Kuphulika ng'anjo - ng'anjo kwa yadothi chitsulo

Pakuti yopanga zitsulo nkhumba makampani zitsulo amagwiritsa ano kuphulika ng'anjo. Izi uvuni wanga mtundu, amene si zovuta dongosolo, amene Komabe, amayang'ana chidwi. Kubweretsa ulimi wa nkhumba chitsulo ku ungwiro, anthu akhala kudziunjikira zaka zinachitikira.

Mwina anafotokoza zimene kuphulika ng'anjo, ndi Chisilavo Chakale muzu wa dzina lake. "Dmit" - zikutanthauza kuomba.

Makolo wa ng'anjo kuphulika - shtukofeny

Mu Middle Ages anthu atha zitsulo zosiyana siyana. Zida ndi zipangizo anali zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, kugawa amphamvu, ndi chitsulo mwachizolowezi anapita ziwiya za m'nyumba. Syrodutnyh ng'anjo kuti apange zitsulo anakhumba ndi nthawi yaitali kwambiri, kwa zaka zikwi zambiri, ndipo iwo mwina zosowazo mpaka kufikira zatha m'matangadza ores fusible. Kutentha zimatheka ndi kukula msinkhu (kotero nakweza adaponya), mpweya amawapopa ndi dzanja bellows. Komabe, pa nthawi Ulaya kuti anasamukira ku zipangizo otsika kwambiri yaiwisi ntchito ngati kuwalimbikitsa ndi kupita patsogolo. Zitsulo Shtukofeny Kutulukira, kenako woyamba kuphulika ng'anjo anaonekera. Zinali chatsekedwa mtundu zikugwira ntchito pa mkombero makamaka ng'anjo. Panafunika katundu miyala, malasha, kenako ndi usavutike ndi ndege kuthamanga (khama Buku analibe kotero ntchito lotengeka ndi mawilo madzi), Kenako kunali koyenera kuti adikire kwa kuzirala ndi bwinobwino zitsulo, kulekanitsa icho kuchokera lonse ndi zina byproducts zosafunika wotchedwa pachimake. Waukulu mwayi shtukofenov inkakhala ku kutentha ndende bwino chifukwa buku chatsekedwa mwa mkombero kugwira ntchito, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kutayikira yake m'mlengalenga.

Osewera chitsulo chitukuko

The vuto lalikulu la metallurgists akale m'zaka za chakhumi ndi chitatu anali refractoriness chitsulo. Pamene shtukofene analandira zachitsulo (i.e., chitsulo mpweya aloyi ndi mpweya ndende ya 1.7% ndipo pamwamba), tinadabwa ake otsika mfundo kusungunuka, koma sanabwere mu njira imeneyi. Zitsulo chifukwa zinali zosavuta kupeza kuposa chitsulo makamaka chitsulo, koma makhalidwe ake makina mawu a ogula ndiye osauka kwambiri osalimba ndi silamphamvu. Komabe, zaka mazana awiri basi, maganizo zasintha kuti chitsulo chosungunula. Choyamba, kuchotsa izo kuchokera uvuni inali wopepuka, zingakhale zovuta kutsanulira mu mawonekedwe anasungunuka. Chachiwiri, zitsulo kuti wapeza koma ntchito zake, ndipo yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo chachitatu, anali zopangira ayeretsedwe winanso wa mpweya zimabwezera kupeza therefrom zitsulo kunali kosavuta kuposa miyalayo. Choncho, patatha zaka zambiri kuyesera, izo wapezeka asonyeza luso zitsulo, ndipo anatulukira kuphulika ng'anjo. Ng'anjo mu mzinda Westphalian wa Siegerland (theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XV) ungatithandizire ndi kosalekeza kwa zaka zingapo, kutulutsa maziko tsiku pa theka matani chitsulo nkhumba. Pamenepo kwambiri.

Kapangidwe ka kuphulika ng'anjo

Only pambuyo kuyendera pafupi uvuni izi chimphona, mukhoza kuona mmene ukulu ano kuphulika ng'anjo. Photos kupereka lingaliro la kukula kwake cyclopean kokha pamene iwo akamachita munthu, mwakuwoneka aang'ono ngati nyerere. Komabe, ngakhale kuti maonekedwe ochititsa kaso, mfundo opaleshoni akanali yemweyo, akale. Kamangidwe tichipeza mayunitsi zazikulu zisanu. Pamwamba pa izi, pakhosi, kuti potsegula zopangira ndi kugawa ake yunifolomu mwa ng'anjo. Pansipa ndi mbali ya mawonekedwe conical, imene Kutentha ndi kuchepetsa ndondomeko (zotchulidwa). Wachitatu amatchedwa pamwamba wagawo kuti nthunzi, pali chitsulo kusungunuka. Ndiye gawo lina tapered, nthawi imeneyi kunsi tapering, - mapewa, amene anamasulidwa ku monoxide coke mpweya (a mafuta kuchepetsa). Ndipo pansi kwambiri - nyanga lomwe kuchotsa chotsirizidwa ndi ulimi wa zinyalala.

ndondomeko Chemistry

mankhwala zako ndi oxidising ndi kuchepetsa. kugwirizana Choyamba zikutanthauza ndi mpweya, wachiwiri M'malo mwake, kukanidwa kwake. Miyalayo - okusayidi ichi, ndi kuti apeze chitsulo kumafuna reagent chingathe "kusankha" maatomu owonjezera. Chofunika kwambiri udindo mu ndondomeko imeneyi ndi coke, pamene kuyaka limatulutsa yaikulu kuchuluka kwa kutentha ndi carbon dioxide, amene pa kutentha amaola mu monoxide mankhwala yogwira ndi wosakhazikika mankhwala. SB amamuchititsa kukhala kukonzanso dioxide, ndi msonkhano ndi mamolekyulu ndi miyala (Fe ₂ O _3), "amatenga" ndi mpweya onse, kusiya chitsulo yekha. Pali, ndithudi, ndi zinthu zina mu zipangizo yaiwisi, zinyalala, zatsalira kuti apange, wotchedwa slag. Umu ndi mmene kuphulika ng'anjo. Izi, mu mawu zimapangidwira, kuchepetsa wosavuta anachita, kenakonso mowa kutentha.

Kodi iye, masiku kuphulika ng'anjo?

Kuphulika ng'anjo moyo nthawi ochepa kwa nyumba amenewa lonse - pafupifupi khumi. Panthawi imeneyi dongosolo la pansi pa katundu mkulu, akatundu a Kutentha ikukhudzana ndiye inkafuna kukonza kapena kugwetsa. Nkhumba yopanga zitsulo sangatengedwe kukhala wowona, kuti amagwirizana ndi mpweya mu chikhalidwe cha phosphorous, sulfure ndi zina si kwambiri. Masomphenya mfundozi analimbikitsa mayiko ambiri kukhala opanda yopanga zitsulo kapena Sinthani izo (makamaka ngati makampani ndi chofunika ndi ndondomeko zomwe zimapezeka). Modern kuphulika ng'anjo - ndi wosavuta boma lake mfundo zomwe Komabe, kumafuna kudziletsa dera zovuta ndi zingwe zopota angapo mphamvu kuonetsetsa ntchito kothandiza kwambiri a zipangizo ndi mphamvu.