Kupeza benzene

Pali njira zingapo mafakitale ndi zasayansi ya benzene, amene zimasiyana malinga ndi zimene tinachita amasankhidwa monga chuma ndi poyambira. Current mankhwala kupanga ngati zimenezi zikumasonyeza likukhudza mankhwala osiyanasiyana zonunkhira, monga coke uvuni mafuta opangidwa pa coking wa malasha. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi osiyanasiyana khala phula tuzigawo twa inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka distillation wa mafuta.

Coking khala - lalikulu ndondomeko sitepe makampani zitsulo, m'pofunika kupeza coke. Osada kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane luso onse, ozikidwa pa yokonza benzene, zitakwaniranso kunena kuti Pankhaniyi aumbike mwa sitepe, pamene khala ndi linakwiriridwa ndi mankhwala kuwonongeka ndi coke ndi volatiles makamaka - coke uvuni mpweya. Mu nthunzi ake ndi khala phula. Pamene mpweya izi umadutsa dongosolo condenser, pali kulekana kwa zinthu kupanga izo. Pambuyo elektrofiltrovaniya coke uvuni mpweya kale lili ndi awiri a mankhwala organic kuphatikizapo benzene. kukonzekera Izi zipangitsa benzene zipatso zake mu mawonekedwe yaiwisi pafupifupi wofanana ndi makilogalamu 10-11 pa tonne wa malasha youma.

Malasha phula imaperekanso kupeza benzene. Technology pano ndi amatikumbutsa njira imene imachitika kupeza benzene ku coke uvuni mpweya. Mfundo ndi, kuti palokha khala phula - m'malo lovuta zikuchokera chigawo chisakanizo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala onunkhira organic. Komanso, ngakhale lero, zikuchokera pawiri si asanamvetsetse, ndipo Motero tidamkhazika kuli oposa 500 (!) Zigawo. Processing luso ndi ndondomeko awiri gawo kulekana utomoni mu tuzigawo twa osiyana. Chifukwa chaichi aliyense wa iwo pansi pa zochita za alkalis kuchotsa mbali acidic. The zolimba chifukwa inakhazikitsidwa - anthracene ndi naphthalene, komanso kuunika, amene m'gulu kapangidwe ndi benzene.

makampani kufalitsa kupeza benzene mu mawonekedwe yaiwisi, otchedwa yosakongola benzene. Kuti mupeze pawiri wangwiro, benzene yosakongola ayenera kutsukidwa ku mankhwala a sulfa. Mu ndondomekoyi kusiyanitsa mbali ziwiri. Woyamba amapezeka kuchotsa yoyenera zosafunika sulfure, ndi wachiwiri anapambulwa osakaniza lidzayeretsedwa ndi distillation. Chimodzi mwa zinthu udani umenewu adzakhala benzene.

Gwero lalikulu la aromatics zosiyanasiyana ndi mafuta. N'chifukwa chake masiku ano kupanga benzenes lolunjika pa mankhwala.

Benzene anali olekanitsidwa kuchokera acetylene. Nkhanizi m'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino ndi mpweya, ndi colorless, pafupifupi insoluble m'madzi, ndi opepuka kuposa mpweya. Pakati pa katundu mankhwala mpweya amatha polymerize, choncho ntchito makampani yopangira benzene ku acetylene. Njira imeneyi ndi zingamuthandize kwambiri pamaso pa kulenga ndi kukhalabe zinthu za mankhwala anachita. Mfundo yakuti acetylene, palokha, ndi zachiwawa kwambiri, chifukwa ntchito makampani kumafuna kufunika kutsatira malangizo okhwima sayansi ndi zipangizo zina zapadera, makamaka kutentha zosagwira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamaso kupeza acetylene ku benzene, kukwaniritsa kutentha okwanira 400 C ndi kuligwira pamaso pa graphite. Njira imeneyi anali akufuna mu 1866 ndi French sayansi M. Berthelot Komabe, mankhwala zokolola ochepa kwambiri. Choncho, sayansi lero ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya catalysts ndi mofulumira anachita ndi kukula zokolola za benzene koyera.

M'mikhalidwe choyezera, benzene nthawi simudalandira, koma ngati koma muyenera likutuluka, ndi alloying njira ntchito asidi benzoic asidi ndi soda. The chifukwa cha anachita izi benzene.