Kukhala m'ndende ku Russia, America

Kuletsedwa kwa chilango cha imfa ku Russia kwakhala kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri. Popeza kuti inathetsedwa, kuikidwa m'ndende kunakhala chilango chachikulu cha milandu yolakwa. Poyamba, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha chisankho chimenechi, sipadzakhala malo okwanira akaidi m'ndende za ku Russia. Komabe, mantha awo sanali olondola. Kuchokera mu 1997 mpaka 2015, chilango chonse cha moyo womangidwa m'ndende chinamvekedwa ndi anthu pafupifupi 1,300. Zimakhulupirira kuti omwe aweruzidwa omwe sagwirizane ndi chilango cha mtundu umenewu amakhala osaposa zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Pali zidziwitso pa 15 kudzipha pakati pa mamembala m'zaka 10 zapitazo.

Ndende, komwe zimakhala chilango cha moyo

M'mbuyomu, chilango ichi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi chilango cha imfa - monga chikhululuko. Komanso, kumangidwa kwa moyo kunasinthidwa ndi mawu oopsa - zaka 15 kapena 20 m'ndende. Akaidi akupereka chilango chawo m'ndende zotsatirazi: "Black Dolphin", "Polar Owl", "White Swan", "Vologda Pyatak", "Malo a Mordovia". Inde, mayina onsewa ndi osavomerezeka.

Milandu imene anthu amene amangidwa amachitira

Kulowa m'makonzedwe akale, m'zaka khumi zoyambirira wamndende ali ndi ufulu woyendera maulendo awiri okha ndi achibale ndi kutengerako kamodzi. Msonkhano womwewo ukuchitika pamaso pa alonda, ndipo mkaidi akugawana galasi ndi achibale ake - amatha kulankhulana kudzera pa telefoni. Ngati patapita zaka khumi zoyambirira, palibenso wachibale kapena abwenzi a mkaidiyo, yemwe ali wokonzeka kumuyendera, ndiye kuikidwa kwaufupikukukukukukukuwonjezeranso zina ziwiri, nthawi yomwe ili masiku atatu. Kuwonjezera apo, mkaidi akhoza, kuphatikiza pa phukusi limodzi, amalandira zina ziwiri pa chaka. Muzaka zina makumi awiri, masiku atatu ochepa ndi atatu otalika akuwonjezedwa ku chiwerengero ichi, komanso mapepala ena anayi. Komabe, zowonjezera zonsezi zimachitika mwachindunji.

Chifukwa chiyani sindingapeze zomwe lamulo linalonjeza?

Pali zifukwa zambiri za izi. Choyamba mwa izi ndizofunikira kusunga akaidi kuti akhale ndi moyo. Iwo ali kumalo otetezeka kwambiri. Kuti mulandire maulendo ena onse ndi mwayi wolandira mapepala kuchokera kwa achibale, wamndende sayenera kuphwanya malamulo omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi oyang'anira. Komabe, pakuchita izi n'zosatheka kuchita izi, chifukwa ngakhale milandu yomwe akaidi alibe nthawi yoyeretsa mu selo ikufanana ndi kuphwanya. Ngati kutumikira m'ndende sikupereka moni kwa woyimilira, akhoza kulangidwa chilango.

Kuwonjezera apo, zaka khumi zoyambirira za kumangidwa kwa moyo zitatha, abambo amakhala ndi mabanja atsopano, amayi amakalamba ndi kufa, ndipo ana amaiwala za mkaidiyo. Mwachidziwitso m'ndende zonse, ulamuliro wa tsikuli ndi chimodzimodzi. Pa 6 koloko m'mawa, pamakhala kukwera, pa 10 - kubwerera. M'maŵa, mukulipira ndi kuyeretsa, kadzutsa. Ngati bungweli likuloledwa kugwira ntchito - izi ndizopambana kwa wamndende. Pankhaniyi, ali ndi mwayi wambiri wopewa kuwonongeka kwa maganizo ndi thupi. M'madera ena, kuyang'ana mapulogalamu a TV omwe avomerezedwa ndi oyang'anira akuloledwa. Mu makamera pafupi paliponse paliyeso yamavidiyo. Akaidi akusunthidwa kuzungulira chipindacho ndi maso obisika.

Kuchulukitsitsa kwa anthu m'maselo

Pali chiyeso china chomwe chimagwera gawo la ndende ya moyo ku Russia. Uwu ndi kukhala kwa zaka zambiri ndi anthu omwewo. Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti m'magulu ena, mu selo imodzi, achibale nthawi zambiri amatumikira nthawi: mwachitsanzo, bambo ndi mwana, kapena abale. Mwachitsanzo, pali zipinda zisanu ndi ziwiri zoterezi mu "Black Dolphin" koloni. Ndipo ngakhale patapita nthawi, sitters amawafunsa kuti abwererenso kupeŵa mikangano. Anthu osadziwika amakhalanso ovuta kwa wina ndi mzake kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, nthawi zina amaloledwa kukhala m'ndende kumakhala nthawi yokhala m'ndende. N'zovuta kunena zomwe zimapweteka - tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chaka ndi chaka kuti muwone munthu yemweyo kapena kukhala yekha nthawi zonse.

Vologda Pyatak Colony

Mmodzi wa ndende zodziwika bwino, kumene akaidi akugwira ntchito yawo, ndi ndende yomwe ili ndi dzina losavomerezeka lakuti "Vologda Pyatak". Kwa mbiri ya izi, oweruza ambiri anaphedwa pano. Pali ndende ku Monastro ya Kirillo-Novoozersky pachilumba cha Ognenny m'chigawo cha Vologda.

Malinga ndi nthano, nyumba ya amonkeyi inakhazikitsidwa ndi Monk Cyril Bely, amene adawona chipilala chamoto pamwamba pa chilumbachi. Mu kampando wamakono kachisi womwewo anatengedwa pambuyo pa 1917, pamene anayamba kukhala ndi adani a boma la Soviet. Mu 1994, kundende ya moyo inatsegulidwa apa. Ena mwa anthu okhala m'derali ndi anthu ochita zachiwawa kwambiri: opha anzawo, achigawenga komanso anthu ochimwa. Ogwira ntchito kuntchito sakukhulupirira kuti akhoza kubwezeretsedwa kapena kuwongolera akaidiwa.

Malamulo Omangidwa M'ndende

"Vologda Pyatak" lero ndi ndende imodzi yokhala ndi malamulo opweteka kwambiri. Chinthu chilichonse pano chimachitika pokhapokha chilolezo cha ogwira ntchito. Woweruza ku ndende ya moyo pano sangathe kugwira zochitika zazikulu. Palibe mpikisano, palibe mapulogalamu a TV, palibe maphunziro mu "Vologda Pyatak". Akaidi pano, kupatula kuvutika maganizo, nthawi zambiri amadwala ndi chifuwa chachikulu - muzipatala za m'derali nthawi zonse amakhala odwala 20-30.

Chilumba cha Polar Owl

Chipinda china chodziwika bwino cha kundende kwa moyo wonse ndi chigawo cha Polar Owl colony. Gululi, komwe kumangidwa m'ndende ku Russia, kuli m'dera la Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Pano pali opezeka kuchokera ku zaka za m'ma 70 za m'ma XX. Icho chimatumizanso zigawenga zoopsa - opha anthu ambiri, otsutsa. Gulu lakonzekera akaidi 464. Pano mlanduwo woopsa - Alexander Pichushkin akutumikira chilango chake. Iye amadziwikanso ndi "Beatz maniac," amene adapha 48 anthu osalakwa, pamene adafuna kubweretsa chiwerengero cha anthu 64.

Anthu okhala mmudzimo amavomereza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amamwalira pamtundawu ndi chapamwamba kwambiri. Izi ziyenera chifukwa cha mavuto aakulu a ndende komanso nyengo yovuta. Ndipotu, nyengo yozizira mu zigawo izi imatha miyezi khumi ndi iwiri.

"Black Dolphin" ndi "White Swan" - ndende za akaidi omwe anaweruzidwa kukhala kundende

"Black dolphin" ndi malo owongolera anthu, omwe amatsatira malamulo okhwima kwambiri. Ndipo pali zifukwa izi: Anthu omwe anaweruzidwa kukhala m'ndende chifukwa cha ntchito zoopsa kwambiri akugwira ntchito yawo pano. Gululo linalandira dzina lake chifukwa cha chifaniziro cha dolphin, chomwe chili pachipata chake. Iyo inamangidwa mu 1774 kwa iwo amene anaweruzidwa kugwira ntchito mwakhama masiku onse awo. Kenaka m'ndendemo munali ndende yozunzirako anthu, komanso malo omwe anthu okhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu ankawasunga. Panthawi ina, "Black Dolphin" inali ndende ya NKVD. Tsopano ndi ndende ya moyo m'ndende chifukwa cha wakupha ndi magulu achigawenga. Chithandizo chomwe chili nawo ndi chovuta kwambiri. Kamera ikatsegulidwa, woweruzayo ayenera kukhala pamtundu wotchedwa "Swallow" - agwetse pansi, atambasule manja ake kumbali, atambasule zala zake, atsegule pakamwa pake. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mwamsanga muone kuti mkaidi alibe zinthu zowopsa mkamwa mwake kapena m'manja mwake.

Gulu la "White Swan" limadziwika chifukwa chakuti m'menemo mwaika korona awo ambiri "akuba". Ena amakhulupirira kuti ilo liri ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha makoma ovekedwa mu zoyera. Ena amatsimikiza kuti chifukwa chake chinali statuettes ya swans, yomwe ingapezeke m'dera la koloniyi. Komanso palinso njira yomwe imati: "Ndende Yoyera" imatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha malo omwe akaidi amatha kuyendayenda pamsasawo. Ayenera kugwadira pa ngodya ya madigiri 90 ndikuyika manja awo kumbuyo kwawo. Ochita zigawenga zoopsa amakhalanso kundende muno.

Mbali za lamulo ndi ndondomeko ya kumangidwa kwa moyo

Pali chinthu chochititsa chidwi mu malamulo a Russia. Azimayi, komanso anthu oposa 65, salandira moyo wonse m'ndende. Kukhala m'ndende nthawi zonse kwa amayi ndi chifukwa chomwe nthawi zonse chimayambitsa mikangano yambiri. Pambuyo pake, wina sangathe kunyalanyaza malingaliro oopsa omwe sangathe kulingalira ndi kugonana kapena makhalidwe.

Kukhala m'ndende ku America

M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, pali zikhalidwe zosiyana zokhutira malinga ndi ulamuliro wadera. Mwachitsanzo, kuikidwa m'ndende ku America nthawi zonse kumaphatikizidwa mwachidule. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu akhoza kupatsidwa gawo limodzi, ziwiri, ndi zitatu moyo. Koma njirayi ili ndi mbali yothandiza. Ndipotu, mutatha zaka 30 mutsekeredwa m'ndende, mukhoza kupempha kuti mutulutsidwa msanga. Akaidi omwewo, omwe ali ndi ziganizo zambiri za moyo, sangathe kuchita izi.