Kodi nyimbo m'mbiri? Mbiri Songs: kalasi 8. Mbiri Song: Tanthauzo

Ancient Lazaro ... kutseka maso anu, ndipo zikuoneka chithunzi limeneli la wachikulire - ndi owerenga ndi zeze kumbuyo kupita patali mu homespun malaya aatali, belted unatengera chingwe, pafupi naye mnyamata - kalozera. mphepo youma rustles nthenga, ndipo iwo akusunthira kudutsa steppe ndi kwa kumuwombera, amene adzakhala kutsogolo kwa otchuka phokoso zimandilimbikitsa ndakatulo, ndi solos zotsatira, nalemekeza ngwazi zamphamvu, kuukitsa kumenyana mzimu ... Ndiyeno kupita patsogolo, kufalitsa uthenga wa ukulu wa asilikali zochitika zokometsera wa dziko mbadwa . Ndipo komabe - Ilya Muromets kuti BOGATYRSKY atatu mtundu kavalo, ataima ngati thanthwe ndi adani a Dziko Russian. Limodzi ndi rati ambiri ndi nsikidzi monga Nightingale ndi wakuba, mafano, Tugarin ...

Mbiri Songs: kalasi 8

nkhaniyi zili m'gulu la pulogalamu ya sukulu mu "Zothandizira" kwa kalasi 8. Choncho, buku lino udzakhala lipindulitsa pa ana asukulu ndi aphunzitsi. The mfundo zikuluzikulu kuti ayankhidwa m'nkhani iyi:

1. magwero a mbiri ya nyimbo: yadzaoneni.
2. Kodi nyimbo zakale.
3. Polemba chinenero chilichonse ndi mbali. Mosiyana ndi nyimbo ya yadzaoneni.
4. The malumikizanidwe ya njira zakale ndipo zili nyimbo.
5. Main m'zinthu.

Bylina - wotsogolera wa mbiri nyimbo

Winawake anafunsa anadabwa: "Uli epic, chifukwa nkhani imene nyimbo m'mbiri?". Yankho lake ndi losavuta: ndi epic, ndi melodiousness awo, wapadera prosody otchedwa epic, iwo, zodabwitsa, m'nthano, zinkayembekezera chitukuko cha mtundu kenako luso wowerengeka - mbiri nyimbo. Ali kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mawonekedwe a ndakatulo, kapangidwe ndi solos ndi obwerezabwereza, makamaka mabaibulo oyambirira a nyimbo, ndipo a mndandanda chomwecho mabuku - kwa m'kamwa wowerengeka luso. N'chifukwa chiyani iwo anawagawa Mitundu iwiri yosiyana? Tikukupemphani pa phunziro pafupifupi "Historical nyimbo: Origins ndi Development", yesetsani kumvetsa pamodzi.

tanthauzo

Kodi nyimbo m'mbiri? Khama la zotsatirazi: m'kamwa lyric ndi epic wowerengeka nyimbo wodzipereka kwa zochitika m'mbiri. Poyerekeza ndi epics iwo ali ang'onoang'ono. Mosiyana bylinas mosatsata mchitidwe mythologization otchulidwa zithunzi. Koma mu nthawi za mtundu wawo ndi chitukuko cha mtundu wanyimbo awa awiri adayitana yemweyo: "masiku akale". Woyamba deti mbiri kuyambira nyimbo za zoyambirira za m'ma XIV. Oyambirira nyimbo za nkhondo ya ku Mongolia ku Russia ndi kupondereza anthu amene analenga agonjetsi. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani za Chitata ukapolo ku "Avdotya-Ryazanochke".

mbali mtundu wanyimbo

Kodi nyimbo mabuku wotchuka - tanthauzo, Zatsala makonzedwe: philologists akadali mtsutso ngati awa ntchito za wowerengeka luso osiyana mtundu wanyimbo. Pali pakati pa akatswiri amene akhulupirira kuti mbiri nyimbo ndi a Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ntchito, ogwirizana ndi mutu umodzi. Osanyengelera A kumatanthauza motere: ndi mtundu wanyimbo limodzi ndi magulu osiyana a nyimbo, si ofanana ndi mnzake mu dongosolo. Ndipotu, zayambika pa kutalika kwa nthawi ya zaka zinayi: kuchokera XIV ya m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Choncho, mbiri yakale songs, tsopano amatchedwa "oyambirira nyimbo" ali kwenikweni osiyana chakuti mawu m'zaka za m'ma XIX pa mutu ndi maonekedwe.

zaka XIV-XV

The kutsogolera, adzatumikira kuti mbiri chitukuko cha nyimbo mtundu wanyimbo, anali kuyima Lazaro magulu a wongosamukasamuka ndi zovuta m'goli la alendo, amene anamupha, kuberedwa, anayendetsa anthu mu ukapolo.

Adalenga nyimbo "Dudentevich kudina," amene anauza cha zipolowe anthu okhala ku Tver Chitata Chol Khan ndi khamu lake, ndi mkombero wa adani a Khan Batu Ryazan.

XVI m'ma

Nthawi imeneyi, nyimbo zakale anakhala mtundu wanyimbo lalikulu nyimbo. Kumbukirani powonekera ku sewero lanthabwala "Ivan Vasilyevich Kusintha Occupation"? Oimba, kuimba za "galu - Crimea Khan" pa phwando - ndi chinthu wamba pa nthawi, ndi nyimbo iyi - kwenikweni alipo ntchito amapilira "osati amphamvu zatuchilas mtambo", amene amasimba za Chitata anawazunza ndi Nkhondo ya Mlodyah.

Mapangidwe achinyamata, boma centralized, kwabasi Tsar Ivan m'khutu, ntchito yake: vutoli mayiko ndi lowopsya, wankhanza mkati, anagonjetsa Siberia ndi Ermak - izi ndi zimene anthu ndiye anaimba.

M'zinthu za mbiri nyimbo ya XVI m'ma: "The adani a Kazan", "za kuphedwa kwa Tsarevich Ivanom Groznym", "About Ermak"

XVII m'zaka

Chiyambi cha XVII atumwi mbiri wotchedwa "Nthawi ya Mavuto." Panthawi imeneyi mbiri Russian pali zinthu zoipa: Poland pomenyana Russia, Ivan Grozny anafa, akuyamba nkhondo ufumu Russian, pali bwinobwino onyenga. Wotchuka wa iwo - Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry, Gregory Otrepyev. Pamwamba zonse pali mphamvu otchuka kugalukira, lotsogoledwa ndi Razin.

Mbiri nyimbo nthawi imeneyi ngati galasi amasonyeza vicissitudes onse a mbiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba anthu kuyimba kumasulidwa ku mphamvu ya mfumu wosalungama, analiza chiyembekezo cha tsogolo labwino. Iye anapanga mkombero wa nyimbo za Razin.

Komanso, nyimbo ndi yaikulu ya chitetezo cha kumalire a kum'mwera kwa Russia kuchokera janissaries ndi Tartars: "Azov mkaidi", "Kuphonya wa Cossacks." Iwo amakweza ungwazi anthu wamba amene analimbana ndi "adani a dziko Russian": nyimbo ya Minin ndi Pozharsky.

XVIII m'ma

Mu Russia, ndi VIII m'ma kusintha kwa Peter Ine zasintha njira ya moyo ya anthu ambiri. Osokoneza maganizo a anthu kuti zimene zikuchitika m'dzikoli: oyamba miyambo European, osakhoza ndi mlendo, kumawonjezera katundu pa anthu wamba, amene massively kutumizidwa kukagwira ntchito pa doko la zombo zapanyanja ndi kumanga kumpoto Venice, nkhani acikhulupiliro tikuuzidwa mwankhanza kubisa kuyesa kulera kupanduka: womvetsa chisoni tsoka la oponya mivi opanduka. Koma nthawi yomweyo pali anthu ku kalasi losavuta amene anakhala mfumu ya zoyerekeza, "kumenya mu dziko." boma Russian Chimakula mu ufumu Russian ndi kukhala amphamvu dziko, wokhoza kuti aimirire. Pambuyo pake, mndandanda wa coups yachifumu, iwo amayamba nyengo wanzeru wa Catherine, mu ulamuliro umene anathyola wamba nkhondo kutsogoleredwa ndi Pugachev.

Choncho, izi zonse zimaonekera mu mbiri nyimbo. Makamaka nyimbo zotchuka "O mfumu, Peter." N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Petulo Ine kulemba nkhani.

Mantha ya Alimi 'nkhondo zinachititsa nyimbo mkombero za Emelyanov Pugachev.

Bright Star asilikali Suvorov ankagwira ntchito chilengedwe cha nthano zambiri ndi nyimbo za mkulu uyu. Iwo anakhala wotchuka nyimbo ya asilikali, olimba awo.

XIX atumwi

Panali nthawi imene nyimbo mbiri anthu anapeza udindo "lakale". Panthawi imeneyi, rehash akale nyimbo zatsopano. Opezeka pa ntchito yatsopano anawonjezera Chirasha Persian (1804-1813), World (1812), Chirasha Turkey (1828-1829) nkhondo. Nyimbo nthawi imeneyi imachitika atsogoleri oterewa nkhondo monga Kutuzov, Nakhimov, Platov.

Komabe, mu XIX atumwi akale Russian epic anayamba mwakhama kulemba ndi kuphunzira asayansi-folklorists, panali mtima kuti nyimbo zakale, ndi gulu ndi mutu. Pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi, chifukwa cha khama la Miller ndi kafukufuku wokonda za Academy of Sciences, anaona woyamba nyimbo zosonkhanitsira, amene ntchito za 16-17 atumwi.

Udindo wa mbiri nyimbo chikhalidwe

Yadzaoneni Heritage Russia, makamaka mbiri songs, nkhokwe yaikulu ya chikhalidwe zakwawoko. Choyamba, ali ndi moyo weniweni wa anthu, ndipo ndikofunika kusunga chikumbukiro mizu. Kachiwiri, nyimbo ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa olemba mbiri ndi philologists monga kuthandiza bwino amaimira zochitika zakale, kuti tipeze zomwe kakusintha Chirasha kwa zaka mazana ambiri, kufufuza wakale chidule.

Pomaliza

Pakuti mayamwidwe bwino zambiri za mfundo zolembalemba "History Song" kalasi 8 chiperekedwe kwa kubwerezabwereza anaphunzira mbiri kalasi. The zosinthika abwino a maphunziro pa nkhani - Integrated Tikuphunzira "Literature - History", "Literature -. Nyimbo"