Kubenskoe nyanja, Vologda chigawo: kufotokoza, makamaka nsomba ndi ndemanga

Mu gawo European la Russia ndi Kubenskoe nyanja. Tikambirana pansipa malongosoledwe ake.

malo Hrs

Nyanjayi ndi chiyambi glacial, kupangidwa mwa akale-kukula nkhalango pa otsika lowe wodzazidwa ndi meltwater kuphwera mu kumpoto kwa glacier. Inali ku malire chapamwamba cha kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje, 30 kukafika kumpoto kwa Vologda. Kubenskoe nyanja elongated mu malangizo ochokera kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa, m'litali ndi 54 Km, m'lifupi - 12 Km, m'dera - za 370 sq. Km. Miyeso zimasiyana masika litulukira kwambiri ndi kudzazidwa ndi m'dambo posungira. Pa m'chilimwe ndi yophukira mvula akhoza kufika m'dera 410 sq. Km. Kubenskoe ndi nyanja pamalo okwera mamita 110 pamwamba pa nyanja.

Kufotokozera nyanja

nkhalango lokutidwa kum'mawa gombe sloped akamwe madzi ndi zambiri anasefukira, kugombe la kumadzulo ndi phiri laling'ono. Kuya pafupifupi la nyanja ndi Kubensky 1.2-2 mamita, koma mu nthawi ya chisanu kusungunula madzi mbakwira mamita 13.

Zonse madzi ndi kuonetsetsa navigation mu 1834 pa Sukhona 7.5 Km from gwero la damu la inamangidwa "wotchuka." Kwenikweni anatembenuka Kubenskoe nyanja posungira ndi ngalande ankalamulira. M'nyengo yozizira ndi kasupe mpaka mapeto a chigumula pa Sukhona pachipata m'munsi ndi adatchithisira pansi, chifukwa uyenderere meltwater amalenga backflow pa mtsinje.

Nyanja Kubenskoe (Vologod m'dera) kudyetsedwa ndi madzi a mitsinje makumi atatu catchment ake ndi 14 400 sq. Km. Yaikulu tributary - mtsinje Kubena kutalika 368 Km, amalowa dziwe kum'mawa, n'kupanga ankadziwana yaikulu. Achiwiri kukula mtsinje - Uftyuga (117 km) - umayenda m'nyanja kuchokera kumpoto. makhwawa ang'onoang'ono Porozovitsa (34 km) kumpoto ndi Great Hjelm (60 km) kumadzulo. Khumi mitsinje ndi kutalika kwa 10-20 Km. Mvula ochokera m'nyanja anapanga Sukhona mtsinje ukuyenda mitsinje awiri kuchokera kum'mwera chakum'mawa.

Osachepera madzi mlingo ikusonyezedwa mu March, izo kufika pazipita mu May ndipo mu June ndi kuchepa mphamvu. Pa otaya n'zosiyana pa Sukhona Kubenskoye nyanja madzi atafika 30-40 masentimita patsiku. Chilimwe pa nyanja mikuntho kawirikawiri ndi mafunde, amaundana mu mochedwa November - oyambirira December, anamasulidwa ayezi kumapeto April - oyambirira May.

nkhani

Nyanja amatenga dzina la mtsinje Kubeny. Mapeto "-ene" mwina Finno-Ugric, kutanthauza "madzi chachikulu" ndi muzu wa mtengo wa "kyubu" silidziŵika. Amati chimachokera ku chinenero cha mafuko zinatha amene amakhala kalelo mu dera la dera Vologda.

Mu zaka XI-XII dera la kumpoto cha Nyanja Kubensky anakhala amadalira mabwalo Novgorod, amaika mumsewu njira malonda pamodzi Sheksna ntunda unango wa nyanza Sukhona, ndi zina pamodzi kumpoto Dvina ku White Sea. Sami Kubensky yokhudza malo anali Rostov-Suzdal akalonga, ndipo kenako panali fiefdoms Yaroslavl Rurik.

Mu 1692 msonkhano wamng'ono Peter Ine, pambuyo kwambiri ndi kumanga zombo on Lake Pereyaslavl anafuna thupi zambiri zokhudza madzi mu nyanja miyezi iwiri. Mfumu inachita chidwi ndi kutalika kwa nyanja, koma anakhumudwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira za anayeza.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX, nyanja anaphatikizidwa dongosolo madzi North Dvina ndi njira Aleksandra Virtembergskogo (tsopano kumpoto Dvina Ngalande), nakumba 1825-1829, motero.

Zovuta kafukufuku Kubensky nyanja kunachitidwa mu 1972, Vologda ndi Arkhangelsk hydrographic ulendo.

Biota

Nyanja zomera ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu 57 ya zomera. About 4 800 mahekitala wotanganidwa ndi m'nkhalango zowirira za sedges, kupanga meadows pakamwa Kubeny, pa confluence a Uftyugi ndipo ngakhale pa malo angapo. Reed kuphimba kudera la mahekitala 540 ndipo Polygonum amphibian magulu njira m'dera mahekitala 2000, ndiponso lili pakamwa mitsinje. m'nkhalango ochepa a pondweed kuphimba kudera la mahekitala 7000.

Nsomba on Lake Kubenskoye nthawi wolemera. Mu akupezeka mitundu 19 ya nsomba: nsomba, ide, bream, ruff, roach, bream, gudgeon, njoka yam'madzi, chub, chub, dace, roach, saber nsomba, yowawitsa, Pike, nsomba woyera, kapena nelmushka (m'dera zosiyanasiyana whitefish, yosowa kwambiri) smelt, bream, burbot. Koma nthawi zina amabwera kudutsa starlet. Kuyambira 1950s makamaka, ndipo kawirikawiri zikuoneka nsomba, pamaso pa nyanja si vodivshiysya. ya nsomba khumi imvera nsomba malonda, omwe likunena kuchepekela chifukwa shoaling komanso nyanja kuipitsa.

zowoneka

Kuwonjezera lokongola, kukopa chachikulu ndi kamenny obisika, wakale kwambiri kumpoto Russian, anamanga pa lonjezo mu 1260 ndi Prince Gleb Vasilkovichem Belozersky, opulumuka pa mkuntho lolemera. Mu 1528 iye anapita ndi Grand Duke Vasily III. Mu Soviet Union kuti linathetsedwa ndi danga analipereka kwa fakitale nsomba. Chiwalitsiro Cathedral anali litaphulitsidwa pa mapeto a 1930s ndi kumangidwanso mu 2009. M'mudzi waukulu m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pakamwa ndi mpingo wakale, tchalitchi, ndi zakale, ndi pafupi Lysogorskaya obisika.

nsomba

Nsomba Nyanja nkhokwe pang'onopang'ono kuti zatha nsomba mafakitale kugwa kwa zaka zingapo: kuchokera matani 616 mu 1938 ku 285 mu 1953, anthu okwana matani 72 mu 2013. Mu mma 1990, chiwerengero chachikulu cha nsomba anakhudzidwa ndi anthu opha nyama (pafupifupi okwana pachaka nsomba akhoza upambana matani 900). Pa anthu nsomba kumakhudza shallowing zoipa nyanja, chifukwa m'madera miyambo spawning osati ndi madzi, komanso ndi kutentha abnormally mkulu kwa zaka zingapo, zagwira chiwerengero cha ruff.

Umagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndi kuipitsa mafakitale: pa padoko ndipo pali oposa 180 minda iwiri nkhumba ndi osiyanasiyana zipangizo. Chiyembekezo cha kubwezeretsa kwa nsomba kugwirizana ndi ntchito paulimi ulamuliro Sukhona amene akanatha kudzutsa anthu pafupifupi madzi mlingo kuchokera pano mamita 1.2 kuti mamita awiri kale.

Chifukwa cha kwambiri shallowness zamasewela nsomba nthawi yotentha ndi zotheka ndi mabwato kuti zambiri ndi anthu am'deralo amene kuwapatsa renti kwa alendo. Pofuna kuteteza woyera nsomba nsomba ndikoletsedwa pa malo ake spawning pafupi m'kamwa ndi confluence Kubeny Pelmo ndi Neyga, pa mtunda wa makilomita atatu kumtunda madzi. Mu mpumulo wa nsomba kunyanja, akuchotsedwa mu 1999 ku Red Book, amaloledwa kupha.

Mosiyana ndi alendo, makamaka kumafika zonyamula zoyendera madzi, anglers Kawirikawiri za kupanda mwayi maulendo yabwino nyanja, koma kwenikweni anapereka okonzeka nsomba m'munsi.

Chinthu chachikulu kwa okonda usodzi yoimba, lomwe likupezeka lalikulu zedi, ngakhale ake kulemera pafupifupi si magilamu 100-250. Mapa kuluma on Lake Kubenskoye nthawi zonse, kupatula pa madzi osefukira. Chikudya ukufika pachimake ndi mapeto a nyengo yotentha-m'dzinja.

yozizira nsomba

wotchuka yozizira nsomba on Lake Kubenskoye. asodzi zimadziŵa malo a yozizira kudzikundikira yoimba mu osaya pafupi mitsinje ya. A sabata pambuyo amaundana-mmwamba akuyamba kwambiri nsomba ntchito, mpaka mapeto a January. February makamaka March - nthawi ya bwino osachepera nsomba yozizira. Pamene ayezi chimasungunula, nsomba akuyamba kuluma kachiwiri. anglers odziwa anagwira nsomba ku floes ayezi kuti ngalawa. Mgwireni yozizira pa balancer, jig ndi trolling yozizira. Ndi zabwino kuluma ndi bwino wina zingabweretse makilogalamu 30 a nsomba. White nsomba yozizira kuti akakole kwambiri kuposa nsomba. Atangotsala pang'ono kayendedwe ayezi ndi kuluma roach ndi bream.

Reviews mwa nyanja Kubenskoye

Alendo kuti pali, zimene kuwona. Mungathere nthawi pa gombe, kutenga kuviika tsiku lotentha chilimwe. alendo akuyesera kukaona Spaso mwala obisika pa chilumbachi pakatinakati panyanza. Apaulendo komanso zabwino za malo zosangalatsa, yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyanja, kumene mukhoza kukhala. zapansi kwambiri ili m'mphepete mwa mtsinje Kubene pali pomanga misasa ndi pafupi pakamwa. Pa kamtunda ndithu kuchokera ku nyanja ndi momasuka "Morino Manor" ndi m'mphepete mwa Big Hjelm ndi mini-hotelo "Omogaevsky". Makamaka zambiri ndemanga mokalipa za maziko a banja lonse "Ekzopark Vysokovskoye" anthu nthiwatiwa, nkhanga, nkhukutembo, nthumwi za m'dera zinyama zolusa. Malowa ali pamtunda kumtunda Kubeny.

Mukhozanso kumva ndi ndemanga alenje amene anabwera kwa nyanja chifukwa Kubenskoe masewera. Kusaka Nyengo waterfowl akutsegula m'chaka, koma pano ndi kupanga zochepa. nkhalango yapafupi ndi anthu ose, zimbalangondo ndi Boar zakutchire, ankasakidwa m'dzinja ndi yozizira.

Asodzi, kugawana zidindo wake za nsomba pa nyanja imeneyi, kulankhula za nsomba zabwino ndi nthawizonse nsomba zazikulu.