Kusinthasintha - ichi ... Lingaliro ndi mitundu ya elasticity. Elasticity wa kufunika ndi kotunga

Elasticity akutchedwa mlingo wa zimene variable munthu zachuma, pamene zinthu zina. Mu mawu ena, elasticity - ndi ubale wa okwanira ndi kufunika kwa katundu ku mtengo ndipo sanali mtengo osiyanasiyana zinthu.

Mfundo

Kudalira zizindikiro monga okwanira ndi anthu, ndi mu zinthu zambiri. Popeza kumayambitsa, ndi elasticity yaitali.

Akuti chuma anachira mfundo za okwanira ndi kufunika elasticities.

Elasticity wa kufunika kwa mankhwala ndi kusintha kuchuluka mitengo kapena ndalama kwa kusintha mu ankafuna. Lilili kuwayang'anira mmene ogula amaziona achuluke kuchepa mitengo.

Chiphunzitso zachuma chimasiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ya mtengo kufunika elasticity, potengera zinthu ntchito:

• Zotanuka kufunika (kuposa wina). Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala a gulu la mwanaalirenji.
• Inelastic kufunika (osachepera limodzi). gulu zofunikira.
• Umafuna wagawo ndi elasticity (Angafanane ndi). Zikuphatikizapo zinthu zimene ogula amasankha payekha.
• Kwathunthu inelastic kufunika (ziro). Katundu monga buledi, mchere, mankhwala.
• Mwangwiro zotanuka kufunika (wofanana osawerengeka). Pali m'mikhalidwe ya misika wangwiro.

Price elasticity a kapezedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha mtengo ndi kusintha mlingo okwanira. Pa chithunzi ichi amaona zinthu ngati:

• Kupezeka / pakalibe kupanga malo a (kukachitika kuti pali nkhokwe, chakudya ndi zotanuka).
• Luso kupulumutsa m'matangadza wa mankhwala yomalizidwa (ngati kotero, maganizo ndi kusintha).

The mitundu ikuluikulu:

• Zotanuka okwanira. Ngakhale ndi gawo limodzi Kukwera kwa mitengo kwambiri kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu.
• Munganene ndi elasticity unit. pali kuwonjezeka kotereku okwanira mu msika pa kuwonjezereka gawo limodzi mwa mitengo.
• Inelastic okwanira. Kanthu zimachitika pamene kuwonjezeka mtengo mukuiganizira.
• Elasticity "mu mphindi". Nthawi ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti opanga ndi ogulitsa alibe nthawi kuwathandiza mu mtengo.

Mkulu kusinthasintha yaitali. Zokopa kwambiri zotanuka, chifukwa opanga nthawi yokwanira kulenga mphamvu zatsopano zipatso kapena kufulumizitsa ndondomeko kupanga.

Atalipenda okwanira ndi anthu, n'zotheka kudziwa zochita waukulu mu kusintha mwa mfundo zokhudzana ndi mtengo kapena osakhala mtengo zinthu. Kudzera mwa anali kukonza ndi lamulo la okwanira ndi akumufuna. Nthawi zambiri ofufuza ndi umboni wokwanira kuti Kukwera kwa mitengo kumabweretsa kuchepetsa wa kufunika kwa mankhwala. Iwo ayenera zolondola kachulukidwe kuyesa, chifukwa kuchepetsa mofulumira, mwapang'ono, ofooka kapena amphamvu.

Market tilinazo za mitengo, ndalama kapena zinthu zina ntchito kumaonekera zizindikiro elasticity, amene yodziwika ndi zinthu zapadera.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Lingaliro la elasticity chiphunzitso mu chuma inatulutsidwa mochedwa, koma mofulumira anakhala mmodzi wa ofunika. Mkuluyu akuti mu chuma anachokera sayansi zachilengedwe. Robert Boyle m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri pophunzira katundu mpweya woyamba anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "elasticity". Koma anapatsidwa tanthauzo chuma Alfred Marshall yekha mu 1885. wasayansi British si chiphunzitso cha kupangidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe a Adam Smith ndi David Ricardo, iye anapereka woyamba bwino tanthauzo la koyefishienti wa mtengo elasticity wa akumufuna.

Pakali pano, palibe mbali imodzi ya chuma, zomwe sibwenzi anagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "elasticity". Apa ndi kufunika kusanthula ndi maganizo ndi chiphunzitso cha Makampani ndi m'zinthu zachuma, mgwirizano wa mayiko a zachuma, amayembekezera zachuma ndi ena. Kusinthasintha - mawu, amene n'kofunika kuti kuli chuma masiku ano.

Gawo elasticity

Mitundu ya zachuma akuti anaitana:

• mtengo elasticity wa kufunika;
• elasticity wa okwanira ndi ndalama;
• ndalama elasticity wa kufunika;
• mtanda mtengo elasticity wa kufunika;
• lozani elasticity wa kufunika;
• Arc elasticity wa kufunika;
• elasticity wa mzere wolunjika;
• Luso elasticity wa M'MALO;
• mtengo elasticity ndi malipiro magawanidwe.

Point elasticity - ndi zonse pa kufunika ndi chakudya mizere. Iwo chimaonekera pa nthawi ina, choncho dzina akuti. Point elasticity cholinga muyeso wa tilinazo kufunika ndi kupereka malipiro ndi ndalama kusintha.

Arc elasticity - za mlingo wa ayankhe. Zilibe kupereka deta yolondola (mosiyana ndi malo). Arc elasticity wa kufunika ndi chiyerekezo cha okwanira ndi kufunika kwa kusintha mu mitengo kapena ndalama. M'pofunika mwamsanga ganizilani zinthu chonse msika.

koyefishienti wa elasticity

The koyefishienti wa elasticity ndalama ndi udindo mlingo wa kusintha kachulukidwe mu chinthu chimodzi (buku la ankafuna kapena kotunga), pamene kusintha zina (mtengo, ndalama kapena ndalama) ndi gawo limodzi.

Elasticity a kapezedwe ndi kufunika kuchita masamu kuti chiŵerengero kusintha pa mlingo wa kufunika (kotunga) kusintha kuchuluka aliyense determinants. Determinant - chinthu kuti ndi mbali yaikulu pa okwanira ndi akumufuna. The koyefishienti wa elasticity zimadalira determinants zizindikiro.

A zosiyanasiyana amasiyana Chrixitu mu digiri ya kusintha ankafuna mlingo mchikakamizo cha zinthu zina. The Kuyankha wa kufunika kwa mankhwala amenewa quantifiable kusintha ndi chinthu chimodzi. Kusintha kufunika elasticity mphamvu pa zinthu pa msika lonse.

Mawu amenewa amanena za ndondomeko anatengera kwa kusintha dongosolo msika zinthu zazikulu. Zikuphatikizapo mtengo wa mankhwala, ndalama makasitomala ndi mtengo wa katundu analogi.

kuwerengetsa njira

The koyefishienti wa elasticity ndalama kuchita masamu mu njira zingapo. Mu mawerengedwe, pali njira ziwiri zofunika:

• Arc elasticity kapena kusinthasintha waku Arc lapansi. Izo ntchito kuyeza elasticity pakati pa mfundo pa okwanira ndi kufunika zokhotakhota. Kumafuna chidziwitso cha oyambirira ndi mlingo wotsatira wa mtengo ndi buku.
• Malo elasticity kapena elasticity wa mfundo. Izo ntchito milandu pamene pali deta za ntchito za kufunika (okwanira) ndi milingo koyamba mtengo, komanso kukula kwa ankafuna (kotunga). chilinganizo Izi umagwiritsidwa ndi kusintha pang'ono mtengo kapena chizindikiro china chilichonse.

katundu Ofunika

Kuchokera pa mtima, ntchito ndi kachitidwe, kenako katundu ngati elasticity:

• elasticity ndi phindu lalikulu, chimene chimadalira pa mayunitsi kuti kuyeza buku, mtengo kapena magawo ena;
• elasticity mwa ntchito reciprocal ndi phindu reciprocal.

Pali zosankha zazikulu zitatu malingana kusinthasintha mu mtengo msika wa buku la ankafuna:

1. Inelastic akumufuna. Kumachitika pamene chiwerengero cha katundu anagula peresenti pasanathe aliyense peresenti ya kuchepa mtengo.
2. Ndi kuwonjezeka mu mankhwala kugula peresenti kuposa wina ndi kuchepetsa mtengo ndi kuchuluka kufunika amakhala zotanuka.
3. Lingaliro la elasticity limodzi kumachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa kupanga ndi kawiri chifukwa cha kuchepa mtengo wake mu theka.

Zinthu za kufunika elasticity

• Nthawi Chinthu (kwa nthawi yayitali khalidwe kwambiri zotanuka kufunika).
• Kupezeka kapena kupezeka kwa katundu-analogues (ngati amenewa kulibe, ngozi za kuchepetsa kufunika osachepera).
• Mbali ya mtengo kwa mankhwala kuwonjezekeredwa ogula bajeti.
• msika machulukitsidwe mlingo wa ulimi.
• Kudziŵa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
• Kufunika kwa mankhwala kwa ogula.

Zinthu inelasticity wa kufunika

Taganizirani mphindi imene makasitomala ali zimakhudza mwachindunji:

• angafune katundu ndi makhalidwe abwino (kufunika ndi mtengo inelastic, ngati mankhwala sachiza kapena kuonera ziyembekezo makasitomala);
• Ogula zambiri akulamula malonda Mlengi (mu nkhani iyi, ndi wokonzeka ndalama zambiri);
• ogula sitingazimvetse mokwanira kuuzidwa za mankhwala ena;
• Price si mkulu poyerekeza ndi ogwiritsa bajeti;
• wogula ali ndi mwayi kupulumutsa pa mtundu winawake wa katundu.

Ndalama elasticity wa kufunika

Limanenedwa ngati mlingo wa kusintha kachulukidwe mu ndalama iliyonse peresenti. kukula Revenue kumawonjezera kuthekera yogula atawalamula Komanso kumawonjezera, ndi elasticity wa kufunika ndi zabwino.

Ngati koyefishienti wa elasticity ndi yaing'ono (kuposa ziro koma osachepera limodzi), ndiye ndi yaikulu kufunika mankhwala. Ngati kuposa wina, ndi zapamwamba.

Koma katundu wa khalidwe osauka, pali ndalama elasticity wa kufunika ndi zoipa (osakwana ziro). Kusinthasintha - chithunzi kuti zikusintha zoopseza msika.

Cross-elasticity wa kufunika

chiŵerengero Izi zikusonyeza mlingo kusintha pa kufunika kwa mankhwala umodzi, pamene mtengo wa kusintha zina ndi gawo limodzi. Iye ndi zabwino, zoipa ndi ziro.

Ngati chiŵerengero ndi wamkulu kuposa ziro, ndiye mankhwala ndi mosinthana, ngati zochepa, mankhwala azigwirizana. Pankhani ya mtanda elasticity wa kufunika ndi ziro, ndiye katundu si amadalira mzake ndipo ziribe mphamvu pa akumufuna.

Chinthu chachikulu cha mtanda elasticity wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana - katundu ogula katundu, m'malo awo kapena kuwonjezera.

Chimodzi mwa zochitika ambiri pa msika - ndi elasticity wa mankhwala. Mtanda asymmetrical: chimodzi zimadalira mankhwala ena.

Ofufuza olekanitsidwa mavuto kudziwa malire a Boma kudzera mtanda elasticity koyefishienti. Zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Mwakhama anatsimikiza kololeka mkulu mlingo wa mtanda elasticity nthambi zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mtanda elasticity wa masamba mazira kampani ndi mkulu, koma kupanga mtanda ndi masamba mazira pamodzi - ndithu otsika. Choncho, ikhala bwinobwino kapena kulankhula za nthambi awiri kapena aliyense payekha muyenera.
2. Dera mtanda elasticity (mwachitsanzo, mkulu mtanda elasticity zidzachitika pakati pa mtundu ndi utoto TV).

elasticity a kapezedwe

Koyefishienti wa mtengo elasticity a kapezedwe ndi mlingo wa kusintha kachulukidwe, pamene kusintha mtengo ndi gawo limodzi.

Digiri kusinthika mu kotunga malingana zinasintha mtengo elasticity a kapezedwe ndi mtengo. A muyezo kusintha - ndi koyefishienti wa zotsatsa elasticity, amene masamu monga chiŵerengero cha buku zichuluke mtengo.

Zinthu zimene kudziwa elasticity ndalama okwanira:

• timeframe (yomweyo - inelastic, yochepa - ndinazolowera mtengo kusintha yaitali - zotanuka);
• kuthekera yosungirako yaitali katundu anamaliza ndi kugula zipangizo za ulimi wawo;
• ndi kulunjika kwa kupanga ntchito (kuchuluka kwa ntchito mwakhama pa kupanga katundu);
• linanena bungwe pazipita ndi mphamvu zonse katundu.

Price elasticity a kapezedwe zikusintha chifukwa zotsatira za sayansi patsogolo, khalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa zipangizo ndi zinthu zina mwakhama.

Kuchepetsa kotunga elasticities chifukwa amveke zakuthupi okha yaiwisi, amene ntchito kupanga.

Pomaliza

Kusinthasintha - motere zimene zizindikiro za chuma pa wina ndi mzake.

okwanira ndi kufunika ntchito zimadalira ambiri mtengo ndipo sanali mtengo zinthu (determinants).

The elasticity wa kufunika ntchito ndi kupereka amakhala ndi tilinazo kufunika ndi kuwonjezera kusintha chinthu chimodzi monga anthu a. Pofuna kukhazikitsa elasticity mu inayake, muyenera kupeza tsankho ndilochokera ku ntchito ya okwanira ndi kufunika mu determinant yeniyeni.