Kufufuma: lingaliro, mlingo wa kufufuma, mitundu yake

Kufufuma ndi imeneyi kufalitsidwa ndalama njira zikusefukira ndi owonjezera okwanira ndalama. Izi anaonetsa kuwonjezeka mu mitengo chofunika.

Ngati chodabwitsa chuma kufufuma kwenikweni anaonekera m'ma 20, ngakhale kale amalembedwa nyengo ya kukula mofulumira mtengo, mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya nkhondo. Mawu akuti "kufufuma" anaonekera kulanda chachikulu kachitidwe national ndalama othetsera pepala ndalama. Poyamba, mfundo "kufufuma" chodabwitsa zinaphatikizapo owonjezera ndalama pepala ndi depreciation zawo zina, zimene zinachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka mu mitengo chofunika.

maganizo

Masiku ano, kufufuma chifukwa cha akonzedwa zovuta zinthu. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti si mwangwiro chodabwitsa ndalama. Ndi umoyo ndale zachuma chodabwitsa. Mlingo wa kufufuma bwanji maganizo onse komanso sayansi chikhalidwe. Choncho, tili ndi zikamera akuti "kufufuma ziyembekezo": kukachitika kuti anthu amafuna kufufuma mwamsanga, izo kwenikweni uka.

Kufufuma kenako kukhala gawo la chuma msika, anathandizidwa ndi zinthu zambiri padziko lonse, kuphatikizapo padziko lonse kusintha chikhalidwe, ndi kachitidwe mitengo, kwafalikira ndi kukula kuchulukitsa kwa kapangidwe ka mankhwala, kusintha ndondomeko mitengo chifukwa chikoka amakampani monopolistic, kuchepetsa mpikisano mtengo. Kuwonjezera dzuwa la ulimi, monga ulamuliro, zikuoneka sangagwelenso mu mitengo ndi kuwonjezeka mu kuŵeta ophunzira ndalama ndi phindu.

Mphamvu ya ukuwonjezeka mtengo - chofunika kapena kukwera mtengo yokha. Kuwonjezeka ndalama boma ndi kuchepekedwa bajeti - ndi mmodzi wa zimayambitsa.

The kufufuma

A khalidwe zikuluzikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa kufufuma. Mlingo kufufuma kuchita masamu zochokera ogula mtengo index, yomwe imafalitsidwa akuluakulu zowerengera. Pofuna kudziwa mlingo kwa nyengo zina za nthawi, ayenera kuchulukitsa kuwerengera index mwezi ndi okwana chokhala. Monga momwe chochitika mbiri, ndi apamwamba mlingo wa kufufuma, zoipa ndi anthu. kufufuma Normal amakhala ndi 5% kuwonjezeka mtengo chaka. Akuthamanga - mpaka 100% kwa chaka, ndipo hyperinflation - zikwi zana pa chaka.

Wongolerani, kapena zokwawa kufufuma zikutanthauza mitengo wotsika. kufufuma amenewa si monga chinthu chodabwitsa. Ena chuma ngakhale kuti ndi wofunika ndipo kumathandiza kuti vuto la zachuma. Limawapatsa mpata kugwira ndi kusintha mtengo wogwira mtima zikhalidwe za mosinthasintha kufunika ndi kusintha chikhalidwe cha zopanga. Wongolerani kufufuma kulola ndalama kukhalabe kufunika khola.

Akuthamanga kufufuma mu chuma amalenga mavuto ambiri, koma kuwuka mu mitengo akhoza ananeneratu. Ndalama mofulumira kwambiri amakhala ndalama kapena katundu. Siteji koyamba amakhala ndi kukula kwa okwanira ndalama, outstripping kuwuka mu mitengo. Pa siteji chachikulu, zinthu zimasintha kwambiri: nyamuka lakuthwa mu mitengo angachititse ngakhale kuwonjezeka pang'ono okwanira ndalama, kuyanga tsintho, tsintho zambiri.

Pamene mitengo hyperinflation chinawonjezeka ndi oposa 300% pa chaka. Komanso payokha kumasula wapamwamba-Hyper-kufufuma, pamene mitengo ndi kuchuluka mwezi uliwonse ndi 50%, koma mlingo kufufuma si malire. Hyperinflation chifukwa kuti ndalama wotaya kufunika kwake kwa ndalama, ndi sitolo ya mtengo ntchito ndi muyeso wa phindu. Luso kukula mitengo ndi wamkulu kwambiri kuposa ndalama kuti ndi kupezeka.

Choncho, zolimbitsa kufufuma ndi chovomerezeka ndi sikutanthauza ntchito zina miyeso kufufuma kukhalabe okhazikika m'dziko.