Cyanide ndi chiyani? Cyanides ndi zotsatira zawo pa thupi la munthu

Mu 1945 inasindikizidwa buku "othwanima Cyanide" ndi Agatha Christie. The ofufuza kunapezeka kusangalala ndi chidwi. Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa zimenezo cyanide kulibe. Nanga mankhwala ali ndi mmene thupi la munthu?

cyanide ndi chiyani?

Cyanide - kalasi zipangizo mkulu-ntchito, zimene zingawononge thupi. Mu mawu ena, amawononga. kawopsedwe awo mosavuta ukugwirizana ndi kungasokoneze ena mwa zigawo zawo mu kupuma ma. Nayenso akusokoneza lonse chamoyo. maselo chabe kusiya ntchito. Zitatha izi machitidwe zofunika kwambiri m'thupi Kusiya ntchito, ndipo pali pathological chikhalidwe lalikulu, nthawi zambiri itha imfa.

Nanga cyanide? Choyamba, ndi ena ofanana asidi hydrocyanic. Dongosolo la cyanide potaziyamu ndi losavuta: KCN. Kwa nthawi yoyamba nkhaniyi wakhala analandira ndi German sayansi Robert Vilgelmom Bunzenom. Komanso, wasayansi zachitika njira zambiri ndi mafakitale kaphatikizidwe ake. Izi zinachitika mu 1845.

Ena mwa katundu wa nkhani

Potaziyamu cyanide ndi ufa woyera ndi eg crystalline. mankhwala ndi bwino sungunuka m'madzi. poizoni ali ndi fungo achilendo, koma mukhoza kumva pafupifupi 50% ya anthu lathuli. Tikumbukenso kuti cyanide potaziyamu ndi osakhazikika mankhwala. Iwo oxidized mu njira munali shuga, ndi mlingo okwanira chinyezi.

Komanso si zachilendo, ndipo ndi sodium cyanide. Dongosolo la thunthu: NaCN. Sodium cyanide ndi woyera dongo, ufa, phala kapena timibulu hygroscopic. thunthu ndi wosakhazikika. Amasungunula mofulumira mu madzi ndi menthol. Palokha, sodium cyanide si flammable. Komabe, pamene anakumana ndi wothandizila lonyowa mpweya amapanga mpweya, umene uli flammable. Mu kuyaka ndi sodium cyanide allocates fumes poizoni ndi chomveka. Angathe kuyambitsa poyizoni kwambiri. Komanso volatiles mitundu cyanides ndi hydrolysis.

Cyanide zomera

Kodi cyanide anamvetsa. Koma momwe izo opangidwa ndi chiyani? Cyanide amapangidwa osati mwa kupanga. zinthu izi zimapezeka mu chirengedwe. Izi kumaonjezera ngozi ya poizoni mwadala kapena mwangozi. chiphe akhoza kuwapeza zina chakudya komanso zomera mankhwala. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kudziwa magwero onse cyanide.

Mndandanda wa zakudya oopsa monga Lima nyemba, amondi ndi chinangwa. Komanso, cyanide ali mafupa a peyala, maula, apurikoti, chitumbuwa, pichesi ndi ngakhale maapulo. Poizoni likugwiritsidwanso pokha pokha anthu pamene thupi akulandira yambiri ya mankhwala oopsa. Pachiopsezo ndi anthu amene ali ndi mbali yapadera.

Ntchito cyanide

njira Cyanide ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri. zinthu izi chotchuka ntchito kupanga pepala, pulasitiki ndi nsalu mitundu ina. Childs, poizoni alipo anthu ambiri reagents kuti ntchito kusonyeza zithunzi. Mu zitsulo ife mumasanthula ntchito mankhwala otsukira electroplating ndi zitsulo, komanso kuti kudzipatula golide ores.

Komanso, cyanide ntchito ngati mpweya osakaniza ndi zinthu zina ndi cholinga masaka kusunga mbewu. formulations yoteroyo imalola kuwononga makoswe.

Mmene thupi

Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi cyanide mu zamoyo ndi oletsedwa wapadera enzyme - cytochrome oxidase. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nsalu akutaya chofunika kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chitukuko cha asphyxia.

Choyamba, minofu hypoxia amakhudza ubongo. Chifukwa cha osauka chapakati mantha dongosolo ziwalo. Zonsezi kumabweretsa mofulumira imfa. Koma zizindikiro za poyizoni, iwo amaoneka nthawi yomweyo.

Kuopsa kwa mtima zimadalira kwenikweni mmene poizoni anali mu thupi. Pambuyo inhalation ya nthunzi ndipo mpweya poyizoni limapezeka nthawi yomweyo. yosowa kwambiri cyanide likulowerera kudzera pakhungu ndi kapepala m'mimba. Zikatero, zizindikiro za poyizoni akhoza kuoneka pang'onopang'ono.

Pamene akusonyeza zizindikiro za poyizoni

Monga tanenera kale, zizindikiro za poyizoni ndipo kuchuluka kwa matenda awo zimadalira njira poizoni anali mu thupi ndi zambiri zomwe. Pakuti woopsa mlingo anthu a cyanide kokha 0.1 mg / L. Imfa chimachitika mu ola. Ngati thupi ali 0.12-0.15 mg / L, munthu akamwalira mwa theka la ola.

Ngati ndende ya poizoni ndi kuchuluka kwa 0.2 mg, imfa amapezeka mkati mphindi 10. Dziwani kuti munthu amatha kupirira cyanide poyizoni akamaziwononga. Izi zingatheke ngati ndende ya thunthu poizoni si upambana 0,55 mg / L osati poizoni amakhudza mphindi zingapo.

Ngati cyanide ali mu thupi limodzi ndi mpweya, zizindikiro ndi inati pambuyo angapo masekondi. Ngati mankhwala poizoni akulowa m'mimba, chithunzi matenda akufotokozera patapita mphindi pang'ono.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za poyizoni

Cyanide - poizoni kuti amatenga zotsatira mwamsanga pamene iwo ali mu thupi la munthu. Pa mlingo waukulu wa mankhwala wothandizila zizindikiro poyizoni uonekera nthawi yomweyo. Pano pali zinthu zofunika:

1. Choyamba, munthuyo wotaya kutsitsimuka.
2. Nthawi yomweyo pakubwera kupuma dongosolo ziwalo. Komanso, minofu mtima oletsedwa.
3. Imfa.

Ndi Mlingo zazing'ono zizindikiro kuonekera pang'onopang'ono:

1. Pakuti siteji koyamba za cyanide poyizoni amakhala ndi chizungulire, pachimake ndi kukula mofulumira mutu, mofulumira kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupuma, ndi kumverera kwa kulemera mu lobes mazunzo, liwiro magazi kumutu.
2. Chinthu chachiwiri - kupuma movutikira. Choncho kupuma amakhala phokoso kwambiri komanso yosowa kwambiri. Kugunda ndi liwiro pa wovulalayo ndi, nseru, kusanza, ana dilate.
3. Pa gawo lotsatira, munthu watha kutsitsimuka. Nthawi zambiri spasms tetanic chifukwa kuphipha a minofu masticatory, zingachititse chinenero kuluma.
4. Siteji yotsatira - ziwalo. Wozunzidwayo wotaya ya bongo osati kokha, komanso tilinazo. Kupuma chosowa kwambiri. Komanso, mwina musanaganizire defecation ndi pokodza. Ngati mulibe wovulalayo thandizo, ntchito mtima mabasi ndi imfa kunabwera.

Kumapeto kwa

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chomwe cyanide, ndiponso mmene thupi la munthu. Kalanga ine, si nthawi zonse thunthu anali kuigwiritsa ntchito pa mtendere. Haidrojeni cyanide pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, anali membala mpweya ichi ululu monga "Zyklon B". Zida izi akhala ntchito kwambiri ndi magulu a German. Palinso maganizo kuti mpweya wa poizoni anagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1980 pamene nkhondo ya pakati Iran ndi Iraq.