Kolka glacier, Karmadon gorge, Republic of North Ossetia. Kufotokozera za glacier. Ngoziyo mu 2002

Wokongola chikhalidwe, mapiri otchuka, nofeki mtsinje, woyera mpweya ndi anthu ena achifundo - zonsezi ndi North Caucasus. Zikwi alendo ochokera ku mayiko osiyanasiyana amabwera ku malo amenewa kaso chikhalidwe zodabwitsa. Kamodzi amodzi mwa malo ambiri kwabasi anali Karmadon Gorge (Republic of North Ossetia). Nthawi amatchedwa Genaldon. Mutu chachiwiri, chikutchedwa mtsinje Genaldon, moyenda pano. Zinthu zinasintha pambuyo tsoka umene unachitika mu 2002.

chigwa

Karmadon Gorge, zithunzi zomwe zaka khumi ndi zitatu zapitazo anaonekera pa chimakwirira mayina ambiri dziko, ambiri anadziwika pambuyo wobadwira wa glacier. Ndi mbali ya Wamkulu Caucasus. Iwo ali mizere iwiri ya ovuta otchuka bulauni. Poyamba, pakati pawo tinali wokongola zing'onozing'ono, malo msasa inali, omasuka anthu. Tsopano pali wakuda, ngati zonyasa wanga, chofewa ngati siponji misa. Iwo anabwera pansi glacier mwadzidzidzi m'manda munthu zana limodzi makumi anayi.

The okongola kwambiri wa gorge tsiku limodzi mu September 2002 anawonongedwa ndi masoka achilengedwe.

Kolka glacier

Cirque - chigwa glacier, limene lili mu umalandira kumtunda kwa mtsinje Genaldon (Pool Terek Mtsinje). Iye ali gawo la Caucasus dongosolo paphiri kumbali kumpoto kwa zosiyanasiyana Kazbek-Dzhimarayskogo amatchedwa Colca.

Glacier Makulidwe ali wokongola chidwi: kutalika - 8.4 Km, malo makilomita lalikulu 7.2. magwero ake amakhala phiri pamwamba (kutalika 4780 m), glacier lili pamalo okwera mamita 1980. Kutalika kwa malire chisanu (mzere firn) - mamita 3000.

Kolka glacier wa otchedwa mtundu kugunda. Iwo yodziwika ndi achangu ndi zina zosayembekezereka nthawi zina za thupi patsogolo. Chotero ayezi mosinthana (Sergi) kuchita zambiri n'kugwa ayezi mapangidwe zinyalala utuluke. Sergi kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mavuto adzaoneni.

Glacier pamaso tsokalo

Amadziwika kuti Kolka glacier patsogolo katatu zaka mazana makumi awiri - mu 1902, 1969 ndi 2002. Ngakhale glaciologists, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ndi kuwasintha osiyana ndi ayezi m'nthawi zakale. Mwachitsanzo, "tingachipeze powerenga" kapena "wosakwiya" Serge Kolka kuwayamikira mu 1834. Koma ndiye iye sanali kubweretsa mavuto aakulu.

M'zaka XX, inali yowononga Kukwezeleza glacier chinalembedwa mu July 1902. Pa mbadwa ili anaphedwa ndi anthu makumi asanu, kuposa mutu zikwi ng'ombe. Iye anaikidwa pansi ayezi Karmadon achisangalalo otchuka anawononga nyumba zambiri.

patsogolo zowononga anali limodzi ndi ayezi thanthwe mudflow. Pa liwilo zinali pa Genaldon Valley, makilomita asanu ndi anayi kutali. chaka chimene chinapangidwa pa kiyubiki mamita sevente-faifi miliyoni ayezi ndi thanthwe angayerekezedwe ndi kyubu ndi mbali mamita mazana anai ndi khumi ndi asanu. Oletsa ayezi amasungunuka zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, ndipo mu 1914 chigwa m'munsimu glacier Miley anamuchotsa iye. Poyerekeza mmene zinthu Kolka glacier mu 1902, pamene mlingo wa ayezi khwimbi la zinyalala otaya anafika 150 km / h, akhoza kutsutsa kuti patsogolo mu 1902 zikufanana kwambiri tsoka mu 2002.

Mu 1969, a Kolka glacier zinthu zambiri adaletsa - patsogolo wakhala ankawachotsera ndipo sanali ndi zotsatira zoopsa. Ice kayendedwe anayamba September 28, 1969, ndipo patangotha mlungu umodzi Kolka glacier anagonjetsa zonse mazana khumi mamita kukwaniritsa mapeto a Maili glacier lilime. Choncho, liwiro lake pafupifupi zaka 10 m / ola. Ndiye iwo ali mochedwa - mpaka 1 mita / h ndi 10 January (1970) glacier ndinayima. Pa nthawi yonse imene glacier chasunthira makilomita anayi. Iye waponya pansi chigwa kwa meters mazana asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu.

Mu 1970, glaciologists akhala Dziwani kuti limatsogolera wa glacier kufupi adzatenga za ziwiri ndi theka zaka zambiri.

Palibe boded vuto

Am'deralo nthawi zonse ankaona Kolka glacier ndi woopsa kwambiri. Izi misa yaikulu kwambiri ayezi kuti Anapachikidwa pamwamba gorge, kuti kuphunzitsa anthu kuopa tsoka loyembekezereka, koma glaciologists (akatswiri, kuonera oundana) anali wokongola tisafooke. Komanso, m'midzi yozungulira Upper Karmadon mbiri yawo yaitali sanathenso kulikumbukira zizindikiro zina nkhawa ya mnzake yoopsa. Palibe yophiphiritsiridwa zam'tsogolo.

Mavuto mu Karmadon Tinadabwa wathunthu ophunzira onse - kuti Sergei Bodrov gulu la m'deralo, ntchito yopulumutsa. Anthu mwakachetechete chinkhoswe mu zochitika wamba, ndipo adalira anamaliza kuwombera S. Bodrov. Iwo inakonzedwa kuyamba m'mawa, koma pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana anagwidwa masana. Mozungulira 19,00, monga m'mapiri m'banda mdima, anthu anayamba kusonkhanitsa. Pa nthawiyi n'kuti malire chapamwamba cha gorge anayamba kusintha, zikubweretsa zinthu zimene palibe munthu anakhoza ndalota mu zoopsa.

Ngoziyo mu 2002

Nthawi zambiri anthu kuiwala zakale. Last zoopsa mbadwa Kolka glacier zinachitika zaka zana zapitazo. Mwamsanga pakuona zochitika kulibenso, ndi Republic of North Ossetia amasungidwa kukumbukira kokha wadutsa kuchokera ku atate mwana nkhani akulu awo. Komabe, mu 1902 panali mafotokozedwe ochepa zotsatira za chaka tsoka. Iwo anachita asayansi Russian amene anapita Karmadon chigwa basi pambuyo pa kugwa kwa glacier.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, mantha tsoka anayamba akuzikumbukira, ndi pa bwinja la m'midzi ndi glacier anthu anayamba kumanga atsopano.

Pa maola makumi awiri (September 20) pa kama wa glacier wapita Genaldon mu Karmadon gorge. M'litali anali makilomita asanu, makulidwe - kuchokera mamita 10 mpaka 100 ndipo m'lifupi mamita oposa 200. Voliyumu ya ayezi misa - kiyubiki mamita 21 miliyoni.

Pa gulu la ayezi anapanga sel makilomita khumi yaitali, pamene m'lifupi ndi pafupifupi 50 mamita, ndi makulidwe - mamita 10, buku - kiyubiki mamita miliyoni khumi. Adakwaniritsira kusuntha kwake kwa makilomita asanu kum'mwera kwa mudzi wa Giselle.

Zotsatira za ngoziyi

Kusonkhanitsidwa Kolka glacier anawononga m'mudzi wa Upper Karmadon ndi aliyense amene anali pa nthawi imeneyo ku gorge lapansi. Kufuzika zogona nsanjika zitatu kumanga chipatala chaching'ono "Karmadon" chidwi zosangalatsa kwa Utumiki wa Justice ndi University Ossetian, oposa theka makilomita mizere mphamvu, zitsime ndi madzi wambiri chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito chomera.

M'mudzi Karmadon pansi ayezi anatembenuka nyumba khumi. Kusonkhanitsidwa Kolka glacier chikwiyire chigumula wamphamvu mu mtsinje Gizeldon.

ovulala anthu

Chotsatira kowopsya ayezi zikutha imfa. The gorge ali ndi gulu la S. Bodrov, kuwombera mu malo awa okongola filimu "Mtumiki" pa nthawi ya tsoka. Interdepartmental Commission anapeza kuti Atasonkhanitsa zimenezo sapulumuka pano ndi aliyense. Komabe, kwa nthawi yaitali Sindiiwala chiyembekezo kuti munthu angapulumutsidwe. Povutika achibale anatenga mbali mu ntchito yopulumutsa, ngakhale akatswiri ankakhulupirira kuti apulumutse kale zina.

ntchito yopulumutsa

Long ndi chopweteka chaka chimodzi ndi theka anali kufufuza ndi kupulumutsidwa ntchito mu gorge lapansi. Mwatsoka, khama kupulumutsidwa, asayansi, odzipereka analephera kuzipeza. Tizivutika ayezi anapeza ziwiri zokha mitembo. Mu zana-mita misa ayezi sanapeze chilichonse akufa, kuli moyo. Chaka pamodzi ndi opulumutsa akatswiri ndiponso amadzipereka othandizira awo ndi abale mwa anthu ankakhala. Kwa iwo, chiyembekezo otsiriza anakhala chosaneneka ayezi mumphangayo amene, monga ena Mabaibulo, chobisa anthu.

mumphangayo

Akatswiri amanena kuti lingaliro la mumphangayo chopanda tsogolo, palibe m'modzi akhoza kupulumuka. Komabe, palibe amene akanakhoza kukana achibale akuvutika, amene analimbikira kuti m'ngalande mokhomerera m'zitsime. Pansi wosanjikiza yaikulu Owapulumutsa ayezi nthawi yaitali sanathe kupeza njira yotulukira kale. Naintini zitsime anali mokhomerera. kuyesa Twentieth wopambana. Njira pa mamita 69 pansi osiyanasiyana dzenje. Monga ndimayembekezera, munalibe kanthu. Pambuyo achibale ambiri amene mpaka posachedwapa amakhulupirira kuti zozizwitsa, iwo anavomereza imfa ya okondedwa awo.

Pa ntchito yofunafuna anapeza seventini matupi. anthu zana ndi khumi sanapezekebe. Kufunafuna anali inaimitsidwa May 7, 2004.

The zifukwa glacier zikutha

anali chifukwa cha glacier kuzimiririka mu 2002 chiyani? Pali Mabaibulo angapo tsokalo. Koma akatswiri ambiri timakonda ndikukhulupirira kuti chifukwa chachikulu chinali mpweya woipawu ku phiri Kazbek (kugona).

Iri linatsimikizidwa mu 2007 pa msonkhano wa mayiko, womwe unachitikira ku North Ossetia. Iye Akatswiriwa anafotokoza kafukufuku imene inatenga asanu. zimayambitsa ngozi akhala dzina lake Karmadon gorge.

Asayansi anazindikira kuti lero ndi yaikulu m'dziko mawu zakuthupi kusuntha tsoka glacier. Massa anatsika ayezi, miyala, madzi wadutsa makilomita khumi kudutsa chigwa ndipo anapanga damu yaikulu, utali umene umaposa makilomita anayi.

Wina Baibulo otchuka, tsoka zachilengedwe akanatha chifukwa cha kugumuka zambiri za miyala ndi ayezi mu gawo kumbuyo kwa glacier.

gorge lero

Zoopsa chithunzi Karmadon Gorge lero: yaitali ndi kuwavula "khungu" ngalande wakuda, kudula ngati lezala, mitsinje ndi mapiri nthaka.

Vladikavkaz ndipo, ndithudi, pa malo a tsokalo, ndi zipilala ndi maina a onse amene anafa ndi kupita akusowapo pa tsiku limenelo fateful mu September 2002.

Chakumapeto October 2002, khomo la gorge Karmadon unakhazikitsidwa okumbukira anthu onse chikumbutso mbale.

Patapita chaka chimodzi (2003) chikumbutso mwambo linatsegulidwa. Iye ali chithunzi cha mnyamata, atapanga mu chipika cha ayezi. chipilala The anamangidwira lokwererapo, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Giselle. Iwo uli pano anafika glacier.

Mu 2004, pamalo pamene panali msasa mongodzipereka chopeza mu Karmadon anaika kukumbukira "Chisoni Amayi," analengedwa pa zopereka zaufulu. Izi twente-faifi mwala, kubweretsedwa ndi glacier, ndipo pafupi - chithunzi cha mkazi chisoni, kuyembekezera mwana wake.

Achibale simukudziwa mmene udzasungunuka ndi Kolka glacier, koma akuyembekezera kuti izo zichitike, ndipo iwo adzakhala kupeza zotsalira za okondedwa awo. vuto lagona pa choona kuti chaka chilichonse limatsogolera kubweza - kuwonjezeka matope kutumphuka padziko, amene kubweza ndondomekoyi.

Kolka glacier pamaso ndipo pambuyo pa tsokalo

Kamodzi Karmadon gorge zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuwona kuchokera mu nkhani iyi, iyo inali achisangalalo malo okongola. Zinali makamaka wokongola malire ake chapamwamba. kwambiri glacier kuonekera "Glade Shelestenko" ndi nyumba pogona. A pang'ono m'munsi Miley glacier ili Verhnekarmadonskie akasupe matenthedwe. Captivates ndi maganizo ake a grotto m'chilankhulo cha Miley, icefall, ndi Kazbek yachonde.

Colca glacier pamaso ndipo pambuyo pa ngoziyo ndi ngozi. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, iye chimamangirira khwimbi la ayezi. Malinga ndi asayansi, kusonkhana lotsatira tingayembekezere pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Motero, tsopano lolunjika chidwi ofufuza.

Mu zaka zapitazo, kudziŵika kuti Kolka glacier kusungunuka mofulumira. Tsopano akatswiri analemba osefukira mu Koban Gorge - kuti "suli" manda mu 2002 Karmadon Gorge. Pa thupi la glacier anapanga nyanja, madzi mwa iwo ndi owopsa kwa mudzi Saniba. Madzi n'loopsa m'midzi zikuluzikulu m'zigwa, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi Gizeldon Mtsinje.

Akatswiri ukuonetsa kuti limatsogolera wa glacier Kolka akhoza litenge kwa zaka zambiri. Icho chiri choyipa kuti pa zaka zonsezi, iye adzakhala choopsa kwambiri kwa anthu apa.

Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Karmadon phiri m'chigwa ndi chigwa anali kuyesedwa ndi m'dera loopsa mu zaka zao za sikisite mochedwa Mu zaka zapitazo, pambuyo kupita patsogolo kwa Kolka glacier. Koma, mwatsoka, anthu anayamba kuiwala za patalipatali.

Akatswiri

Asayansi akuphunzira Kolka glacier. Posachedwapa, pa gorge anabwera Karmadon kutsogolera glaciologist dziko lathu Nikolay Osokin. Iye anakhala ntchito yaikulu kafukufuku pa malo otsetsereka glacier. Ndipo Chilimwe chotsatira mu malo awa apite nthumwi ulendo asayansi. Ndikufuna kukhulupirira kuti ntchito zawo zingathandize kuletsa zotsatira zoipa wobadwira wina glacier. Ndipo nthawi zonse zichitike, palibe chikaiko.