Zochitika maginito. zochitika maginito mu chikhalidwe

Mogwirizana maginito ya zinthu - mmodzi wa njira zimene zimachititsa kuti ayang'anire pyonsene nkati mwa dziko. Looneka mawonetseredwe ake - ndi zochitika maginito. Ena mwa iwo ndi kumpoto Kuwala, kukopa maginito, mikuntho ya maginito, ndi zina zotero. D. Kodi iwo ati? Kodi yodziwika?

nyese

Zotsatira maginito ndi katundu pamodzi amatchedwa nyese. moyo wawo wakhala kudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali. Amaganiza kuti kwa zaka zikwi zinayi zapitazo, Chinese kuti ntchito zimene ankadziwazo kulenga kampasi panyanja mu yokopa panyanja. Kuchititsa zatsopano ndi kwambiri kuphunzira thupi maginito chodabwitsa linayamba m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Mmodzi wa ofufuza poyamba m'munda umenewu akuti ndi Hans Oersted.

zochitika maginito angayambe onse mu mlengalenga ndi pa dziko lapansi, ndipo amaoneka okha mpaka mphamvu ya maginito. minda amenewa chichokera milandu magetsi. Pamene milandu akadali padziko iwo ndi minda magetsi. Pamene iwo kusuntha - ndi maginito.

Ndiye kuti, ndi maginito chodabwitsa amapezeka ndi maonekedwe a magetsi kapena alternating munda magetsi. Izi ndi dera la malo mwa zomwe mphamvu okhudza maginito ndi ochititsa maginito. Iwo ali malangizo ake, ndi amachepetsa monga mtunda kuchokera kumene udachokera - kondakitala.

maginito

thupi padziko limene maginito amatchedwa maginito. Zazing'ono izi ndi elekitironi. Kukopa kwa maginito ya - wotchuka kwambiri zachilengedwe maginito zochitika: akaika maginito ziwiri pamodzi, mwina kukopeka kapena kuopsedwa. nkhani zonse malo awo wachibale wina ndi mzake. Aliyense maginito ali mitengo iwiri: kumpoto ndi kum'mwera.

Ngati mizati amawateteza mosiyana ndi anthu M'malo mwake, amakonda. Ngati inu kudula pakati kumpoto ndi mizati South sanasiyane. Chifukwa, ife tikufika maginito awiri, omwe kudzakhala mizati iwiri.

Pali zipangizo kuti ndi katundu maginito. Zikuphatikizapo chitsulo, cobalt, faifi tambala, zitsulo, etc. Ena mwa iwo ndi madzi, kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi mankhwala. Ngati maginito kugwira maginito pafupi, iwo ndi iwo adzakhala.

Zinthu monga chitsulo woyera, osavuta kupeza chuma zimenezi, koma mofulumira azikhululukidwa. Other (mwachitsanzo, zitsulo) ali nyese yaitali, koma kusunga zotsatira nthawi yaitali.

magnetization

Tapeza kuti maginito ikutuluka chisonyezo cha particles mlandu. Koma kodi gulu akhoza kukhala funso Mwachitsanzo, chidutswa cha chitsulo ikulendewera pa firiji? zinthu zonse zimakhala ndi ma atomu, ndi zimene particles ikuyenda.

Aliyense atomu ali mwini maginito ake. Koma ena zipangizo, minda izi akuuzidwa mosintha mu madera osiyana. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuzungulira iwo alibe kulenga gawo lalikulu. Zinthu zimenezi sangathe kukhala a nyese.

Mu zipangizo zina (chitsulo, cobalt, faifi tambala, zitsulo) maatomu akhoza kumangidwa kotero kuti iwo onse adzakhala ndi zolinga zofanana. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anapanga padziko okwana maginito ndi thupi maginito.

Likukhalira, ndi magnetization za thupi - ichi inalamula wa m'minda ya maatomu wake. Kuphwanya dongosolo ili ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti kumumenya nyundo. Minda maatomu kuyamba kuyenda mwachisawawa ndi kutaya katundu maginito. Chomwecho chikuchitika ngati chuma usavutike.

maginito kupatsidwa ulemu

zochitika maginito kugwirizana ndi kusuntha milandu. Choncho, kuzungulira wochititsa ndi magetsi ya maginito kwenikweni kumachitika. Koma kodi njira zina padziko? Funso limeneli kamodzi anafunsa English sayansi Maykl Faradey napeza chodabwitsa kupatsidwa ulemu maginito.

Anapeza kuti munda zonse zingachititse ndi magetsi, ndipo AC - akhoza. Current amapezeka mu dera chatsekedwa ndi maginito amatchedwa kupatsidwa ulemu. Mphamvu electromotive Choncho zimasiyana malinga ndi mathamangidwe munda umene wafala dera.

Oyamba Faraday anali yojambula weniweni ndi kwathandiza ambiri opanga zomangamanga magetsi. Uyamiko kwa Iye, kunakhala kotheka kuti alandire panopa ku mphamvu mawotchi. Act outputted asayansi anapempha ndi ntchito chipangizo cha Motors magetsi, osiyanasiyana magudumu, tiransifoma, etc.

Munda Dziko Lapansi maginito

Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn ndi Uranus ali ndi maginito. lathuli - yotero. Mu moyo wamba ife nkomwe mungazindikire. Si chogwirika, alibe kukoma kapena fungo. Koma amagwirizana ndi chododometsa maginito m'chilengedwe. Monga Aurora, mikuntho maginito kapena nyama magnetoreception.

Ndipotu Lapansi ndi waukulu, koma osati amphamvu kwambiri maginito, amene ali mitengo iwiri sizigwirizana ndi dera. mizere maginito akutuluka kummwera kwa dzikoli ndipo ndinu gawo la North. Izi zikutanthauza kuti (kummwera akusonyeza chifukwa West mu buluu - S, ndi wofiira amasonyeza kumpoto mtengo - N) kwenikweni kummwera kwa Dziko ndi kumpoto kwa maginito.

The maginito chimafikira mazana makilomita kuchokera pamwamba lathuli. Iwo akutumikira monga mzikiti yosaoneka yomwe imasonyeza galactic wamphamvu ndi cheza dzuwa. Pa particles cheza kugunda ndi chipolopolo a Dziko Lapansi, ndi zochitika zambiri maginito anapanga. Tiyeni tione wotchuka kwambiri a iwo.

mikuntho maginito

dziko lathu kwambiri ndi dzuwa. Iwo osati amatipatsa kutentha ndi kuwala, koma amakwiya ngati zosasangalatsa zodabwitsa maginito monga mafunde. maonekedwe awo chikugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka mu ntchito dzuwa ndi zomwe zidzachitike mkati nyenyezi.

Lapansi nthawi zonse mukopedwe otaya particles ionized dzuwa. Iwo amasunthira pa liwiro la 300-1200 km / m, ndi yodziwika monga mphepo dzuwa. Koma nthawi ndi nthawi pa nyenyezi umuna mwadzidzidzi ambiri particles izi. Amachita chipolopolo dziko lapansi monga mphamvu akukankha ndi maginito kuti kwanthawi.

Last mikuntho zimenezi zimakhalira kwa masiku atatu. Panthawi imeneyi, anthu ena okhala a padziko lathuli akukumana nkhawa. Kusinthasintha chipolopolo kuganizira ife mutu, kuthamanga ndi kufooka. Pa moyo, munthu amakhala avareji mikuntho 2,000.

magetsi kumpoto

Palinso zosangalatsa kwambiri zochitika maginito mu chikhalidwe - magetsi kumpoto, kapena Aurora. Izo kumaonekera monga skyglow ndi mofulumira kusintha mitundu ndi kumachitika makamaka M'madera a zitunda mkulu (67-70 °). Ndi amphamvu dzuwa ntchito anaona kuwala ndi pansi.

Mozungulira 64 makilomita pamwamba mizati dzuwa mlandu malire tinthu zimachitika ndi munda lakutali maginito. Iripano iwo wotumidwa kwa mizati maginito ya Dziko Lapansi, kumene kucheza ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani pali kuwala.

Umuna sipekitiramu zimadalira zikuchokera mpweya ndi sparsity ake. Red umuna kumachitika pa msinkhu wa makilomita 150 400. Blue ndi wobiriwira mitundu imakhudzana ndi okhutira mkulu mpweya ndi asafe. Zidzachitika pa okwera makilomita 100.

magnetoreception

The sayansi zikuluzikulu zomwe adaphunzira zochitika maginito - Physics. Komabe, ena mwa iwo kungabweretse ndi zamoyo. Mwachitsanzo, tilinazo maginito wa zamoyo - luso kudziwa ya maginito ya Earth.

Izi mphatso yapadera wogwidwa ndi nyama zambiri, makamaka mitundu ataliatali. Luso magnetoreception opezeka mileme, mbalame, ndi akamba, amphaka, mphalapala, ena mabakiteriya ndi zina zotero. D. kumathandiza nyama kuyenda danga ndi kupeza nyumba zawo, kuchokera kwa makumi makilomita.

Ngati munthu amagwiritsa ntchito kampasi kuti lathu, ndiye nyama ndi zida zachilendo. Kudziwa mmene ndiponso chifukwa chake ntchito magnetoreception asayansi sichinafike. Koma amadziwika kuti nkhunda zimatha kupeza nyumba yanu, ngakhale ngati kuchotsapo kwa mazana makilomita, kutseka pa mbalame chomwecho mu bokosi mdima kwathunthu. Akamba kupeza adzabadwira awo ngakhale patapita zaka.

Ndiyamika wake "mayiko" nyama kuyembekeza kuphulitsa mapiri, zivomezi, mikuntho ndi masoka ena. Iwo ali wochepa thupi amaona kunjenjemerako ndi maginito, amene kumawonjezera luso zitetezeke.