Kronotsky Reserve ndi zosangalatsa za iye. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve

Kronotsky Reserve anakhazikitsidwa mu 1934 ku Far East. m'lifupi ndi avareji 60 Km. 243 Km anatambasula gombe.

Owerenga mwina kufuna kudziwa kumene Kronotsky malo. Iwo lili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Kamchatka, limabweretsa administratively ku chigawo Elizovo Kamchatka Region. Mu mzinda wa Elizovo ndi malo kasamalidwe.

Iye akutenga pa zosiyanasiyana zinthu zachilengedwe ndi maonekedwe awo ndi malo apadera m'gulu la madera awa ku Far East. Kufotokozera za Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve Adzaperekedwa m'nkhani ino.

Choyamba, mbiriyakale pang'ono. Analenga madera awa wayamba zaka zingapo ntchito ya boma udindo malo. Long kuyambira, malinga okha, kufalitsa mwambo wa kusamala zachilengedwe, makamaka sables, limene ambiri pano ndipo anakhala pa anthu wamba ndi zofunika kwambiri. Poyamba, mu 1882, apo analipo Sobolinsky Reserve. Kenako mu 1934, izo unakhazikitsidwa mu malo ake Kronotsky.

Reserve lero - dera, amene ali mawonekedwe ndi polygon osasamba. padziko m'dera ndi pafupifupi zikwi zisanu. ^Km2.

zimachititsa chilumbachi

dera ndi mapiri, koma zigwa gombe ili. Kronotsky malo - malo achilengedwe, pafupi ndi malire kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa amene ali mapiri awiri amene ali zikusinthira (ndi Unana Taunishits). conical ake mawonekedwe ndi msinkhu komanso waima zinatha Kronotsky (okwera - 3528 m), umene uli yokha Kamchatka kiyi phiri. Kronotsky Reserve ali oundana ambiri, amene zatenga mahekitala 14 chikwi. Ena mwa iwo ndi kukula wokongola chidwi ndi ena - chidwi mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, Tyushevskii glacier m'litali mpaka 8 Km. Geysers ndi akasupe a madzi otentha zili m'madera maganizo.

Caldera Uzon

Caldera Uzon ndi kukopa chachikulu cha chinthu monga Kronotsky Reserve. Iwo ananyamuka ku chakuti miyala anagwa, n'kupanga otsika zozungulira chimango. Pali ambiri nyanja ozizira ndi ofunda. Yaikulu ya awa: ozizira ndi ofunda Fumarolnoye Central. Miyala ndi kunkakhala lamkati la caldera lapansi. Kunja mwake, canopies. Iwo amasunthira ku m'dera lalikulu. Griffins Wamphamvu ali mu chigawo chapakati cha caldera ndi nyuzi wodzazidwa ndi madzi otentha, ndi matope miphika (mwachitsanzo, ziboliboli amene masekondi 3 "amatha kuumba" formations chokhala duwa). Zonsezi - wapadera zachilengedwe malo Kronotsky malo.

Chigwa cha Geysers

Timam'konda Kamchatka Valley wa Geysers chinsinsi ndi kukongola. Chidwi ndi kumveka kwa madzi, ndi mitsinje yambiri ndi makiyi ndi angapo algae wachikuda, mtundu umene umasiyana wakuda kuti lalanje ndi wobiriwira. kukongola ndi chidwi mathithi p. Phokoso. madzi ake kugwa kwa kutalika mamita 80. Pakali pano, chigwa Geyser Mtsinje pali 22 geysers yogwira. Onsewo ali ndi mkombero kumeneko yekha ntchito ndi dzina. Kasupe (geyser dzina) ndi zabwino chifukwa Inayamba aliyense mphindi 17. Koma munthu wamkulu, mutu wa geysers, ndipo chimapangitsa wake "zisudzo" kudikira maola asanu. Yaikulu mu Kamchatka ndi chiphona. Kronotsky malo - malo pamene pali kusokonekera, yopingasa geysers, pinki phirilo ku New Kasupe, Kasupe, kawiri, ngale, komanso akasupe a madzi otentha monga yoyandama Malachite Grotto ndi ena.

Munthu amene anali m'chigwa cha Geysers koyamba, anawona yochititsa wosangalatsa. Kodi kukaona ngati okha choonetsedwa Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Kufotokozera za Valley wa Geysers kovuta kusonyeza mawu. World izo kotero zonama, zikuwoneka ngati muli pa kudziko lina. Pali mitundu zimene kwathunthu yodziwika ndi mitunda ya Earth - pa maziko a zobiriwira nyenyezi yaing'ono paini, komanso masamba a mitengo - wofiirira, wofiira, zofiirira, mtundu wa wophikidwa lapansi dongo. ndi fungo mpweya wa sulfure ndi nthunzi ladzala ndi malire. Padziko thovu onse, hisses ndi zithupsa! Yaikuluikulu boilers mapiri muzitha dongo Povunduka ndi dziko lapansi. Inu simungakhoze kupita sitepe limodzi kuchokera mu kanjira - scalded. Wa ming'alu ndi mphako zimene zimapita, amene "kutali" geysers yaing'ono.

Ndi udindo zabwino njira chiphala chamoto, mu kuwonjezeka kutentha kwa malo, zomwe zimakopa m'nyengo yozizira osati waterfowl ndi waterfowl, komanso limadziwika ndi nkhosa bighorn. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa mpweya chiphala poizoni anapha ambiri nyama ndi mbalame okhala Kronotsky Reserve. Mwachitsanzo, mu Imfa Valley zambiri nyama zakufa. Amakopeka miimba cha adani lalikulu. Komabe, kutuluka kwa nyama zimenezi sizingatheke.

Madamu mu malo a

Pali oposa 800 Madamu mu malo a. Oterewa za 3% ya malo okwana kutetezedwa. Old Semyachik mtsinje ukuyenda mwa kum'mwera kwa malo a. Mitsinje yaikulu ndi Bogachevka ndi Kronotsky. kutalika womaliza wa makilomita 39. Ndizoonekeratu ku Kronotsky Nyanja ndi ndipamene zilumba zambiri ndi oxbows. Bogachevka m'litali anaposa. m'litali ndi 72 Km ndi kuzama ndi 1.2-1.5 m. mtsinje uwu ali phiri khalidwe lotere. Iye akhakula, mabala kudzera malire chapamwamba cha malo otsetsereka phompho, pansi amaundana m'nyengo yozizira.

nyanja ambiri mu malo chikhalidwe. Kuya - Kronotskoye. Izo akufanana ndondomeko ya makona isosceles.

malo nyengo

gawo ili kwa Pacific gombe la Chukotka pa zigawo nyengo. Anapanga mchikakamizo cha nyengo ya Pacific Ocean. mapangidwe ace nawonso anakopeka ndi thandizo lamapiri la m'dera limeneli. Chilimwe mu malo ndi ozizira ndi chinyezi, ndi wandiweyani chifunga pafupipafupi drizzle ndi mphepo kuwala kuchokera kum'mwera. M'dzinja ndi ofunda ndi youma nyengo ndi wambiri dzuwa. Komabe, yozizira kumayambira November. Iwo amakhala ndi chisanu amphamvu, nthawizina kufika mphepo yamkuntho mphamvu, komanso kunagwa chipale chofewa. Mothandizidwa zigumukire akuyamba nyengo yofunda m'chaka. Izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa yopapatiza zigwa phiri mtsinje ndi otsetsereka.

nthaka

Nthaka pa malire a malo anapanga mchikakamizo cha ntchito chiphala. Permanent nthaka rejuvenation kumathandiza kupeza phulusa lake. Chifukwa imeneyi ladzala ndi mchere. dothi oterowo mkulu madzi permeability ndi kumasura malamulo, umene uli wabwino kwambiri kwa kukula kwa zomera zosiyanasiyana.

mitundu zomera malo a

600 mitundu ya zomera mtima zopezeka m'dera limeneli, komanso mitundu 113 lichens. Mwa zina woona difazistrum Sitka, ndere, lomwe likupezeka pa miyala. Mu malo pali 85 mitundu bryophytes, 6 - Mumapezekanso. Pakati pawo mungapeze mitundu amenewa kawirikawiri pamene kukula meadows achinyezi Thelypteris palustris, m'chigwa cha Geysers - spleenwort odulidwa atuluke, miyala ya Pacific gombe - wobiriwira spleenwort, komanso cryptogram olembedwa, kukula pa m'matanthwe.

Pinus pumila ndipamene m'nkhalango kumbali lonse. M'madera ena mu malo mungapeze kaso Oil ndi spruce Ayan. Iwo amatenga mamita 25 kutalika, ndipo zaka zake zaka 300. Ndi zosangalatsa mthunzi-ololera. Wachisomo Oil angapezeke pa malo kum'mwera kum'mawa. Ndi yokongola zomera ndi conical korona wokongola.

mankhwala maluwa

Pa malo mankhwala a zitsamba anapezeka: voskovik anamva ndi fungo la utomoni wonunkhira, ndi nettle ploskolistnaya. Mu Goltsova kukula zone kudziwika monga Rhodiola rosea, lomwe limatchedwanso golide muzu. Rue Thunberg, nyama zina kukula mu nkhalango Erman. Palinso mpesa zake, yokutidwa ndi kumwamba buluu ndi maluwa wofiirira. The m'madambo ndi mayiwe anapeza zheltotsvetkovaya marigold akuyandama. Goldthread trifoliate ndi maluwa woyera ndi mdima wobiriwira masamba amakhala bogs Moss. Bright maluwa m'madera osiyanasiyana phiri Titafika pamalo, timiyala, miyala, mitsinje thanthwe, peat bogs ndi zithaphwi kupirira poppy mbewu. Limamasula pa lotseguka malo otsetsereka cloves zokwawa. Ambiri ali pa zomera malo Heather kuti kuonekeratu kuti mitundu yowala ziwalo zake zosiyanasiyana. 4 yonse ya violets n'kofalanso, amene mitundu - kuchokera woyera kuti buluu. Angapezeke pa zipatso mabulosi abulu ndi kiranberi chithaphwi, cranberries ang'ono ndiponso anthu wamba.

mtundu umodzi pakati pa mitengo ya msondodzi kufika msinkhu wa mamita 25. Izi Sakhalin msondodzi. The mitengo otsala - zitsamba.

Yaima wamtali mu Angelica bearish imene imafikira ndi kutalika mamita 2-3. Yachitika chakupha kukula mwachindunji ku madzi.

Oimira kakombo yodziwika ndi kukongola wapadera. Zopezeka mu kusunga kakombo wakuda ndi zofiirira, wofiirira-ofiira ndi yowala woyera. Pano mukhoza kupeza zomera kukongoletsa a m'banja maluwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu mtsinje chapamwamba. Geyser anapezeka ndi maluwa wapadera. Iwo spiranthes Chinese. Iye inflorescence spirally zopotoka, pali kakang'ono maluwa owala pinki.

otetezedwa ndi mwa mitundu zina kutchulidwa Red Book, pali: Oil komanso yokongola nsapato macranthon.

Nyama zomwe amakhala m'derali

Kronotsky malo zinyama ndi yosiyanasiyana, koma otsika kwa ena zikuchokera mitundu Kamchatka. Ichi ndi chifukwa malo ake. Mwachitsanzo, zomera amphibian mu malo akuimira okha Siberia salamander. Palibe zokwawa m'deralo.

Ena mitundu ndi mbiri chidwi kwambiri malowedwe mu Kronotsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Mwachitsanzo, yaing'ono wakuda paini longhorn kachilomboka mwangozi tiri pano ndi matabwa. Adawonekeranso iye Uzon shipping kumbuyo chipsyepsye ndege. chipsyepsye ntchito monga kuyenda mafuta magalimoto.

mbalame

Kronotsky State Biosphere Reserve - malo amene ali ndi madera 69 seabirds. Amachuluka numerically lund, mwabata gull, njiwa Guillemot, chiswankhono Berin. Pali tiri ndi chiwerengero kwambiri m'munsi mwa oimira monga glaucous mapiko gull, wamba murre ndi nyanga. Makamaka chidwi ndi lund. mbalame zimenezi bulauni mu mtundu, sing'anga-kakulidwe ndi mlomo wofiira, zambiri flattened pa mbali. Kumbuyo maso ake ali woyera nthenga yaitali. Izi chidwi mbalame zisa kamakumba una umene digs mu nthaka yofewa pamwamba pa miyala. The miyala komanso chisa akhwangwala, swifts belopoyasnye, Steller a nyanja chiombankhanga mohonogy Konyukov.

Mu Kronotsky phompho mu Olga Bay, amene saundana, pali 1.5 zikwi mbalame. Numerically osakhala mwa iwo: Pacific wakuda scoter, kuleza tailed bakha, Eider, Mphamba-nosed scoter, harlequin bakha. Ambiri pano monga akhwangwala ndi gulls.

M'madambo Titafika pamalo nyanja anthu: red-khosi grebe, red-khosi abakhawa, pintail kumpoto, wigeon, Tilu, mbedza-nosed kurpan, wakuda scoter, buluu imvi-wakuda gulls. Iwo zisa manambala yaing'ono whooper tsekwe, chimene osowa.

Nyanja mikango ndi otters nyanja

Pa Cape Kozlov mu 1942, panali zoposa zikwi mikango nyanja, komanso mazana angapo kuti Western Cape. chiwerengero cha nyama lero anthu 700 okha. Iwo ali mitundu yosowa mikango nyanja zalembedwa mu Red Book of Russia. Tsopano pansi ankatetezedwa.

The otter nyanja ndi anthu mbadwa ya East Kamchatka, m'malire ake. M'zaka za m'ma 19 alionse a mitundu anali amphamvu kwambiri, koma mu zaka za m'ma 20 zinali atapita kwathunthu. Tsopano otters nyanja abwerera paokha mu Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Iwo ndi nyama okha 120.

Ringed zisindikizo ndi zisindikizo wamba padziko madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'dera limeneli. Iwo m'gulu pangozi.

nyama zazikulu Kronotsky malo

Mphalapala amakhala ku Mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'zigwa. Pali a nkhandwe zolusa, wolverine, ermine. Mu Kamchatka, kunyumba kwa mitundu yowala ndi lalikulu kukula nkhandweyo. Pa Titafika pamalo yagodnikovyh mu mochedwa July, kudyetsa zimbalangondo. Moyo mu mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya nkhosa bighorn kuti kudyetsa zitsamba kupezeka ndi udzu, algae chakudya pagombe. chiwerengero kunachitika Kamchatka mphalapala tsopano pa mlingo yovuta. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zazikulu ndi kusunga kumangidwanso. Kamchatka marmot - wokhala wina wa okwera, amene amakhala m'madera lalifupi udzu.

Species akukhala kamennoberezovikah

Common mwa mitundu zokhala mu kamennoberezovikah, nuthatch, Pukhlyak, Small mabanga Woodpecker, Gray chili pamwamba greenfinch, bullfinch, Yurok, pestrogrudaya ndi red-breasted flycatcher, wotumbululuka thrush, red-lazunguliridwa bluetail wogontha ndi Cuckoo, capercaillie, atatu toed woodpecker. Apa chisa kwa adani goshawk, chizolowezi, ziwombankhanga nyanja. A ambiri miyoyo Okhotsk Cricket.

Sable, zofiirira chimbalangondo

Ogwirira waima sable, amene zoyendetsedwa ndi voles, woyera partridge, passerines yaing'ono, rowan mabulosi, mabulosi abulu ndi siksa, nyenyezi yaing'ono paini mtedza. Sables pamene kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuyamba njala ndipo amayendayenda mu atsale. Nthawi zina inasanduka kusamuka yaikulu m'derali. Pofunafuna nyama chakudya kotero zatha zisakuyenda kuti apite ku midzi, kutaya kuopa anthu, ndipo zinyalala akuyang'ana chakudya. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve - gawo limene bulauni chimbalangondo kufala. Iye ndi wosiyana ndi zina chachikulu kwambiri.

nyama zina

Olive Thrush amakhala ku nkhalango krupnostvolnyh m'zigwa za Kamchatka Peninsula. Kronotsky malo amakhala komanso kalulu, okhala zigwa za mitsinje. Iwo chisa larch grosbeak ndi Tito. Palinso kwambiri wamawangamawanga woodpecker ndi shrike-Shrike. Amenewa ndiwo malo okha mu malo, kumene miyoyo ya mapuloteni ndi.

nsomba

Pafupifupi bezrybny mitsinje bwino gawo pamaso chachikulu nsomba mothamanga. kusuntha - akuona wokongola, chifukwa nambala yaikulu nsomba wonyezimira dzuwa, kusambira m'madzi bwino kwambiri. Chimakopa mbalame monga goldeneye, harlequin bakha, lalikulu ndi lalitali-nosed mergansers, scaup.

Njale, ndipo marmot

Bering njale ukufika manambala mkulu pa phazi la cones chiphala. Kamchatka marmots moyo mu utuluke Chiphalachi.

Kulumikizana Koryak malo

Posachedwapa, mu April 2015, Ufumuyo kwa Koryak Reserve Kronotsky. Choncho, otsiriza anawonjezera malire. Ili mu Koryak Reserve Olyutorskii Penzhina ndi zigawo derali. Izo analengedwa mu 1995 kuteteza malo kukaikira mazira, ndege ndi waterfowl m'chilengedwe chonse zovuta, ili mu North Kamchatka. Mitsinje ndi malo ake aakulu spawning kwa nsomba. Amapulumutsidwa ku dera la malo ndi mmodzi wa anthu waukulu kwambiri Russian peregrine kabawi chitetezo cha yomwe ikuchitika pa mlingo padziko lonse.