Kulumikizana ndi Crimea Russia mu 2014: zinali bwanji?

Kusintha kwa zinthu zambiri zachitika mu dziko mu 2014. Pakuti munthu zapita padera, pamene ena anali chabe zambiri kuwerenga nkhani, kukhala dziko lachitatu nkhondo.

Pakuti anthu Crimea, zinthu zambiri zasintha chaka chino. "The chilumba cha Crimea ndi mzinda Sevastopol n'kukakhala ku Russian Federation" - choncho lidzalira ana ambiri a zotsatira za referendum mu 2014. Zidzakhalire 20, 30, mwina zaka 40. Tsopano, ena adzanena kuti: "Crimea kunyumba", pamene ena azenga: ". Russia wotanganidwa Crimea"

Pasanadutse Kupenda zochitika oyambirira 2014, ndi kumvetsa zimene iwo kupuma Crimeans chaka chimodzi analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia, m'pofunika kupanga ulendo tating'ono zakale ndi kuphunzira mmene angamangire mbiri ya chilumba ndi Russia.

Crimea kusintha mu ulamuliro wa Russian Ufumu

Mu July 1774 anathetsa nkhondo pakati Russia ndi Ottoman. Malinga ndi zotsatira za chiwerengero kuwina wa adachoka mizinda Black Sea, ndipo iwo anapatsidwa ufulu ndi malonda ndi zombo lankhondo m'Nyanja Black. Pa Crimea chilumba anaonekera boma palokha.

Kale mu 1774 zinadziwika kuti inalowa la Russia ku Crimea -, monga iwo amati, nkhani ya nthawi. Koma iye sanali kutsimikiza njira zankhondo ndiponso zandale.

Mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu Russian mu Crimea anabwera Khan Shahin Giray, ndi wolamulira m'mbuyomu ndi gulu lake ankathawira Turkey. Analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia mu 1783 linatsimikizidwa popereka za malonjezano a Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri pa 8 April. Kuyambira pamenepo, zochitika za chilumba ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi Russia.

A History Mwachidule wa Crimea kuchokera 1921 mpaka 1954

Crimea pambuyo analanda dziko kwa Russia mu 1783, anayamba kusintha kwambiri, zomangamanga ndi kupanga ali kusanduka, anasintha zikuchokera mtundu wa anthu.

Pamene Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira ndipo anathetsa Civil nkhondo, Crimea Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic unakhazikitsidwa. Mu XX m'ma anakhalapo pa chilumba: Russian, yomwe nkhani pafupifupi theka la anthu (49.6%), Crimea Chitata (19.4%), Ukrainians (13.7%), Ayuda (5.8%), Germany (4 , 5%) ndi ena (7%).

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kumenyana aukali mu Crimea, zinazake yaitali ndisawazindikire anasintha nkhope ya chilumba ndi khalidwe la anthu ake. M'chaka cha 1944 anayamba ntchito kuti amasule Crimea kwa adani.

M'zaka 1944-1946 Crimea Chitata anawabweza ku chilumba thandizo la Nazi Germany, inakhalapo Crimea dera mkati Russia.

Crimea, Ukraine

Mu 1954, Crimea anali m'gulu la Republic Chiyukireniya. Zinali zomveka ikuyendetsedwa ndi Ubale zachuma ndi chikhalidwe, komanso mgwirizano wa gawo. mauthenga ambiri, njanji ndi njira zodutsa unali olumikizidwa ndi kumtunda kwa Ukraine.

Mu 1989, Union zasintha maganizo boma Crimea Chitata anayamba kubwerera wawo kuti pachilumbachi.

Kumayambiriro 1991, izo unachitikira pa referendum choyamba, zinachititsa mu Crimea kachiwiri analandira ufulu wa kudziyimira pawokha mu SSR Chiyukireniya. Utatha la Soviet Union, Crimea anakhalabe mu boma tsopano wosadalira Ukraine. Kuyambira 1994 mpaka 2014 inatenga Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Kumayambiriro 2014 panali kugwirizana yatsopano ku Crimea Russian.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Mu November 2013 ku likulu Chiyukireniya, ndi zionetsero anayamba. Pulezidenti Viktor Yanukovych kulephereka kusaina kucheza pangano ndi European Union. Zimenezi ndi kuti amasule anthu m'misewu.

Umene unayamba ndi wophunzira misonkhano masewera inakula mwa gulu lamphamvu. Zikwizikwi anthu anakonza chihema mzinda pakati pa Kiev anayamba kutenga maofesi a boma, moto matayala.

Pang'onopang'ono kusonkhana mwamtendere inasanduka kukumana amphamvu pakati zionetserowo ndi apolisi. Panali akuvutika woyamba mbali zonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu chakum'mawa kwa Ukraine ayamba kanthu ku boma alipo, woikidwa mitu yawo ya mzinda ndi mabungwe dera, anagwa zipilala la Soviet Union.

The kulanda boma d'etat ku Ukraine

Mu February 2014 nawo Kiev, lomwe linadzadziŵika euromaidan peaked. Unknown snipers ambiri amene ankachita zionetserozo ndi alonda yazamalamulo anaphedwa. Chitsutso ndi atsogoleri a gulu Zionetsero anapanga chiwembu, Pulezidenti Yanukovych anathawira kunja kwa dzikoli ndi banja lake.

Anayamba kulamulira atsogoleri ovomereza-Western, kudana Russian, Russia, Soviet Union. magulu oletsedwa zida ayamba kusamukira ku Kiev ku zigawo. Pa kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa dziko ayamba yaikulu kubwezera choipa nkhondo boma latsopano.

Crimea: ku ziwonetsero pa referendum ndi

mavutowo kwachititsa Crimea boma Chiyukireniya kuti mukufunika kudziwa mapeto ao mu February 2014. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma latsopanolo mu Ukraine anatanthauza kuswa mbiri, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe kugwirizana ndi chilumba Russian. magulu bwino osagwirizana ndi mwamakani analankhula kusintha Kiev pa Russian, kuphatikizapo anthu a ku Crimea.

Mu Sevastopol, Simferopol, Kerch ndiponso mizinda ina anayamba pokwiya ndi mphamvu zatsopano mu Kiev, kupondereza chinenero cha Chirasha, ndi imposition wa mbiri yake, kubera mbali zida euromaidan aukali, kuwononga zipilala Soviet-nyengo. M'pofunika Komabe, kunena kuti gawo la anthu a Crimea anathandiza atsogoleri amene anayamba kulamulira mu masewera ambiri pakati pa likulu Chiyukireniya. Mu pangano ambiri ndi boma latsopanolo anasonyeza Crimea Chitata.

Kuteteza mfundo zawo, chikhalidwe, moyo ndi chitetezo cha anthu a Crimea analengeza cholinga kukachititsa referendum, zomwe kudziwa chifuniro cha ambiri a nzika za pachilumbachi: kukhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Ukraine kapena kuti agwirizane Russia.

Kukonzekera, kukhazikitsa ndi zotsatira za referendum cha 2014

Deti la referendum pa tsoka la Crimea anauika kuti 25 May. Ngakhale pa chilumba cha kunachitidwa maphunziro ochuluka mu Ukraine, United States ndi ku Ulaya takambirana akuphwanya malamulo chotero referendum, anati pasadakhale sanali kuzindikira zotsatira zake.

Kenako, pa maziko a akuchulukirachulukira akhala mavuto mu Ukraine voti tsiku ilo linali kulephereka kwa March 16 kale. Anthu mu Crimea anasonyeza ntchito kwambiri ndi turnout kuposa 80% ya anthu. Crimeans kudziwa referendum kwambiri. Sinali tsiku la analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia, koma tsopano ndi tsiku March 16 akuitanidwa holide pa pachilumbachi.

Kale zotsatira analengeza pa March 17. Crimea anthu anakuvoterani yogwirizanitsa ndi Russia. Ndipo March 21 ndipo anavomereza ndi kusainidwa m'lamulo imene mwalamulo zinachitika inalowa Russia kwa Crimea ndi Sevastopol.

Russian asilikali Crimea

Mu mochedwa yozizira ya 2014 pa Crimea chilumba, kayendedwe yogwira anthu yunifolomu zinali kuonekera. Policy, mozemba analandira mphamvu mu Kiev, pomwepo mlandu Russia a mokwiya asilikali. Nayenso Russia wakana pamaso pa asilikali ake pa chilumba, koma mayunitsi othandiza malinga ndi pangano pakati Russia ndi Ukraine.

Kenako, asilikali, amene anapanga redeployment pa chilumba cha, unadziwika ngati "amuna wobiriwira" ndi "anthu aulemu".

Izo ziyenera kuti Ukraine watipatsa mpaka utsogoleri wa Autonomous Republic polenga zinthu chifuniro cha anthu. Ndipo, chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chimadalira Russian asilikali, amene anali woyenera kukhala pa chilumba cha inalowa Crimea ku Russia zinachitika mwamtendere.

Mafunso kumbali ya disconnecting Crimea ku Ukraine

Ukraine ndi ogwirizana ake yomweyo ananena zochita oletsedwa a boma la Crimea ndi Russia. The zotsatira za referendum ndi mfundo za msonkhano, monga atsogoleri a mayiko ambiri ali oletsedwa. EU mayiko ndi United States sanazindikire analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia ndi kupitiriza kunena kuti chilumba chili pansi ntchito yake.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, analimbikitsa zokhumba n'zosemphana mu Kiev, ndi Komanso akuluakulu a United States ndi ku Ulaya anakumana ndi olimbikitsa euromaidan ndipo ngakhale analangiza atsogoleri awo.

Kulengeza za referendum mu Crimea linapangidwa boma yovomerezeka mabwalo yoyenda yokha. Turnout m'malo ogulitsira loponya anaonetsa chidwi cha anthu tipanga moyo zina za chilumba mu akuchuluka mavuto azachuma ku Ukraine ndi dziko. Ambiri, pa 90% anavota, anakuvoterani ndi inalowa la Crimea kwa Russia.

malamulo adziko lonse lapansi akusonyeza kuthekera kwa anthu a dera, kusankha tsogolo lawo. Ndipo anthu a Crimea wapangidwa. The kudziyimira pawokha wa dziko la mkati Ukraine analola boma kulengeza referendum, ndipo ndicho chimene chinachitika.

Miyezi pambuyo referendum ndi

Nyengo yosintha zovuta anapatsidwa okhala pachilumbachi. Analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia mu 2014 - mosakayikira zofunika kwambiri pa mbiri zinachitika m'moyo wa dziko lonse. Koma chimene chakhala ndipo adzakhala moyo wa anthu Crimea m'tsogolo?

Mu March-April 2014 chilumba anayamba tsekani mabizinesi ndi mabanki anasiya malipiro pa makadi ndi pa ofesi bokosi. Chiyukireniya amalonda ndi pochoka chuma chawo.

Anayamba kusowa kwa madzi komanso magetsi, kuchuluka ulova komanso ima pamzere zolemba kachiwiri kulembetsa si osangalala pa moyo wa Crimeans. Mu April ndi May pa chilumba yoweyula woyamba othawa ku kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Ukraine, kumene asamenyane mfuti asilikali Kiev akuluakulu Lugansk ndi Donetsk m'madera.

Monga miyezi ingapo anayamba kuzindikira am'deralo kujowina Crimea kwa Russia? Reviews anali anthu osiyana kwambiri. Wina anapereka ululu ndi mantha chifukwa cha zinthu akuchuluka zachuma. Ena akhala okonzeka kupita pamodzi njira osankhidwa kudzera vuto lililonse. Moyo anasintha chilumba osati m'madera onse a bwino, koma Crimeans azisangalala ndi kusintha.

Sitinadziwe anasintha foni manambala si kuchotsedwa makope a hryvnia, sanalandira mbale latsopano chilolezo kwa magalimoto, koma kulikonse akukupiza galu mbendera.

Monga Crimeans anakumana Chatsopano 2015

Analanda dziko la Crimea kwa Russia mu 2014 anawonjezera kuvutanganitsidwa ndi zokumana nazo pa moyo wa anthu zakwawoko. Izi nkhawa aliyense anali anaona Chaka Chatsopano anapita. M'mizinda, ambiri anadula magetsi ndi mitengo madzi mkuuka komanso chotipinga ntchito ayi koma analenga, ambiri adzakhala maholide wodzichepetsa: ntchito - palibe ndalama.

Kale pafupifupi chaka, monga malo a inalowa Crimea ku Russia. Maganizo adakali osiyana. Koma apa ndi apo mukhoza ndikumva kuitana: ". Ayi, Nowa, adzapulumuka"
Mu 2015, Crimea anthu akuyembekezerabe kwambiri kusintha, koma iwo aphunzira kukhala oleza mtima. Chinthu chachikulu ndi monga ambiri a iwo - ndi bata, amene amalola popanda kuopa za m'tsogolo.

Russia pambuyo analanda dziko la Crimea

Asayansi ambiri andale, chuma, amalonda ndikuganiza: inalowa ku Russian Crimea ndalama dziko ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuti anali otchipa kumbuyo chilumba ku Ukraine. The ziletso, omwe anakhala Mlengi wa United States, pofika chilimwe cha 2014 anayamba kufika mu ntchito makampani Russian. Destabilize chuma cha charo.

Ngakhale makampani akuluakulu amakakamizidwa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mankhwala mogwirizana ndi zimene ndi kuchepetsa ogwira ntchito, kutanthauza kuti adzauka pa ulova kudutsa dziko.

The US wakhala mothandizidwa ndi ambiri m'mayiko EU. ziletso zonse omangika, Russia akuimbidwa mlandu wa ntchito wa Crimea ndi thandizo yogwira asilikali a South-East a Ukraine. Kyiv akuluakulu zonse mawu zokhudza kukhala asilikali zonse Russian pa malire awo mwayekha.

Europe ndi United States amafuna kudzipatula Russian chuma ndi misika ndalama kubweretsa pansi, kuti iye kusewera ndi malamulo awo. Koma sikuti muli kulamulira, dziko lili ndi amene angakuthandizeni zofunika, chuma akuyamba kuloza ku misika yatsopano.