Kumasulidwa kwa Odessa mu 1944. April 10 - tsiku la anamasulidwa Odessa

Ntchito ya Odessa unatenga masiku 907. Panthawi imeneyi, kupha zikwizikwi wamba ndi asilikali. Ambiri zinakakamizika kuthaŵa osati kwa adani, komanso anthu amene anatenga mbali ya mdani, ndipo anakhudzidwa milandu misa ndi nzika wamba.

Kumasulidwa kwa Odessa kuloledwa kutha zimene Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo lapansi. Zinachitika March-April 1944 ndipo anapatsidwa dzina Odessa ntchito kuti anali mbali ya gulu amanyansidwa la asilikali Soviet.

Odessa opareshoni

Kuchititsa ntchito asilikali 3 Chiyukireniya kutsogolo, mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu zina. Iye analamula RJ Malinowski. Cholinga cha ntchito anali kugonjetsa magulu ankhondo a gulu m'mphepete mwa nyanja yonena pakati pa Bug Kumwera ndi Dniester. Ndipo kumasula Black Sea gombe ndi mzinda wa Odessa. Ndikuchititsa Dnieper-Carpathian amanyansidwa 12/24/1943 pa 17/04/1994. Tsiku yomenyera wa Odessa analowa imeneyi nagonjetsa Soviet.

The vuto pamaso opaleshoni

Odessa linatengedwa mu October 1941, German-Romania asilikali. Ndi January 1944, Red Army anayamba kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi zimene lamulo German anaganiza kuthetsa Odessa Romania oyendetsa ulowe mumzindawo asilikali ake. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kumangidwa misa ndiponso kunyongedwa. Pa mitengo mitengo anapachika matupi a anthu kwa masiku angapo.

kumasulidwa Odessa anali wopangidwa zikomo zotheka chakuti Red Army anatha kuti kugombe la Bug Kumwera n'kuulanda akuwoloka German. Pakuti Wehrmacht kugwira doko Odessa unali wofunika kwambiri njira, chifukwa ndi thandizo lake kulankhulana ndi Crimea azikhala.

Tsiku yomenyera wa Odessa anali mwayi kupyolera chilengedwe cha wamphamvu German chitetezo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo ntchito wakale chitetezo a asilikali Soviet, amene mu 1941 anatha mzindawu miyezi iwiri ndi theka pakhomo kwa mdani wake.

mphamvu za zipani

kumasulidwa Odessa kunali kofunika kwambiri kwa Soviet Union, ngati izo zikanakhala kumana Germany n'zotheka zotumiza mphamvu zawo kudzera pa doko. ntchito asilikali za 470 zikwi ankagwira. Mu lawo anali akasinja oposa 400 komanso mfuti kudziletsa injini, 12,000 mfuti mortars, kuposa ndege 400. Ambiri mwa anthu ndi zida a 3 Chiyukireniya Front.

kumasulidwa Odessa a sanakhoze kulepheretsa asilikali a ku Germany ndi ku Romania, amene ayesetsa kuteteza izo. Chiwerengero cha asilikali anali pafupi 350 zikwi asilikali. Iwo anali gawo la magulu a German ndipo Rumanian. Chifukwa iwo anatenga akasinja luso 160 ndi zipangizo, zikwi oposa atatu a mortars ndi zipolopolo. Ndege inkakhala 400 German ndege ndi 150 ndege Romania.

Kwa asilikali a chitetezo chachikulu anayamba magombe mtsinje (waukulu Kumwera Bug ndi Dniester, ang'ono Tiligul ndi ena). The Center ndi yachitetezo ndi Odessa lenilenilo, limene nyumba "Mfumu ya linga."

Kukangana za Red Army ku Wehrmacht anali anaikira motere:

• mu Odessa, Nikolaev, Berezovka anaika akasinja ndi zida zankhondo;
• m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, kumalo, mathamandawa ili oyenda;
• pa magombe a kumadzulo kwa Bug Kumwera ndi kuzungulira Odessa minefields ndi zopinga zinalengedwa.

zochitika zazikulu

Kumasulidwa kwa Odessa mu 1944 anayamba ndi kukakamiza la Southern Bug Mtsinje. Magulu ankhondo 3 Chiyukireniya Front, anali kukumanizana magulu ankhondo a Wehrmacht ndi Romania. Mlungu woyamba wa March asilikali Soviet anali kufika ku gombe la mtsinje. Ndi March 18 anayamba ulendo wa Bug Southern, umene unachitika mwachilungamo mofulumira ndipo zinatha 28. Mwa ichi kuti zimene dziko la Germany sanali okonzeka, ndipo asilikali Chiyukireniya anapezerapo palibe pasadakhale zochepa mofulumira southwards.

Nditabwerera ku tsidya la mtsinje, asilikali Soviet tsiku lomwelo anamasulidwa Nikolaev. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti asilikali German anakakamizidwa kuyamba mthunzi, ndi kumasula Odessa kwa adani lopondereza anakhala vuto kwenikweni.

Pofika kumayambiriro April, mdani unazunguliridwa, kunatheka chifukwa poganiza kulamulira siteshoni USSR Osiyana ndi Ochakov.

Ndi April 9, asilikali Soviet anaonekera kumpoto m'maboma a Odessa. Usiku wa pa 9 ndi 10 April unachitikira usiku kumenya mu mgwirizano ndi partisans m'derali ndipo m'mawa mzindawo unali ukapolo. kuukira kenako anapita ku kumadzulo, ku mbali ya Dniester.

Chiyukireniya Front anatha pochitika kumanzere mtsinje wa Dniester Mtsinje ndi kumasula Transnistria, Moldova. Pa nthawi imeneyi Germany wataya pafupi 37,000 asilikali ena amene anaphedwa pankhondo, ndipo ena analandidwa.

Masiteji za ufulu wa Odessa dera

Kumasulidwa kwa Odessa mu 1944 sizinkachitika ku mzinda. Ku German-Romania ankhondowo kumatha m'dera lonse.

Masiteji yomasulira m'dera:

1. Pa March 5 mpaka 22 unachitikira uman-botoşani mseru zinachititsa anali atathamangitsidwa m'mayiko kumpoto Odessa.
2. Kuchokera March 6 mpaka 18 kumapeto kwa Bereznegovatoe Snigirevskaya-ntchito wakhala anawoloka Kumwera Bug. Odessa anayamba ntchito, umene unachitika ku March 28 10 April. Kenako August anabwera mwatsatanetsatane kaye tingalimbanirane.
3. 20 mpaka 29 August mu Iasi-Kishinev ntchito n'kuyambiranso Izmail dera, zomwe ndi mbali ya Odessa lero.

Kumasulidwa kwa mzinda

Ife tikudziwa kale kuti April 10 - tsiku yomenyera wa Odessa. Kuti zonsezi zitheke, khama lingamutsatire apangidwa. Mdani anali wokhoza kupanga yachitetezo, ntchito zovuta zachilengedwe mtunda, ngozi madzi. Komanso, pa nthawi iyi anali losaneneka nyengo, zomwe akulephera kupeza kumzinda panjira.

Anayamba njira kumzinda kwa 4 April. asilikali Soviet anawoloka magawo ngozi zonse madzi, imene inali Tiligul, Adzhalskogo, Big Adzhalskogo mitsinje. Ndi April 9 mbali anafika kumalire a kumpoto kwa mzinda, ndi kuukira inayamba mu Odessa, umene unachitikira imodzi ndi dziko, nyanja ndi mlengalenga.

Pamene alonda anapita mu gawo la Odessa, anayamba nkhondo oopsa kwa m'nyumba iliyonse yomwe inatenga usiku onse. Ndi m'mawa wa April 10 kumenyana anafika chapakati m'misewu. Kukazikoloŵeka pa sewero la nyumba mbendera ya Red Army wakhala chizindikiro cha zimene mzinda anamasulidwa. Pa mtengo wa opaleshoni, panali asilikali akufa ndi anthu wamba omwe sadathe kuona nkhondo yake yomaliza pa Fascism.

malo losaiwalika Odessa

Odessa ndi kumasulidwa (April 10, 1944) umaonekera mabuku ambiri, Maulendo, mabuku. Mu mzinda muli zipilala ambiri ndipo zikumbutso anadzipereka ku mwambo umenewu.

zowoneka Major ndi malo awo:

• RJ chipilala Malinowski mu paki pa msewu wa Chiwalitsiro;
• achikumbutso "Kupambana Mapiko" pa Square pa 10 April;
• malo losaiwalika (Melnitskaya Street Omanga 31), kumene chaka 04.09.1944 partisans anagonjetsa ndime ya asilikali German;
• malo losaiwalika (msewu wa Chiwalitsiro, nyumba 77), kumene 02/03/1944, n'kufa VD Avdeev;
• misa manda (Tiraspol khwalala) asilikali khumi amene anafa pa kumasulidwa kwa 04.10.1944, mzinda pamodzi ndi mkulu wake Gavrikov;
• manda misa ndi obelisk (Shkodova Mountain) pokumbukira akuvutika 56 fascism, amene anaponya kuthawa Chilango 09.04.1944 zaka;
• MM manda Zoipa pa paki fairground.

misewu Odessa mu ulemu wa liberators ndi

April 10 (tsiku la anamasulidwa Odessa) kwa losaiwalika ambiri moyo wonse. Pofuna kulemekeza chikumbukiro cha liberators kwa mzinda, misewu dzina pambuyo pawo.

Mayina a asilikali, polemekeza ndani dzina lake m'misewu Odessa:

• VD Avdeev-Black (Kiev dera);
• MI Nedelin (Kiev dera);
• VD Tsvetayev (Ilichevsky dera);
• II Shvygin (mwanyanja dera);
• IA Pliev (Ilichevsky dera);
• NF Red (Kiev dera);
• VI Chuykov (Kiev dera).