History of Azerbaijan kuyambira kale mpakana lero

Azerbaijan - Dziko mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Caucasus. zinthu zina zofunika ndi chidwi zikuchitika m'mayiko amenewa. Ndipo ambiri a iwo, ife tikhoza nkhaniyo. Azerbaijan chidzaonekera Tikaona m'mbiri, kuwulula zinsinsi za m'mbuyomo.

Location Azerbaijan

The Republic of Azerbaijan lili kum'mawa kwa South Caucasus. Gawolo liyambire kumpoto kwa Azerbaijan ali kukhudzana ndi la Russia. Kumwera kwa malire dziko ndi Iran kumadzulo - ndi Armenia, kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa - ndi Georgia. Kuchokera kummawa dziko kusamba ndi mafunde a nyanja Caspian.

Grounds Azerbaijan zayamba mofanana ankaimira mapiri ndi zigwa. Zimenezi anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kukula mbiri ya dziko.

nthawi wosazindikira

Choyamba kuphunzira za nthawi amakezana, imene amatilola kuyang'ana mu nkhaniyo. Azerbaijan Anthu akhala kuyambira pa chiyambi cha anthu. Choncho chipilala kwambiri wakale wa Neanderthal kukhala m'dzikolo unalembedwa zaka zoposa oposa 1.5 miliyoni zapitazo.

Malo ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu akale opezeka Azikh ndi Tağlar Cave.

Azerbaijan wakale

Dziko loyamba, limene lili m'dera la Azerbaijan anali Manna. likulu lake inali mmalire a masiku aku Iran Azerbaijan.

Dzina "Azerbaijan" limachokera ku Atropates dzina - kazembe, amene anayamba kulamulira mu Manna pambuyo kugonjetsa kwake Persia. Polemekeza iye dziko lonse ankatchedwa Midia Atropatena kuti pambuyo morphed mu dzina "Azerbaijan".

Mmodzi wa anthu oyambirira okhala Azerbaijan, anali Albania. Izi fuko a banja Nakh-Dagestani a zinenero ndipo anali mofananira masiku ano Lezghins pafupi. Mu zikwi. BC anaonekera Albania boma lawo. Mosiyana Manna, izo inali kumpoto kwa dzikolo. Caucasus Albania amakumana kaŵirikaŵiri ndi zokhumba zolusa wakale Rome, Byzantium, Aparti ndi Iran. Ena nthawi pa m'madera ambiri m'dzikoli anatha kulimbikitsa ndi Chiameniya Mfumu Tigran II.

The IV c. N. e. m'gawo Albania, yomwe mpaka ndiye anali chogwidwa ndi chipembedzo cha m'deralo ndipo Chizorowasita, Christianity anachokera Armenia.

Atalanda Arab

Mu VII a. N. e. chochitika zinachitika, amene anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya deralo. Tikuyankhula zokhudza anagonjetsa Arab. Poyamba, Aluya anagonjetsa ufumu aku Iran, kumene Albania inali m'manja, kenako anapezerapo kuukira Azerbaijan lokha. Pambuyo Aluya anagonjetsa dziko, wapanga wozungulira watsopano wa mbiri yake. Azerbaijan tsopano mpaka kalekale inextricably zogwirizana ndi Islam. Aluya, kuphatikizapo amene ali Caliphate anayamba kuchita ndondomeko mwadongosolo Islamization a m'dera mwamsanga kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. m'matauni kum'mwera kwa Azerbaijan makamaka anakumana Islamization, ndiyeno chipembedzo chatsopano atagonjetsa kumidzi ndi kumpoto kwa dziko.

Koma si choncho n'zosavuta pindani ndi utsogoleli Arab mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Caucasus. The 816 chaka Azerbaijan anayamba zipolowe ukuperekedwa Aluya ndi Islam. Ndinakopeka chotchuka kayendedwe Babak, amene Pamilunguyo chipembedzo wakale Zoroastrian. Thandizo chachikulu cha chiwembu anali amisiri ndi anthu wamba. Kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri, anthu wotsogozedwa ndi Babak anamenyana ndi akuluakulu Arab. Opandukawo ngakhale anakwanitsa kuchotsa midzi ya asilikali Arab ku dera la Azerbaijan. Kupondereza kupanduka, ndi Caliphate anali kulimbitsa magulu awo.

State Shirvanshahs

Ngakhale kuti chiwembu cha idagonjetsedwa, ndi Caliphate wofooka ndi kudutsa chaka. Iye analibe mphamvu, monga kale, kulamulira madera osiyanasiyana a ufumuwo.

Abwanamkubwa gawo wakumpoto wa Azerbaijan (Shirvan), kuyambira zaka 861, anadziwika monga Shirvanshahs ndi kupereka mphamvu zawo kudzera cholowa. Lokha pansi Caliph, koma mfundo olamulira kwathunthu palokha. Patapita nthawi, ngakhale kudalira mwadzina mbisoweka.

Shirvanshakhs likulu poyamba anali Shamakhi, Baku kenako. boma chinakhalapo mpaka 1538, pamene inalowa mu boma Persian Safavid.

Pa nthawi yomweyo kum'mwera kwa dziko panali alternately motsatizana Sajids boma, Salaris, Shaddadis, Ravvadids, amene mwina sakuzindikira mphamvu ya Caliphate konse, kapena anachita izo yokhala okha.

Turkization Azerbaijan

N'kofunika kuti nkhani kuposa Islamization a dera chifukwa anagonjetsa Arab, zinali Turkization chifukwa cha nkhondo ya mafuko osiyanasiyana Turkic woyendayendawu. Koma, motsutsana ndi ndondomeko Islamization anatambasula kwa zaka zingapo. Zikutsindika kufunika kwa chochitika zinthu zingapo zomwe masiku chinenero Azerbaijan ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu amakono a dziko ali ndi chiyambi Turkic.

Yoweyula loyamba la Turkey kuwukira anali nkhondo ya mafuko Seljuk Oguz ku Central Asia, umene unachitika mu zaka za m'ma XI. Iwo anali limodzi ndi chiwonongeko chachikulu ndi chiwonongeko cha anthu akuderalo. Anthu ambiri okhala Azerbaijan kuthawa, anathawira kumapiri. Choncho, m'mapiri a dziko anavutika Turkization osachepera. Apa chipembedzo choposa zipembedzo anali Chikhristu, ndi anthu a Azerbaijan kuti tasokonezeka ndi amene ankakhala m'madera m'phiri Armenia. Pa nthawi yomweyo, otsala mu malo awo, anthu wothira anagonjetsa Turkic analanda chinenero chawo ndi chikhalidwe, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kusunga ndi cholowa chikhalidwe cha makolo awo. Chifukwa kusanganikirana uyu wa fuko linadzatchedwa Azeris m'tsogolo.

Utatha wa boma limodzi la Seljuks m'dera la South Azerbaijan ankalamulidwa Ildegezidov wa anachokera ku Turkey, ndiyeno mwachidule anagwira mayiko amenewa Khwarizmshahs.

Mu zoyambirira za m'ma XIII, ndi Caucasus chinaperekedwa ku mliri Mongol. Azerbaijan anaphatikizidwa boma Hulaguid Mongol mafumu zokha wamakono Iran.

Atagwa mafumu mu 1355 Hulaguid, Azerbaijan kanthawi ndi gawo la dziko la Tamerlane, kenako amakhala mbali ya mabungwe onse Oguz mafuko Kara Koyunlu ndi dera limeneli limatchedwa Koyunlu. Zinali nthawi imeneyi ndi mapangidwe chomaliza cha mtundu Chiazebajani.

Azerbaijan ndi gawo la Iran

Atagwa boma dera limeneli limatchedwa Koyunlu, mu 1501, pa dera la Iran ndi kum'mwera Azerbaijan aumbike wamphamvu boma Safavid ndi pakati pa Tabriz. Kenako likulu unasamutsidwa kwa mzinda aku Iran wa Qazvin ndi Isfahan.

boma Safavid ali ndi makhalidwe onse a ufumu. Makamaka wamakani kulimbana anachita Safavids kumadzulo ndi mphamvu kukula Ufumu wa Ottoman, kuphatikizapo mu Caucasus.

Mu 1538, a Safavids anakwanitsa kugonjetsa dziko la Shirvanshahs. Choncho, pansi pa ulamuliro awo anali m'dziko lonse la Azerbaijan ano. Iran chakhala nawo ulamuliro pa dziko ndi achepetse zotsatirazi - Hotak, Afsharid Mafumu ndi Zand. Mu 1795, Iran ndi Qajar mafumu analamulira chiyambi Turkic.

Ngakhale Azerbaijan kale ogaŵikana khanates ambiri ang'ono, amene anali wamng'ono kwa boma aku Iran.

Yogonjetsa dziko la Azerbaijan ndi ufumu Russian

Ulendo woyamba kukhazikitsa Russian kulamulira madera a Azerbaijan zinalengedwa pansi Peter I. Koma pamene kufalitsa Russian Ufumu wa Caucasus sanagone bwino kwambiri.

zinthu zinasintha kwambiri mu zoyambirira za m'ma XIX. M'kupita kwa awiri Chirasha Persian nkhondo, umene unakhalapo kuchokera 1804 mpaka 1828, a Russian ufumu linalanda pafupifupi m'madera onse a Azerbaijan ano.

Icho chinali chimodzi mwa mfundo kutembenuza, kuti lili ndi mbiri. Azerbaijan kuyambira pamenepo wakhala nthawi yaitali kugwirizana ndi Russia. Ndi kukhala zosakhalitsa mu Russian Ufumu ndiko chiyambi cha mafuta kupanga mu Azerbaijan ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale.

Azerbaijan mu USSR

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma, pakhala zizoloŵezi centrifugal m'madera osiyanasiyana a ufumu wakale Russian. Mu May 1918, palokha Azerbaijan Republic Democratic unakhazikitsidwa. Koma boma wamng'ono sakanakhoza kupulumuka nkhondo ndi Bolsheviks, kuphatikizapo chifukwa zotsutsana mkati. Mu 1920 anathetsa Chilamulocho.

Bolsheviks unakhazikitsidwa Azerbaijan SSR. Poyamba inali mbali ya Federation Transcaucasian, koma mu 1936 anakhala kwathunthu anzawo chilli mu USSR. Likulu la dziko la maphunziro mumzinda wa Baku. Nthawi imeneyi, chitukuko kwambiri ndi mizinda ina ya Azerbaijan.

Koma mu 1991, kugwa kwa Soviet Union zinachitika. Mogwirizana ndi chochitika ichi Azerbaijan SSR unatha.

amakono Azerbaijan

boma Independent linadzatchedwa Republic of Azerbaijan. Pulezidenti woyamba wa Azerbaijan - Ayaz Mutalibov, wakale yemwe kale anali mlembi woyamba wa Komiti ya Party Communist Republican. Pambuyo pake, alternately wotanganidwa malo mutu wa boma Abulfaz Elchibey ndi Heydar Aliyev. Panopa mutsogoleli wa Azerbaijan - mwana otsiriza a, Ilham Aliyev. Ankaganiza malo mu 2003.

Vuto kwambiri pachimake mu masiku ano Azerbaijan - ndi Karabakh nkhondo, umene unayamba mwamsanga mapeto a Soviet Union. Mu njira ya nkhondo wamagazi pakati pa gulu boma la Azerbaijan ndi okhala Karabakh mothandizidwa Armenia, anthu yosadziwika Republic of Artsakh unakhazikitsidwa. Azerbaijan amaona gawo la iwo okha, nkhondo ya nthawi zonse watsopano.

Komabe, n'kosatheka kuona kupambana la Azerbaijan kumanga boma palokha. Ngati m'tsogolo izi patsogolo adzakhala otukuka, chuma cha dziko zotsatira zake zidzakhala chilengedwe cha khama wamba a boma ndi anthu.