenga kwa Delphi Greek mu Aba, mu Dodona, mu Amphiaraus, Trefoniyu ndi Mileto. Izi "Nkhondo ya amizimu," anapambana ... Pythia wa Delphi. Iye anaganiza kuti Kroes ati kuphika mphika wa nkhosa ndi fulu.

Pythian Apollo ndi Delphic masomphenya: ndichiyani?

Ambiri mwa akachisi a wakale dziko ansembe anaphunzira chokomera kapena maganizo oipa a milungu kudzera kutanthauzira zizindikiro, iwo wotumidwa. Kumeneku ndiko Mantica. Makamaka ambiri anali mu Roma. Augurs anaonera ndege ndi khalidwe la mbalame, ndi cha Bachelor kungoganizira zam'mimba za nyama zimene anali kupereka nsembe. Mu mzinda Greek wa Delphi ankachita mpatuko mwapadera. Iye akhapidziwa kuti malo amenewa Apollo speared njoka Python. Kuyambira amathamangira nkhonya pansi anapanga phompho kumene nthunzi likutuluka. Kenako kachisi anamangidwa pamwamba kumene Pythia anakhala pa miyendo itatu ndi. Iye anauziramo mu nthunzi ndipo, ndi ankathawa chizimbwizimbwi ichi, analosera chifuniro cha Apollo. Palibe amene analowa kuchipinda, kupatula wansembe wapadera. Apa zimaonekeratu zimene masomphenya. Mayankho amene anapereka zopereka kubweretsa wokhulupirika, anali osamveka ndipo nthawizina ali maganizo kosiyana. Akatswiriwa anapeza mapale ambirimbiri ndi mafunso a amwendamnjira. Mndandanda wa nkhani imene chidwi anali yopapatiza chimodzi: kusintha ngati mkazi / mwamuna ndi ngati kulowa ina ndikupeleka ndalama.

Pythia

Mkazi uyu alibe kukhala namwali, mu utumiki nthawi Apollo, anakakamizika wodzisunga. Poyamba, monga wansembe analosera yekha kamodzi pachaka - pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri February. Koma nthawi imene okhulupirika sankakhulupirira linagawidwa, izo ziikidwa pa conveyor lapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa kachisi ku Delphi anali akazi angapo ntchito mosinthana. Iwo amakhala ali ndi malo pa miyendo itatu pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri la mwezi uliwonse. Ulemerero wamkulu wa Delphi anafika mu BC V m'ma Mabuku a nthawi ananena momveka bwino kuti masomphenya awa: ndi malo opatulika a Apollo pa gwero la Nzeru Castalia. Mwa njira, Pythia ananeneratu ndi kulowa dzuwa malo awa. Mu 393, Mfumu Theodosius, monga Mkhristu, analamula kutsekedwa kwa chitetezo cha chikunja.

Mumakonda

Anthu mosavuta, wopanda ndalama kwa wopita ku Delphi kapena malo ena maula, olosera anatembenukira kwa - iyeyu. Mkazi woyamba, amene anavala dzina Trojan Women anali mwana wa Nese ndi Dardanus. Iye anali chabe presage m'tsogolo. Anamutsatira iye ndipo ena anayamba kuitana aneneri iyeyu. iwo anali amadera nkhawa kwambiri kuyandikira vuto. Choncho, iyeyu analosera kuphulika kwa Phiri Vesuvius m'manda Pompeii, ndipo analosera za kuwonongedwa kwa Troy, malo a nkhondo, yomwe zotsatira Greece adzautaya ufulu wodzilamulira. Tsopano ife tikudziwa chomwe masomphenya, amene Pythia, ndi amene - iyeyu, ndi kuona kusiyana mitundu zitatu matsenga. Pythia analosera chinachake unintelligible, anali ndi ufulu kumasulira masomphenya anamva mmene akufunira, ndi kulanda ayankhe mafunso. Iyeyu anasonyezanso ambiri ngoziyo kuyandikira, koma aliyense ankafuna kuti mumvetsere kwa iye. Imene analipira: "Tsiku likudza, ndipo adzafa Troy kwambiri!"