Mutu Biology ndiponso ntchito

Zolinga cheni cha zamoyo - chinthu choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa, kuyambira kuphunzira sayansi. Ichi ndi maziko amene zinthu zonse winanso anamanga. Zolinga ndi zolinga za zamoyo, komanso nkhani zake, njira ndi tanthauzo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Choyamba, tiyeni tione mbiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti "zamoyo" akufuna Zh. B. Lamark, ndi French wasayansi. Iye anagwiritsa ntchito mu 1802 pofotokoza sayansi kuti chidwi moyo monga wapadera chodabwitsa achilengedwe. Ntchito za sayansi amakono ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Ndi lonse zovuta za sayansi nawo kuphunzira chikhalidwe, malamulo a chitukuko ndi kukhalapo.

mbali khalidwe la zamoyo za

Pakuti sayansi amakhala ndi:

• mogwirizana kwambiri ndi zosiyanasiyana amalanga, constituent ake;
• mkulu specialization;
• kusakanikirana.

Masiku ano tili ndi chidwi sayansi nthawi zonse apindula ndi generalizations latsopano, mfundo, nkhani zenizeni.

Ntchito yaikulu ya zamoyo

Ntchito za sayansi masiku ano yosiyanasiyana, koma waukulu wa iwo - odziwa malamulo imene kusanduka amapezeka. chakuti dziko organic ndi maonekedwe a moyo padziko lapansi kusintha. Iye nthawi zonse ikusintha chifukwa cha imfa yachibadwa. The biosphere n'chofunikira chachikulu mu mapangidwe hydrosphere, ndi mlengalenga, mu chilengedwe cha nkhope ya dziko lapansi.

ntchito zina

Tingasiyanitsire zotsatirazi zamoyo zoyambirira za vutolo:

• biotsinozov phunziro;
• kasamalidwe zinyama;
• phunziro limagwirira chimene kudziletsa lamulo limapezeka;
• kuphunzira ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka khungu;
• Kuphunzira zochitika yovuta moyo zikuchitika pa mlingo wa maselo (irritability, kusintha chibadwa, kagayidwe);
• Kuphunzira nkhani ya masiyanidwe ndi chibadwa.

Ndithu mndandanda chidwi kugwirizana. Choncho, zamoyo zofunika vuto ndi kudziwa malamulo osiyanasiyana ambiri, omwe ndi chitukuko cha zinyama mu kuphunzira kwa zamoyo ndi Kuwulura alili ake.

mutu Biology

Tili ndi chidwi chofuna sayansi maphunziro moyo, mtundu uliwonse ndi zosiyanasiyana chitukuko. The zosiyanasiyana zonse zinatha ndipo akukhala lero, dziko lathuli zamoyo ndi phunziro la ake. Ntchito zamoyo ife tafotokozeramu chabe, ndipo tsopano akukhala pa mutu wake. Biology Kapangidwe ka chidwi (kuchokera anatomic ndi morphological kwa maselo) chiyambi, ntchito, kusanduka, chitukuko munthu, kufalika, ndi ubale wa zamoyo ndi mzake ndi chilengedwe.

Izi maphunziro sayansi dongosolo awiri ndi wamba amene khalidwe la moyo mu mawonekedwe ake onse. Mu zamoyo, ntchito ndi kuphunzira kagayidwe mphamvu ndi mankhwala, kusintha ndi chibadwa, kubereka, chitukuko ndi kukula, apawokha, irritability, zoyenda, autoregulation, ndi ena. Onse a pamwamba ndi nkhani yake.

mayendedwe

Mu zamoyo, malingana ndi nkhani mayeso tingaone zingapo monga Anthropology, zinyama, zomera, tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso, virology ndi ena. Sayansi izi kuphunzira makhalidwe a chitukuko, kapangidwe, chiyambi cha moyo, komanso kufalitsidwa zosiyanasiyana, katundu wa mtundu uliwonse wa bakiteriya mavairasi, zomera, nyama ndi anthu. M'munda wa kudziwa kuti chidwi ife ndi kwaokha katundu, kapangidwe ndi maonekedwe a moyo thunthu ndi kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa zinthuzo, kakulidwe zamoyo, chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko, zachilengedwe ndi vuto maselo a zamoyo, ndi njira, -. Mbali yofunika zochitika, omwe ali mbali ya maphunziro pa sukulupo ichi sayansi.

Biophysics ndi sayansi kuphunzira njira physico-mankhwala ndi zochita mankhwala kunachitika zamoyo, kapangidwe thupi ndi mipweya kachitidwe kwachilengedwenso zimatiyika pa gulu. Biometrics limachititsa kukhazikitsa malamulo amene sangathe kuona mu phunziro la zochitika munthu ndi njira. Kuti ndi osakaniza njira zonse kukonzekera bwino, komanso processing zotsatira analandira mwa ziwerengero masamu. Maselo zamoyo vuto kumaphatikizapo kuphunzira zochitika moyo wochitika pa mlingo maselo. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka ntchito ndi kapangidwe ka maselo, ziwalo ndi zimakhala. General Biology akufotokozera malamulo chilengedwe kapangidwe (loukitsa) ndi ntchito. Kuti ali, iye ali ndi chidwi ndi amene amagwera zamoyo zonse.

mlingo maselo

Mutu Biology ndi mavuto zikhoza kuyankhulidwa panthawi mbali zosiyanasiyana. Tsopano ife kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane aliyense wa iwo.

misinkhu angapo kuphunzira ndi gulu la zochitika moyo (structural ndi zinchito) lero anamasulidwa: ndi biosphere-biogeocenotic, anthu-mitundu, chamoyo, limba, minofu, ma, maselo. Pa yotsirizira timagwiritsa ntchito ya maselo amene biologically zofunika chitukuko ndi kukula kwa zinthu mu kufala ndi kusunga mfundo chibadwa, kusintha kwa mphamvu ndipo thupi maselo, ndi ena awa mamolekyulu izi:. Lipids, zidulo mkati, mapuloteni, polysaccharides ndi neri Al.

mlingo ma

mlingo ma kumafuna kulingalira bungwe structural ya selo limodzi. Njirayi imatchedwa kuti chiphunzitso cha cytology, womwenso cytochemistry, cytogenetics, cytophysiology, cytomorphology. Chiphunzitso chimenechi amalola anaona ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala pakati pa maselo amapanga zinchito, thupi ndi kugwirizana amuzolengedwa.

mlingo organismal

Pa Biology chamoyo mlingo ikufotokoza zachilengedwe ndi zomwe zimachitika munthu wosakwatiwa, komanso njira kuonetsetsa yolongosoka kugwira ntchito machitidwe ake ndi ziwalo. Kuti mulinso maubwenzi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mkati thupi, makhalidwe ake ndiponso kusintha dziphunzitsiranso anaona zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.

mlingo Population-mitundu

Ife chitani mlingo lotsatira, anthu-mitundu. Ndi mwapadera kuyambira m'mbuyomu. The moyo amayembekezeka anthu ndi chibadwa anakonzeratu. Patapita kanthawi kufa, popeza wotopa mwayi wake wa chitukuko. Komabe, zinthu bwino zachilengedwe pali lonse ya iwo amatha kukula mpaka kalekale. Nkhani ya zachilengedwe, phenology, kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, chibadwa ndi kuphunzira mphamvu ndi kapangidwe ka anthu. Population - chopereka cha anthu a mitundu imeneyo kugawana losokonekera dziwe wamba, ndi moyo mu malo ena ndi pafupifupi zikhalidwe zomwezo aliko pa organismal ndi ma ndi maselo misinkhu.

mlingo topezeka

Ngati ife kulankhula za mlingo wa topezeka kudera (a biosphere-biogeocenotic), ndiye ikufotokoza za ubale pakati pa zamoyo ndi chilengedwe, komanso Kusamuka kwa nkhani wamoyo, malamulo ndi otaya njira ya m'zinthu mphamvu. Komanso kuphunzira ndi njira zina zimene zimachitika m'chilengedwe (Biogeocenoses).

njira zamoyo

Ife tsopano akufotokoza njira kafukufuku ntchito ndi sayansi. The oyamba - kuonera. Kugwiritsa n'zotheka kufotokoza ndi kutanthauzira zosiyanasiyana zochitika kwachilengedwenso. Timalimbitsa njira ina - lofotokoza. Kuti timvetse tanthauzo lalikulu la chodabwitsa, iwe uyenera uyambe kusonkhanitsa chuma choona. Pambuyo kufunika kukufotokoza.

Njira ina yofunika - mbiri. Kugwiritsa n'zotheka kudziwa Pantchito za yatsoka ndi chitukuko cha thupi kufufuza mapangidwe ntchito zake ndi nyumba.

The njira experimental zachokera pa chilengedwe cha dongosolo akulimbana njira. Ndi inu mukhoza kufufuza zochitika ndi katundu wa chirengedwe.

The njira comaliza, ife zimaonetsa, - mawerengeredwe. Ndi kuphunzira chodabwitsa makamaka mwa kulenga chitsanzo.

Choncho, phunziro, zolinga ndi njira zamoyo, ife tafotokozeramu. Potsiriza, ndikuuzeni za kufunika kwa sayansi.

Mtengo wa Biology

N'zoona amagwira ntchito yofunika youmba dziko lathu, komanso kumvetsa wofunikila ndi akatswiri methodological mavuto. Komanso, n'kofunika kwambiri zothandiza (akupereka yankho la mavuto chakudya, malangizo pamankhwala tizilombo, etc ..). Makamaka kuonetsetsa kuti zofuna anthu chakudya, ayenera kwambiri kuonjezera buku la ulimi. Njira yothetsera vutoli nawo sayansi monga nyama husbandry ndi ulimi. Iwo potengera zomwe wa kuswana zomera ndi chibadwa.

Zokhudza malamulo cha chibadwa ndi masiyanidwe limakupatsani kulenga Mitundu waphindu a ziweto, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera nakulitsa. Zimenezi zimathandiza anthu ku munda intensively, osati kwambiri. Zikomo onse amene adakomana ndi zofuna za anthu mu chakudya. zikayenda Biology ntchito mankhwala komanso chitetezo zachilengedwe.

Monga mukuonera, cholinga ndi zolinga za sayansi ya zamoyo ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa mfundo ndi maganizo awo. Zikomo athandizapo anthu ake apita patsogolo kwambiri.