Mbiri ya Peterhof ku ulamuliro wa Peter Ine masiku ano

Chimodzi mwa chodabwitsa ndi wokongola zachifumu European ili pafupi ndi St. Petersburg ndipo amadziwika pansi pa dzina la Peterhof. History mwachidule akulongosola chilengedwe cha malo lodabwitsali. Ndipo timayesetsa mwamsanga kupita mu magawo zofunika kwambiri za moyo wa Peterhof.

malo abwino

Bakuman ali kuti malo mzinda anasankha yekha Peter I. Mu 1705 bwato laling'ono "Munker" Anapitirizabe ku Gulf of Finland, 40 Km from ikumangidwa ku St. Petersburg. Choncho ndi mosavuta looneka kaja kwa Nyanja Baltic ndi chilumba chachikulu, komwe pa nthawiyo anamanga zedi linga - Kronshlot. Mu 1708 anapita kutchula koyamba za Manor anamanga pa Popovski matabwa nyumba ya Peter, amene amatchedwa mfumu "horomtsy". Choncho anayamba mbiri ya Peterhof.

The okhala ntchito kutsogolo

Mu 1710, njira yoyamba kusanduliza mu mwanaalirenji horomtsev Peterhof yachifumu zovuta Atengedwa. History limatiuza kuti Peter Ine pambuyo kugonjetsa Sweden ankapita ku France. Kumeneko iye anaphunzira kamangidwe wanzeru French achifumu yogona - Choisy, Trianon, Versailles. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa njira zosiyanasiyana luso ndi mbali makina a m'mapaki ndi akasupe.

Mu 1716, mfumu inalamula ku France yotchuka wamanga Aleksandra Leblona, anamuika wazomangamanga ambiri a tsogolo la Peterhof. Ambiri a malingaliro ophatikizidwa mu moyo wa mapulani Italy - Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli, Nikolo Miketti, mwini akasupe a - ndi Avenetia Giuliano ndi Giovanni Barattini.

Kupezeka loyamba

Ntchito pa ntchito yomanga Peterhof anali ndi liwiro zosaneneka, ndipo mu August 1725 unachitikira kutsegula wake waulemerero. Ndi nthawi iyi anachita akasupe kwambiri, izo anakumba Nyanja Ngalande ndipo anaika paki, Anamanga zachifumu kakang'ono - Marly ndi Monplaisir.

Lemekezani kuti kamangidwe woyamba anali Peterhof M. G. Zemtsovu - wotchuka Russian wamanga. Lisanaperekedwe, pamalo panalibe zida alimi amene anamanga izo. Chifukwa cha Kamangidwe bwino Peterhof analandira anthu awiri zina - boma wamba inamangidwa nyumba waluso pa bwalo - Cavaliers.

Lapidary Works, kupangidwa mu 1725, anali woyamba mafakitale malo, amene analandira Peterhof. Mbiri ya chiyambi chake kumagwirizana ndi kumanga wake umenewu mapulani. Ntchito yaikulu fakitale wakhala wolunjika mwala umene ntchito kumanga nyumba zachifumu ndiponso nyumba kamangidwe ka mzinda m'tsogolo. Ndi nthawi iyi ife kale ntchito pa ntchito yomanga payipi madzi, omwe anali kulimbikitsa Peterhof akasupe. Mbiri ya nyumba imeneyi wamphamvu hayidiroliki inayamba mu mtsinje bedi Ropsha. Zinali madzi ake anali kupereka madzi ku akasupe ndi paki onse gulu loyimba dzina lake Peterhof.

Mbiri ya nyumba yachifumu mu zaka XVII-XVIII.

Mu ulamuliro wa Catherine Ine ndi Anny Ioannovny mu Peterhof muika maganizo ndi patsogolo mapulani a Peter I. Pamene adakwera wachifumu Elizaveta Petrovna, iye anaitana mwana wa wotchuka Carlo Rastrelli, amene anakhala waluntha wamanga. Francesco Rastrelli anatsogolera ntchito pa ntchito yomanga Peterhof. Pamene munatembenuka m'chipinda cham'mwamba, Upper chokongoletsedwa munda. Komanso latsopano Elizabethan nyumba anamangidwira, amene organically analowa kale landscaped Peterhof.

History kanthu za kusintha kulikonse kwambiri mu ulamuliro wa Catherine II. masinthidwe onse mu nthawi iyi zinali zochepa kuti kusintha mu ulemerero mkati zachifumu ndi renaming thupi Elizabethan mu Catherine.

Ndi nthawi ya inalowa mpando wachifumu wa Paulo Ine, nyumba kamangidwe ka Peterhof akufunika thandizo kukonza lalikulu, ndi cascades wa akasupe pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu. Panatenga zaka za kumanganso unyinji wonse wa zovuta nyumba yachifumu. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito kunali kwakukulu moti kubwezeretsa chomaliza cha Peterhof anali pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, pamene wachifumu anakhala mwana wa Paulo I - Alexander I.

Peterhof mu XIX atumwi

Ndi chiyambi cha m'ma mu Peterhof okhala mumzinda anali nyumba makumi asanu ndi zosiyanasiyana sanali zogona nyumba - makola, limatifotokozera, ndi zambiri. Alexander I analamula kuti angakwanitse nyumba kwambiri yonyansa. Ntchito kwa nyumba zatsopano anakonzedwa V. P. Stasovym ndi ena. Kusinthidwa nyumba anatumikira monga m'chipindacho kwa regiments ochepa apakavalo.

Pamene Nicholas Ine m'dera Peterhof anali kukodzedwa kudzera kugula malo a kum'mawa kwa wotsika Park. Kuyambira 1826 Peterhof dongosolo lowonjezera ndi awiri-storey kanyumba, amene anali mkazi wa Nicholas I - Alexandra Fyodorovna. Kenako Farm inamangidwa nyumba yachifumu ndi malo paki.

The inalowa mwa Alexander II zinali zodzaza ndi kutsegula kwa sitima, amene chikugwirizana Petersburg ndi Peterhof. Mbiri ya zovuta nyumba yachifumu mpaka 1917 - ndi moyo wanzeru wa madona wanzeru ndi abambo, anthu a m'banja la mfumu ndi olemekezeka ku St. Petersburg.

Peterhof mu XX atumwi

Zitasintha, lonse yachifumu ndi paki gulu loyimba anali nationalized. Mu 1918, ulendo woyamba zinachitika pa ntchito ya zipinda zake zazikulu. Koma kubwezeretsedwa kwathunthu kwa gulu loyimba anawononga kunachitidwa kwa zaka 10. Ndi 1926, akasupe anali ankamangidwanso paki m'munsi, ndi 1930 m'malo a mapaipi ndi kubwezeretsedwa kasupe atachuluka Upper Garden.

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo wathunso Peterhof. Ambiri zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho lidawonongeka kapena kubedwa, ndi nyumba mapulani akhala mulu wa makhalidwe. Pambuyo kumasulidwa kwa Peterhof mu 1944, nthawi yomweyo anayamba mpandawo, umene unatha pafupi zaka 30. Only mu 1973, nyumba ndi paki zovuta anabwezeretsedwa chikuoneka pachiyambi, ndi kuyambira pamenepo Peterhof chiyani musatope kugonjetsa mitima ya onse ku Russia ndi alendo yachilendo.