Kodi ngongole ndi ziti? Khlestakovshchina ndi ...

Sizingakhale zophweka kuti awerengenso ntchito zolemba za Russian zolembapo ndikuyang'ana mwatsopano zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikudziwika bwino. Mwinamwake ife tinasowa chinthu china chofunikira pa msonkhano woyamba?

Werenganinso zamakono

Wosangalatsa wa Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol "Woyang'anira Bungwe Lalikulu" adaperekedwa kwa anthu ku 1836 kutali. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri adutsa ndipo nthawi zambiri zochitika zakale zasintha. Koma zochitika ndi zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu ntchitoyi sizinawonongeke kulikonse. Monga pali chodabwitsa chotero monga ukapolo, chikhalidwe chodabwitsa cha moyo, pamene kusagwirizana kumakhala ndi nthawi yomwe nyenyezi imapatsidwa mwachiwonongeko. Ndipo amasangalala ndi chimwemwe chosayembekezereka. Gogol amakondabe akadali ofunika. Ndipo osati chifukwa chakuti ana a sukulu amaperekedwa chaka chilichonse kuti alembe zolemba pa mutu wakuti "Kodi kleshakshchina ndi chiyani?" "Woyezetsa" ali ndi yankho la funso ili. Koma kuyesa kosavuta kuti awerengenso ntchito yotchukayi kuchokera ku sukuluyi mosakayikira kumabweretsa kufunsa ngati zaka zonsezi, chirichonse mu Russia chasintha kupatulapo mayina a malo ovomerezeka. Inde, zasintha. Kalasi ya boma la Russia yakula maulendo ambiri, ndipo ubwino wake uli bwino. Akuluakulu a boma anadalira kwambiri kuti sanamvere. Ndipo lero iwo amalandira ziphuphu osati ndi ana a greyhound okha.

Komedwe iyi inapangidwa bwanji?

Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti mapangidwe a ntchitoyi adaperekedwa kwa Gogol Pushkin. Koma pamasewero omwewo "The Inspector General" palibe chinthu chapadera. Zomangamanga zoterezi, zogwirizana ndi kuti munthu akulakwitsa zomwe iye sali kwenikweni, ndizokwanira pazinthu zapadziko lapansi. Koma pokasamutsidwa ku zenizeni za Ufumu wa Russia, zofuna zoterezi sizingatheke koma zimakhudza maziko a maziko omwe alipo kale mmenemo. Akatswiri amachitira umboni kuti maganizo a Inspector General adakwera ku Pushkin, pamene adadutsa m'chigawo cha Orenburg, akusonkhanitsa zipangizo zowonongeka kwa Emelian Pugachov. Akuluakulu ena a boma adalandira wolemba ndakatuloyo ngati woyang'anira ku likulu, akuyendayenda pokhapokha kuti adziwe zomwe zinawaletsa. Pushkin sanali kuthamanga nkomwe kuti awatsutse mu zolakwika izi.

Ndivomerezedwa kwambiri

Onse omwe anali nawo mbali pakupanga comedy iyi, sakanatha kulephera kuzindikira kuti tsogolo lake lidzakhala losavuta. Popeza kunali kosatheka kuti azindikire kuti kukwapula kumeneko kunali, kuphatikizapo, kunyansidwa ndi makina ovomerezeka a boma. Kupanga seweroli pamasitepe kunachitika pokhapokha Vasily Zhukovsky apempha yekha kwa Mfumu ya Emperor. Wolemba ndakatuloyu anatha kutsimikizira Nicholas I kuti comedy sichigwirizana ndi maziko a boma, koma amangodonza akuluakulu a boma omwe akuwakwiyitsa. Emperor analola kuti atsimikizidwe kuti kusagwirizana koteroko sikungabweretse chirichonse ku kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kupatula phindu. Koma pamaso pa omvera ntchitoyo inawoneka mu mawonekedwe ochepa.

Protagonist

Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, msilikali wochokera ku St. Petersburg, mwa kufuna kwake mwangozi anakhala munthu wofunika kwambiri. Inde, mumtima mwake mumtima, amadziwa kuti pali chinachake cholakwika apa, ndipo mwina amasokonezeka ndi wina ... Koma zimakhala zotani pamene aliyense woyandikana naye adayimitsidwa ndi chisanu ndi mantha? Ndipo mlembi wochepa wochokera ku ofesi ya mzindawo akufufuma, monga phula la sopo, mpaka kukula kwake kodabwitsa. Chotsatira chake, owerenga ndi owona amaperekedwa ndi yankho lodziwika ku funso loti Khlestakovism ndi chiyani. Izi zotsutsana ndi zotsutsana, zidakwaniritsidwa pachimake mukumvetsetsa kwake. Koma Ivan Alexandrovich ali ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsira, ndipo amalowa mu udindo wa munthu wofunikira, kuti amakhulupirira kale kuti anali pamwamba osati mwadzidzidzi. Kodi ngongole ndi ziti? Chodabwitsa ichi ndikutayika kwa gombe ndikusiyana ndi zenizeni. Koma panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi wokonzeka kuzindikira kuti paliponse phokoso lamwano ngati munthu wofunikira.

Momwemo

Kuphweka kuposa chirichonse mu comedy chimatsutsa za iye mwini khalidwe lofunika. Amachita ndi kudzidalira ndi kudzoza. Mpaka pomwe iye mwini amakhulupirira zopanda pake, zomwe zimabweretsa akuluakulu oopa. Kusagwirizana kunamveka mphamvu yake pa omvetsera komanso pamaganizo ake omwe amawonekera momveka bwino. Khlestakov sali ndi talentless nthawi zonse pamene akukamba za tanthauzo lophiphiritsira ndi ukulu wa munthu wake. Kotero, pakati pazinthu zina, Khlestakov nayenso ndizolemba zolemba ndakatulo. Popanda kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kulimbika mtima, wopanga sakanakhalapo. Cholinga chonse cha chiwonetsero cha Gogol chimadalira kuti pang'onopang'ono malo opanda mphamvu ndi anthu omwe ali nawo chidwi adasonkhana pamodzi. Ndipo adapeza kumvetsetsa kwathunthu.

Anthu okhala m'tawuni ya dera

Koma osachepetsedwa ndi Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, akuluakulu a tauni tawuniyi, ovala ulamuliro, akusangalatsanso. Kwenikweni kwa iwo, mophiphiritsira, "manyazi mu mfuti". Onsewa ali ndi zifukwa zomveka zoyenera kuwonetsa maonekedwe a "woyang'anira" wodabwitsa m'mudzi wawo. Palibe yankho la funso la Khlestakovism, kosatheka popanda boma lamtunduwu. Popanda iwo, chodabwitsa ichi sichikanakhoza kuchitika, ndipo kanthu kakang'ono sikanakhoza kuwapitirira pamwamba pa ulemerero ndi kupambana. Oyang'anira mumzinda ndi amalonda, omwe amapereka ziphuphu ndi zopereka kwa iye, ndizosautsa kuposa "woyang'anira" mwiniwake. Mkazi ndi mwana wamkazi wa bwanamkubwa akuyimiridwa ndi chidziwitso chapaderadera kusewera. Anna Andreevna ndi Marya Antonovna amapikisana kuti azisamalira anthu omwe akubwera. Sasowa kunyengedwa, amasangalala kunyengedwa.

"Bwanamkubwa ndi wopusa, ngati bwana wong'amba ..."

Homerically wonyenga ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo wowawasa chiwerengero ndi woyamba oyang'anira nkhope ya m'chigawo tawuni Anton Antonovich Svoznik-Dmukhanovsky. Izi zilibe kanthu kuti sizongokhala zopusa kunena kuti chinenero sichimasintha. M'malo mwake, iye ndi wanzeru kwambiri ndipo wawerengera zonse pasadakhale. Iye ali ndi zinthu zonse zolamulidwa, kuzindikira ndi kugonjetsa bwino zomangamanga bwino, adadziwitsidwa za momwe woyang'anira incognito akuyendera mzindawo nthawi yayitali asanayambe ulendo ndipo ali ndi mwayi wokonzekera chochitikachi. Iye anali kulakwitsa, monga sapper, kamodzi kokha. Ndipo vuto ili lapereka mibadwo ingapo ya ana a sukulu a ku Russia ndi matikiti oyeza pa nkhani "Wofufuza, Khlestakov ndi Khlestakovschina." Zowonjezera kuti ku Anton Antonovich, abwanamkubwa ena a boma anadzidzimva okha ndipo mwa njira iliyonse yothetsera zovuta za Gogol wotsogolera Wamkulu mu mizinda yawo. Iwo anali ndi zifukwa zonse za izi. Pafupi chirichonse chinkaoneka ngati, mpaka pazing'ono zazing'ono tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zochitika mwadzidzidzi mwa mayina ndi mayina awo.

Chiwonetsero chopanda manyazi

Kuwonekera modzichepetsa poyera kumaliza ntchito ya Gogol The Inspector-General. Khlestakov ndi Khlestakov adakondwerera chigonjetso, ndipo akuluakulu onse a azzyd anakhalabe opusa. Zikuwoneka kuti sizingatheke. Koma chirichonse chikanakhala monga mwachizolowezi, musati mulakwitse meya za mlendo wosamvetsetseka mu hotelo ya mzindawo. Kodi ntchitoyi inalephera kuti? Kodi ndizosavuta kapena zachibadwa? Kodi zinatheka bwanji kuti cholengedwa chosafunika chonchi chikondwerere chipambano chake ndipo chinasiya zida zolemera mwatsatanetsatane, pamene gulu lalikulu la anthu opondereza kwambiri lidazizira kwambiri, osakhoza kumvetsa kukula kwa masoka omwe adawagwera? Mafunso awa sakhala opanda yankho. Munthu akhoza kukayikira kuti Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov adzakumbukira ndi chisangalalo ndi ulendo wodabwitsa uwu, ndi tawuni yaing'onoyi, kumene tsoka linafika kumapeto kwa masiku ake. Izi zinali, ndithudi, nthawi zabwino kwambiri pamoyo wake.

Kusinkhasinkha

Kodi Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol adafuna kutiuza chiyani za comedy yake? Khlestakov ndi Khlestakovism ngati chodabwitsa chikuyenera kutanthauzira mosiyana motsatira zochitika zomwe wolemba analemba. Zimatheka bwanji kuti chiwerengero choterocho, poyamba, sizithunthu anthu opusa amayamba kugwidwa ndi kanthu kena kalikonse? Khlestakovshchina - ndizochitika kokha ku Russia? Kapena kodi idaphuka kwambiri ku Russia chifukwa cha nyengo yabwino? Koma kuganizira mozama za zandale zamakono zimathandiza kuti awonetsetse kuti a Khlestakovschina nthawi zambiri amagonjetsedwa ndi atsogoleri ambiri a ndale komanso ogwira ntchito. Kuti muwone ichi, tangolani TV. Ndipo zosangalatsa zambiri kuposa ndale, zinthu ziri mu zomwe zimatanthauzira tanthauzo losavuta la "kusonyeza bizinesi." Khlestakov wa Gogol akanakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri.