Kodi chiwerengero komanso zimene iye amaphunzira

Ntundu, mu Greek, amatanthauza "pofotokoza anthu." Kodi chiwerengero wonse? Izi - sayansi ya njira, mitundu ya kubereka ya anthu osiyana ndi zimene (mwanjira) kusonkhezera ndondomeko imeneyi.

Mlembi wa "ntundu" mawu akuti anali French wasayansi A. Giyyar mu 1855, ndipo mu Russia lingaliro ili anayamba ntchito 70 ntchentche za m'ma 18. Poyamba, mfundo "ziwerengero anthu" ndi "chiwerengero" ankatengedwa n'chimodzimodzi, koma m'kupita kwa nthawi zinthu zasintha. Panopa ntundu ndi sayansi palokha kuti amaphunzira zinthu zimene zimakhudza imfa, chonde, mapeto ndi kuthetsedwa kwa ukwati. Komanso, phunziroli ri ndipo akuneneratu njira ina ndi zaziwerengero pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera. Kumvetsa zimene chiwerengero, m'pofunika kuphunzira dongosolo la sayansi. Choncho, mu khalidwe la chiphunzitso zaziwerengero kufotokozera njira zofunika, chiphunzitso cha malingaliro, deta kaphatikizidwe akavalidwe excretion.

Pulayimale deta ikuchitika pa kalembera, amene adaperekeza fupipafupi. Chinanso mfundo ndi ziwerengero feduro. Information processing njira Anabwereka sociometry ndi ziwerengero kuti, ambiri, ndithudi. Komanso, phunziro ili limafotokoza njira zaziwerengero. maphunziro Analytical ya ntundu mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zaziwerengero ndi njira zikuchitika. Choncho, demographers angauze lakuthwa kapena pang'onopang'ono kuchepa kwa anthu ndi kuwonjezeka mu kukhudzana kubadwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana za chuma, chikhalidwe, chilengedwe ndi zina. Komanso, pali mbiri, chikhalidwe, chiwerengero asilikali. Mavuto ntundu mu Russia anaphunzira kuyambira cha m'ma 18. ndi chiwerengero mu tsarist Russia chiyani? Ndi kwenikweni kuphunzira ziwerengero anthu. Mu zoyambirira za m'ma 20, ntchito zofunika anali ntchito asayansi AA Chuprov pa zotsatira za nkhondo pa njira ya chikwati ndi chilekano ndi kubereka, ndi Nowosielski, amene pored pa imfa.

Kalembera ikuchitika pambuyo pa October kuukira boma. deta awa anapanga maziko maphunziro osiyanasiyana (osati zaziwerengero). Komabe, mu 30s, ndi maphunziro onse ngati zimenezi anasiya. Ntundu nakhalanso mu m'ma 1960. Pa nthawi imeneyo, asayansi azindikira kuti sayansi imeneyi si ziwerengero anthu. Ofufuza anayamba kuphunzira chikoka cha zinthu kuwonjezeka ndi kucheperachepera chonde, ukwati, chitukuko banja. Popeza 70s Mu zaka zapitazo anayamba mfundo ulimi zaziwerengero, wolemba umene unali AG Wisniewski. Chiwerengero Russian akhala gawo kagorny njira ndi njira mawerengeredwe, sayansi zoweta pang'onopang'ono aphatikizire mu dziko. Pakutha 20 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka 21, ofufuza powasamalira makamaka kuphunzira malamulo imfa, chonde ndi banja, komanso chitukuko cha mawerengeredwe ndi kulosera. Zonsezi pamodzi limachititsa kuyankha funso kuti kodi chiwerengero.