Kuteteza mphesa tizirombo ndi matenda. Mphesa Processing masika

Masiku ano, cholinga chathu chachikulu ndicho kuteteza mphesa kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Ndipotu, izi ndizofunika kwambiri, chifukwa amaluwa ambiri amawona kuti ali ndi mpesa wawukulu womwe ukukula pa webusaitiyi, yomwe imatenga malo ochulukirapo, nthawi ndi khama, ndipo chifukwa chake simungakolole bwino. M'zaka zingapo aliyense amabwera ndi lingaliro la kuponyera mbewu zopanda phindu ndi kugula zipatso m'msika. Komabe, zonse sizingatheke, ndizofunikira kuti mumvetsetse chomwe chikulepheretsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mpesa. Kuonjezerapo, zidzakuthandizani kudziwa momwe kutetezera mphesa zamakono ndi tizirombo zikuchitika. Pokhapokha ndi zidziwitso zoterezi mukhoza kupeza zotsatira zabwino.

Kusamalira mphesa: kasupe kudulira

Nyengo yotentha imayamba ... Muyenera kudzala mpesa wam'munda m'munda kapena kutsegula ndi kumangirira kale. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti nyengo ikukula bwino ndikukula bwino, nkofunika kukhazikitsa mpanda, womwe tidzamanga mkwapulo, komanso zimalangizidwa kuti tipeze mphukira zazing'ono. Kuti mukhale chitsamba cholimba ndi chamoyo, muyenera kuchoka 1-2 pa mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri. Zonsezo ziyenera kusweka. Mphukira ziyenera kumangirizidwa pamalo oongoka, kukopa pang'ono kuti ziwoneke. Kuti mpesa ukhale wolimba ndi wathanzi, uyenera kuchotsa mbeu pa nyengo yonse, ngati simungakhale ndi zipatso zambiri. Makamaka zimakhudza kawiri ndi katatu, kukula kuchokera ku uchimo umodzi. Cholinga ndi ichi: nthawi yophukira chitsambachi chiyenera kukhala ndi mphukira zazikulu zitatu kapena zinayi, osati mulu waukulu wodzaza ndi wofooka. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nkofunika kuchotsa mapiritsi onse (komabe mumangiriza mpesa), ndipo pamtunda, pasanathe zaka zitatu, mazira onse amachotsedwanso. Simukufunika kuyesetsa kuteteza zokolola: pamene chitsamba chili ndi ntchito imodzi - kukula ndi kulimba. Ichi ndicho maziko odzisamalira, koma kuonjezera muyenera kudziwa momwe mungatetezere mphesa kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Chisankho cha kukonzekera mankhwala masiku ano ndi chachikulu.

Chidziwitso chapadera

Mphesa sakondedwa ndi anthu okha. Nkhumba zambiri, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo sitikufuna kudya zipatso zobiriwira kapena zokometsera. Ndicho chifukwa chitetezo cha mphesa kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda ndizofunikira kwambiri. "Adani" ofunikira kwambiri amatha kutchedwa matenda a fungal, omwe angayambitse kutaya kwathunthu kokolola, pamatenda oopsa kwambiri, chitsamba chokha chimatha kufa. Choncho, m'pofunika kuchita nthawi zonse processing. Mphesa kumapeto kwa nyengo zimayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, ndipo pa nthawiyi, kuyambika kwa magulu a m'tsogolo kumayikidwa.

Masiku ano, mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa yaonekera , yomwe imakhala yotsutsana ndi matenda a fungal. Ndi Zachimake, Arcadia, Codreanque. Komabe, m'zaka zina palinso ntchito yowonjezera ya mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo, ndipo ngakhale ma hybrids amakhudzidwa bwino ndi iwo, ngakhale pang'ono. Kawirikawiri zotsatira zake ndi kutayika pang'ono kwa mbewu ndi kugonjetsedwa pang'ono kwa tchire. Ndicho chifukwa mphesa m'chaka zimayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi mapangidwe apadera omwe amaletsa kukula kwa mabakiteriya owopsa.

Matenda owopsa kwambiri a fungus

Woyamba mu siskin ndi mildew. Matenda owopsa kwambiri komanso ovulaza a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ku Ulaya. Kugonjetsa ndi kosavuta kuzindikira kuti: tsamba la masamba limachepetsedwa, amawoneka achikasu, mawanga oonekera. Ngati nyengo yowuma ndi yotentha, chitukuko chikutha, ndiye kuti mvula yamkuntho ndi yotentha pamsana wa tsamba ikuwonekera. Mu nthawi yochepa zomera zonse zimakhudzidwa, kuphatikizapo tizilombo, inflorescences, crests ndi zipatso zazing'ono. Mavuto a inflorescences amasintha mtundu, amakhala ofiira, kupiringa ndi kufota. Mitengo yokhudzidwa yoyamba imakhala ya buluu, kenako imakhala yofiirira, imamera ndi kufota. Mphesa kumapeto kwa nyengo zimakonzedwa koyamba pofuna kupewa matendawa. Timapitirira.

Matenda achiwiri amachititsa oidium. Pano, mitundu ndi hybrids sizilibe kanthu, zimakhala ndi matenda komanso zomera. Komabe, zizindikiro zake sizowoneka bwino. Mitengo yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi bowa imakula bwino, imatha kuseri. Kenaka tsamba la tsamba limasintha maonekedwe ake: ilo limakhala litakwinya, limadetsedwa, limakhala loyera. Pafupifupi kuyambira June, chitukuko cha matendawa chafika pamtunda wake: masamba amafota, mphukira zimaphimbidwa ndi mdima. Mavuto a inflorescences amawonongeka, zipatso za makwinya ndi zowuma. Ngati mpesa wodwalayo amachoka m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zambiri amaundana kwambiri, ndipo chaka chotsatira impso zake sizikhoza kusungunuka. Pofuna kupeŵa vuto limeneli, kukonzanso mphesa kuyenera kuchitidwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo.

Matenda ena ambiri - anthracnose mphesa. Zimakhudza chitsamba chonse: masamba, zimayambira, nyamakazi ndi zitunda. Ziwoneka ngati mawanga ofiira, kenako m'malo amenewa minofu imamwalira ndipo imatuluka. Kufalikira kwakukulu, monga matendawa, kumapezeka mvula, nyengo yamvula.

Nthaŵi zambiri kuthengo, mungapeze zizindikiro za matenda monga kuvunda imvi. Kusintha mphesa kumathandiza kupulumutsa mpesa ku mliri uwu. Zimakhala zosavuta kwambiri m'nyengo youma komanso yotentha, koma nthawi zambiri mvula imagwa ndi mliri wodabwitsa. Zimakhudza mbali zonse zobiriwira za chomera, koma kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumachitika ndi kuvunda kwa imvi. Matenda a inflorescences amakhala ofiira ndi kufa. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zipatso zonse zobiriwira zochokera ku bowa sizikumva zowawa. Komabe, masango, osungunuka kapena kuonongeka ndi tizilombo, amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zake. Koma pamene chipatso chimabala, zipatso zimachepa ndikuyamba kutenga kachilombo ka mabakiteriya ambiri, kotero simungathe kukolola. Gira zowola - bowa ndizofala, choncho mankhwala am'mawa amakhala njira yokhayo yotetezera mpesa ku matenda omwe tatchulapo. Zovunda zakuda ndi zoyera zikuwonekera mofanana.

Matenda opatsirana

Kawirikawiri zimatha kuwona m'munda wamtundu wodwala komanso wodwala matenda owopsa, omwe amadziwika ngati kuchepa kwa tchire, chifukwa cha bowa la parasitic. Zomera zimachedwa kuchepa, kenako zimamasula masamba. Kawirikawiri, pamene kutentha kwa chilengedwe kumatuluka, matendawa amayamba kukula ndi mphamvu ziwiri. Izi zimachititsa kuti chitsamba chiwonongeke.

Khansara ya bakiteriya ndi matenda ena akuluakulu omwe amachititsa kukula kwa thupi la mpesa. Pang'onopang'ono, chiwonongeko cha minofu chimapezeka, pamene chikugwa, mbewu za kukula zimakhalabe zamoyo kwa nthawi yaitali padziko lapansi. Palibe njira zolimbana nazo, nkofunikira kuthetsa chomeracho.

Fungicides

Pofuna kulimbana ndi mildew mumagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, Bordeaux osakaniza, komanso mawonekedwe a fungicides kwa zomera. Zitha kukhala "Ridomil Gold", "Carbio Top" ndi ena ambiri. Kulimbana ndi oidium kumaphatikizapo njira zingapo zothandizira ndi kupewa matenda. Iyenera kuyamba ndi njira zothandizira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu ya sulfure yamchere mu nyengo youma, nyengo yopanda mphepo. Ndi zofunika kuti inali m'mawa kapena madzulo. Komabe, masiku ano pali fungicides kwa zomera zomwe zingathe kuphatikizapo kukonzekera kutetezera zomera ku mildew. Izi ndi mankhwala monga Strobi, Alto Super Topaz, Vektra, Falcon, Fundazol ndi ena ambiri. Nthaŵi yogwiritsira ntchito ingasinthidwe malingana ndi mlingo wa kuvulala. Chitsamba choonongeka kwambiri chiyenera kuchitidwa moyenera ndi maonekedwe a impso zoyamba, ndiko kuti, mwamsanga mutangomangirira. Ngati palibe zilonda kapena ali ofooka, tikhoza kuchiza molingana ndi chiwembu chomwe tidzakupatsani pansipa.

Kulimbana ndi anthracnose kumachitika kumapeto kwa chithandizo cha Bordeaux. Katemera wotsatira amapezeka ndi kupopera mbewu kuchokera ku mildew, ndiko kuti, fungicides amawonjezeredwa ku mkuwa wokhutira. Grey kuvunda ndi vuto la minda yambiri ya horticultural, ndi fungicides monga "Ronilan", "Rovlan", "Euparen", "Topsin", "Sumileks" amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana nayo. Ndiloledwa kupanga mankhwala 4 pa nyengo. Ngati pali mvula yambiri, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuchita ndi sprayings awiri kapena atatu. Kuchokera ku zowola zoyera, zoterezi zowonongeka monga "Captan", "Phtalon", "Tsineb" zimathandiza kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupanga processing pambuyo pa matalala atadutsa ndi kumenyedwa zipatso. Kulimbana ndi zovunda zakuda, "Bayleton", "Bytan" ndi "Topaz" amagwira bwino ntchito.

Zovuta komanso zothandizira fungicides

Lero, msika uli ndi ndalama zambiri, kuti aliyense athe kupeza fungicides. Ndemanga za akatswiri otsogolera mu sayansi yamakono zimatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumathandiza kuthetsa mpesa. Izi ndizokonzekera mankhwala omwe amawononga kapena kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda a fungal. Kusiyanitsa mankhwala ndi kuteteza fungicides. Zakalezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera matenda, ndipo zotsirizirazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa chitukuko cha matendawa.

Zokonzekera mphesa zimagawidwa kukhala kukhudzana ndi dongosolo. Yoyamba imatha kulowa mu chomeracho ndikusunthira mwazidzidzidzi, kuteteza matenda opatsirana. Izi ndi zipangizo monga "Ridomil Gold", "Quadrice", "Folpan" ndi "Mankoceb". Amagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi mildew. Kulimbana ndi oidium kumagwira ntchito bwino Vectra, Strobi, Topaz ndi Falcon. Mankhwala otchedwa fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera ndi kuchiza, ndipo palibe chifukwa chobwezera mobwerezabwereza chithandizocho, chifukwa patapita kanthawi mankhwalawa alowetsa mmunda ndikupitiriza kugwira ntchito mkati mwawo kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndikwanira kukonza munda musanakhale maluwa, komanso musanayambe kucha zipatso - ndipo matendawa adzadutsa m'munda wanu.

Komabe, chitetezo cha mphesa kumapeto kwa nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi fungicides. Uyu ndi wotchuka Bordeaux fluid, sulfure, "Tivit Jet" ndi ena ambiri. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili pamasamba ndi khalidwe, ndipo mvula itatha, mankhwalawa ayenera kubwerezedwa. Kupopera mbewu mobwerezabwereza kumachitidwa katatu pa nyengo. Ndalamazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera matenda, koma ngati zilondazo zili zoonekeratu, ndiye kuti chithandizo chofunika kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a fungicides ndi ofunikira.

"Syngenta": ndondomeko yotetezera mphesa

Kwa katswiri wamatsenga sankayenera kupanga chithandizo chodzichiritsa yekha, mwa kuyesa ndi kulakwitsa, tidzakupatsa njira yotsimikiziridwa, yomwe mungatsatire mosavuta. M'chaka, pamaso pa kutupa kwa impso, nkofunika kuteteza chikhalidwe kuchokera ku wintering nthata ndi wakuda spotting. Chisankho chabwino chidzakhala Nitrafen Dneok. Zolinga zake zingakhale 1-2%. Pambuyo pamene mtundu wobiriwira umayamba kukula, m'pofunika kubwereza mankhwala. Zolingazi zimatenga Bordeaux madzi, omwe amachititsa "Fozalon". Njirayi imateteza kuteteza nkhuku zakuda ndi eutipoza, komanso imathamangitsa tizirombo ngati skosari-scoops ndi njenjete. Pali masamba 4-5, mankhwala ena amachitidwa, panthawiyi, fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mphesa, monga "Homecin" ndi "Polichom". Kuti mutetezedwe ku tizirombo, timagulu tambiri tamasamba, sankhani "Chlorophos" kapena "Fozalon".

Pambuyo maluwa, nthendayi yowonongeka ndi matenda a fungali imapitirizabe, kotero muyenera kupatsanso mankhwala ndi sulfure kuchokera ku oidium, "Euparen" kuchokera ku imvi yovunda, "Homecine" kapena "Polychrome" kuchokera ku mildew ndi malo amdima. Kuonjezera apo, sizomwe zimakonzera mphesa kuchokera ku nthata ndi mankhwala "Rogor". Chakumapeto kwa autumn, ndi bwino kuchiza mpesa ndi njira ya hexachlorane. Ichi ndi chodziwika kwambiri, ngakhale sichoncho chokha, dongosolo. Palinso njira zina zotetezera mphesa, zomwe zidzatheke kuiwala za vuto ngati matenda a mpesa.

Herbicides m'minda yamphesa

Grass m'munda wamphesa - ichi si vuto lalikulu, koma ngati dera ndi lalikulu, ndiye kuti mugwiritse ntchito zozizwitsa za sayansi. Imodzi mwa njira zotetezeka kwambiri ndi herbicide "Tornado". Zimakuthandizani kuti musamapange mankhwala. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka komanso ovomerezeka akagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kasinthasintha. Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kulikonse.

Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Monga momwe tikudziwira, tizirombo si bowa komanso mavairasi - tizilombo timathandizanso kuwononga mpesa. Popeza ntchito yathu ndikuteteza chitsamba chonse, nkofunika kudziwa za kampani ngati "Syngenta", yomwe imapanga tizilombo tosonga kwambiri. Makamaka, tikhoza kusiyanitsa mankhwalawa "Proklam" - amateteza tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. Zokwanira komanso zogwirizana ndi makoswe, mbozi ndi whitecaps. Dokotala wachiwiri wa mankhwalawa ndi "Vertimek." Iyenso ndi chiyambi cha chilengedwe, ndipo mankhwala othandizira ndizochokera ku ntchito yofunikira ya nthaka tizilombo.

Ndi chiyani chomwe chiri chodabwitsa pa mankhwala "Proklam"? Amalowa mkati mwa minofu maminiti ochepa chabe, ndipo ora limodzi kenako limagwa pansi. Amathetsa anyamata otchedwa Lepidoptera, komanso amathandizanso mankhwala ena, omwe amayenera kumenyana ndi matenda ndi lungwort. Kodi mphesa izi zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Chochita chachikulu ndi m'mimba, ndiko kuti, mbozi imatenga zidutswa za mbewu, imasiya kudya mu ora limodzi, imamwalira patapita maola angapo.

Pali mfundo imodzi yofunika kwambiri. Mankhwalawa amachitanso mankhwalawa. Dzira, limene mankhwalawa wagwera, amatha kuzimitsa, kapena mphutsi imamwalira pambuyo pake. "Proklam" ndi mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kamodzi, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo mumateteza mpesa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera ku tizilombo zitatu. Vomerezani, izi ndi zotsatira zabwino! Zonsezi zimatetezera mphesa zimapangidwira pazomwe zimapangidwira ndipo izi zimafuna ndalama zochepa.

Tizilombo towuluka

Palinso gulu lina la tizilombo, lomwe limakonda kudya zipatso zabwino. Pa nthawi yomwe mabuluwa amadzaza ndi timadziti, timadontho, njuchi ndi mbalame zimawulukira. Pachifukwa ichi, vuto lalikulu ndikuteteza mphesa kuchokera kuphuphu. Chilimwe chilimwe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timateteza chitetezo kumunda, ndikusowa zakudya za mapuloteni. Komabe, kumapeto kwa autumn amakhala zowononga zakutchire, monga momwe zingathetsere zipatso zambiri zowutsa mudyo, ndi kulumidwa kowawa kungakhale vuto lenileni kwa iwo omwe ali oyenerera kukolola.

Panthawi imeneyi, kale ndizovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okonzekera, popeza zipatso zakonzedwa kale, ndipo mankhwala onse angakhalebe yowutsa mudyo. Ndipotu, mphesa zoterozo sizinali zoyenera kudya. Kuwonongeka kwa magetsi sikungathandize ngati pali mtundu waukulu wa tizilombo pafupi. Choncho, akatswiri amatha kupanga masampha osiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito mabomba a utsi ndi zipangizo zina. Izi ndi momwe chitetezo cha mphesa chimachokera ku mvula. Ndi bwino kupeza chisa ndi usiku, onse ali mkati, kupopera mankhwala oyenera. Chisa chopanda kanthu chiyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuwonongedwa.

Ngati simungathe kupeza madonthowa, yesani kuyika misampha. Kuchita izi, mabotolo apulasitiki ndi abwino, omwe angathe kupanikizana ndi kupanikizana kapena uchi, ndi kutsanulira njira ya soapy pansi, yomwe tizilombo mosalekeza tizitha. Ngati muli ndi kupanikizana kokalamba, mukhoza kutsanulira mu botolo ndikusakaniza ndi madzi. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, mavuvuwo amafa. Njira ina, yogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi wamaluwa, ndi nsomba zoteteza, zomwe zimayikidwa pamagulu. Njira yomweyo idzateteza mbewu kuchokera ku mbalame.

Kuteteza mphesa ndi mankhwala amtundu

Chithandizo cha mphesa ndi akhoza kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi njira otchuka, ndicho decoctions zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Ndi njira wosavuta kuti, mosiyana ndi mankhwala mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi iliyonse chaka, kaya mlingo wa kucha zipatso. Mankhwala ambiri lomwenso ndi anyezi peel. Izo ntchito msuzi: zidebe theka mankhusu kudzaza ndi madzi ndi wiritsani kwa mphindi 20 Kenako, yatsala kuima kwa tsiku. The osakaniza ndiye wapangidwa ndi buku la ndowa imodzi, anawonjezera supuni imodzi ya uchi, fyuluta ndi mipesa sprayed. Mofananamo ntchito msuzi celandine ndi comfrey. Komanso, ntchito yokonza infusions ntchito udzu akale, amene lactic asidi anawonjezera. Mukhozanso ntchito liziwawa St. Yohane. njira Zonse izi odalirika, kuti chithandizo ayenera ankachitira zambiri monga mvula kapena mame ati asambe popanda zotsalira. Musaiwale kuti mbozi ndi tizirombo tina satero amachita chiyani kuti njira zimenezi wa nkhondo, kotero mumathera pa iwo nthawi ndi khama, zosavuta kugula mankhwala amakono. Izi zipangitsa zotsatira zabwino mu nthawi yochepa, kwa iwo sali mtengo kwambiri.

Polongosola mwachidule, ndikufuna kudziwa kuti chitetezo cha mphesa ku tizirombo ndi tizilombo chofunika ngati mukufuna stably akolole. Akulumphalumpha chithandizo, nthawi iliyonse inu kuthamanga chiopsezo, ndi zoona ntchito mankhwala amakono, fungicides sadzatenga nthawi yambiri. Inde, kusamalira ndalama mpesa ntchito, koma ndiye yokolola adzakhala bwino. Ndipo ndithudi, n'zomveka kuti onetsetsani kuti zotsatira za ntchito zanu anali apamwamba.