Kupanga bwino: mawonekedwe, ndondomeko ndi mawerengedwe

Kupereka malo a m'mudzi wakumidzi kumidzi kapena malo omwe ali ndi madzi okwanira ndi ntchito yoyamba ndi yofunikira kwa mwiniwake aliyense, popeza chitonthozo cha moyo chimadalira izi. Kawirikawiri, chitsime chimakulungidwa chifukwa chaichi. Koma momwe mungapezere pa siteji yoyamba, kodi padzakhala madzi okwanira m'tsogolomu?

Zizindikiro za dziwe

Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Zomwe zimayendera bwino. Izi ndi izi:

• Kuchita;
• Diameter;
• Kuzama;
• Lembani.

Kuti mumvetse bwino momwe zimakhalira, m'pofunikira kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka chitsime. Tsatanetsatane wa ndondomekoyi ikuthandizani kudziwa ngati kumwa madzi kungaperekedwe osati kumangomwa kokha, komanso zofuna zachuma mokwanira. Kuonjezera apo, mlingo wa mlingo woyendetsera gombe udzakuthandizani kusankha bwino zipangizo zamapope popatsa madzi madzi pamwamba.

Komanso, kudziwa kuchuluka kwake kwa magetsi akuthandizira ogwira ntchito yokonzanso kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yobwezeretsedwerako pokhapokha ngati ali ndi mavuto ogwira ntchito.

Zolemba zadongosolo

Kutsimikiza kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka mbewu kudzapangitsa kufotokozera kukula kwake, zomwe zingakhale:

• Mpaka 20 m³ / tsiku (zochepa zokolola kapena zochepa).
• Oposa 20 m³ / tsiku, koma osachepera 85 (pafupifupi zokolola).
• Kuchokera pa 85 m³ / tsiku ndi zambiri (apamwamba).

Malodebitnye - chingwe chosazama (mpaka mamita 5), chomwe chinangokhala pamwamba. Kuchuluka kwa madzi mwa iwo kawirikawiri ndi kochepa, ndipo khalidwe ndilokayika kwambiri, chifukwa apa chinyezi chimachokera pamwamba. Ngati pali misewu yayikulu yamagalimoto kapena sitimayi pafupi, ndiye kuti madzi osokonezeka , akudutsa dothi laling'ono, samatsukidwa mokwanira, chifukwa chake iwo sali oyenera kumwa. Kukula kwa mtundu uwu wazitsulo ndikokwanira ndipo kungayambike kuchokera 0,6 mpaka 1.5 m ³ pa ora.

Kawirikawiri madzi a madzi amafika pozama mamita 10 mpaka 20. Madzi omwe ali mmenemo amawasindikizidwa bwino, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro a labotale, choncho amatha kumwa ngakhale mawonekedwe opangira. Ola lililonse kuchokera ku thupi la madzi mumatha kutulutsa 2 mamita ³ chinyezi. Mitengo yapamwamba yopangira mavitamini nthawi zambiri imatha kufika ku laimu yamadzi, kotero ubwino wa madzi mwa iwo ndi wabwino kwambiri, ndalamazo zimachokera ku 3 mamita ³ koloko.

Kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi okwanira

Kuti mudziwe momwe madzi akufunira pa malo enieni, muyenera kuwerengera nambala ya granesi osati mkati mwa nyumba, komanso kunja kwake. Chombo chilichonse chimakhala pafupifupi mamita 0.5 m³. Mwachitsanzo, ma valve asanu amapereka madzi 2.5 m³ a madzi, 7 - 3.5 m³, ndi zina zotero. Koma izi ndi pamene magalasi amatseguka.

Pambuyo pachitsime ndikukhala ndi masiku angapo, m'pofunika kuyesa mlingo wa madzi muipi yopangira. Mlingo wa galasi la madzi musanayambe kupopera umatchedwa ziwerengero, ndipo mutatha kupopera - mwamphamvu. Ngati kutayika kwa madzi kukufanana ndi kukula kwake, galasilo lidzaima pamtunda wina. Koma ngati madzi akuwonjezeka akuwonjezeka (kuchepa) kapena kuthamanga kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa (kwakukulu), kalilole akhoza kusintha mlingo wake.

Kuyeza kwa ntchito

Chitsimikizo cha ntchito yayitali ya hydraulic engineering ndi ntchito yake yoyenera. Pachifukwachi, nkofunika kuthetsa vuto la madzi osachepera 3-4 pa chaka. Izi zimachitidwa mwachidule: kwa nthawi inayake nthawi iliyonse yamagetsi yodzaza. Ngati kukhuta kwake muyeso yotsatirayi kumachitika nthawi yofanana - kutsika kwake kumakhalabe kofanana, kutanthauza kuti gwiritsiridwa ntchito moyenera.

Kuonjezera nthawi yodzaza chombocho kumasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi a anthu kwatsika. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli mosavuta ndikuyenera kutero, ndikofunikira kulembetsa deta yomwe ilipo, kupanga, mwachitsanzo, tebulo, ndipo miyeso yokhayo iyenera kuchitika panthawi yomweyi.

Kuwerengedwa kwa

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti mumayenda bwino? Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro za mndandanda wa mphamvu ndi zowerengera. Kuyeza izo ndi zophweka: muyenera kulumikiza katundu ku chingwe ndikuchichepetsa mu chitoliro. Mtunda wa galasi la madzi kuchokera pansi ndilo gawo loyenera.

Pangani miyeso musanayambe kutulutsa madzi ndipo patatha nthawi inayake kuyambira pachiyambi cha kupopera. Zing'onozing'ono zomwe chiwerengerocho chinapezekanso, zimapanga zokolola za gombe. Ngati kutsika kwa chitsime kuli kochepa kusiyana ndi kupopera kwa mpope, kusiyana kwa ntchito kumakhala kotheka kwambiri. Motero, chiŵerengero cha chiwerengero ndi mtunda wa madzi kuchokera m'nthaka pamwamba pa chiyambi cha kupopera, ndipo kukula kwake ndikulingalira kwa msinkhu wa malo a galasi la madzi opangidwa ndi njira yachirengedwe.

Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi

Ataphunzira nthawi imene madziwo anaponyedwa ndi kuchuluka kwake, n'zotheka kupitiriza ndi ziwerengero zofunika. Kwa ichi, kuwerengetsa molondola masamu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zidzakhala zotheka kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino chitsime ndi zotsatirazi:

• Nth, Nd - zowerengera komanso zovuta.
• H ndi kutalika kwa chigawo cha madzi.
• B ndi mphamvu ya chipangizo chopopera.
• D ndi debit.

Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa dongosololo palokha:

• Д = H x В: (Нд - Нст), mita.

Ndi bwino kumvetsetsa momwe mungapangire kuchuluka kwa mlingo wa chitsime, kulingalira kwa chitsanzo chapadera kudzakuthandizani.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Deta ya Nst ndi 30 mamita.
• Deta ya Nd ndi 37 mamita.
• Kutalika kwa chigawo cha madzi ndi mamita 20.
• Mphamvu ya unit yopopera ndi 2 mamita ³ / h.

Timawerengera: 20 x 2: (37 - 30) ndikupeza pafupifupi 5.7m ³ / h.

Pofuna kuyesa chiwerengerochi, mungagwiritse ntchito mayesero kupopera pogwiritsa ntchito mpope waukulu. Kupanga chiwerengero cha pamwambapa, tikhoza kupitiriza kufotokozera ndondomekoyi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa momwe machitidwe amachulukira ndi kuchuluka kwa magulu amphamvu. Njira yotsatira ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera:

• UE = d2 - d1: n2 - n1, kumene
  D2, ___ zizindikiro za cheke yachiwiri,
  D1, n1 - yoyamba,
  Ndipo UE ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni.

Pachifukwa ichi, chizindikiro choyimira ndicho chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza zokolola za chitsime. Zimadalira mphamvu ya aquifer ndi mapangidwe aipiipi.

Kusintha kwa chizindikiro

Ngati ntchito yamadzi imayamba kuchepa zokolola pakapita nthawi, mlingo wa madziwo ukhoza kuwonjezeka mwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira imodzi zotsatirazi:

• Sambani fyuluta ndi chitoliro.
• Onetsetsani kuti zipangizo zothamanga zimagwirira ntchito.

Nthawi zina izi zimathandiza kubwezeretsa zokolola za gombe ndikusintha njira zowonjezereka. Ngati chiwerengero cha kupanga bwino sichinali choyambira kuyambira pachiyambi, ndiye chifukwa chake mwina pangakhale kanyumba kakang'ono ka madzi mumtundu uno kapena osadziŵa bwino a ambuye amene anachititsa kuti pasakhale cholowetsa mkati mwa aquifer. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yokhayo yotulukira ndikukankhira chitsime china.