Non-akakhala zitsulo: mbali ndi mbali ya ntchito. Processing zitsulo sanali akakhala

zitsulo Non-akakhala ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo awo ankagwiritsa ntchito makampani. A iwo apange zida, zida, zipangizo, ndi kumanga anachita. Ntchito Iwo ngakhale mu luso, monga kumanga misewu ndi ziboliboli. ndi zitsulo sanali akakhala chiyani? Tchulani chiyani ali nazo? Tiyeni tipeze izo.

Kodi zitsulo?

Pa chiyambi cha phunziro ndi dzina lake "zitsulo" zikuphatikizapo komanso mchere ndi miyala, kupatutsa zosiyana linayamba m'zaka za m'ma XVI. Zitsulo - ndi losavuta zinthu makhalidwe ena. Makhalidwe chachikulu ndi madutsidwe matenthedwe ndi madutsidwe magetsi, ductility, zachitsulo Sheen, mkulu plasticity ndi mphamvu imodzi.

Patebulo nthawi ndi nthawi akuwakayikira monga 94 amafotokozera. katundu mankhwala, iwo anawagawa zamchere, Transitional, kuwala, lanthanides, actinides, theka-zitsulo, ndi zina zotero. D. Nyengo wabwinobwino, ali poyambirira mu boma olimba.

Mmodzi wa zitsulo wotchuka ntchito - chitsulo. Kasakaniza wazitsulo okhala chitsulo, wotchedwa zitsulo akakhala ku mafakitale iwo amakhala osiyana makampani kagawo kakang'ono. Zikuphatikizapo kasakaniza wazitsulo monga chitsulo ndi zitsulo. Chifukwa zitsulo akakhala nthawi zina amatchedwa chromium ndi manganese. Ena akuda.

zitsulo Non-akakhala

mtundu Izi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "sanali akakhala" zitsulo. Poyerekeza ndi wakuda, si kwambiri atengeke kuvala, ndi kukana mkulu ndi moto kukana. zitsulo Non-akakhala ndi mosavuta ndi zosavuta pokonza. Iwo akhoza kupanga kasakaniza wazitsulo asidi zosagwira.

Iwo agawidwa m'magulu angapo, malingana ndi katundu thupi ndi kuchuluka. Choncho, pali zitsulo ndi kuwala. Adzaupereka kwa woyamba kutsogolera, tini Mercury, nthaka, ndi wachiwiri - magnesium, beryllium, lifiyamu ndi zotayidwa. Titaniyamu, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten yodziwika monga refractory.

Kutalikirana monga zitsulo zosoŵa komanso zamtengo wapatali. Zina anafotokoza tantalum, molybdenum, Analandira, thorium. Iwo sali ofanana kwambiri matanthwe a pansi padziko, ndi processing awo ndi zovuta. zitsulo mfulu kapena wapatali mwamtheradi si dzimbiri ndipo ndi luster wapadera. Iwo anapereka golide, pulatinamu, siliva, ruthenium, osmium, Palade, iridium.

Processing ndi kupanga

M'zigawo ndi processing zitsulo sanali akakhala amafuna zinthu zambiri kuposa mankhwala yachitsulo, monga iwo ali n'kukhala kwambiri. The ores ambiri muli mpaka 5% ya wothandizila opindulitsa kuti ntchito zamalonda. Chikadzangotha m'zigawo miyala kopindulitsa, kulekanitsa icho kuchokera gangue, kuti kuonjezera zili zitsulo.

Kalatayi pansi pa njira zosiyanasiyana kusintha kukula kwake, akalumikidzidwa, makhalidwe. Masitepe njira ndi luso processing amadalira cholinga ankafuna. zitsulo Non-akakhala zikuphatikizapo akamaumba awo, kukanikiza, kulipira, kuwotcherera, ndi zina zotero. D. Pakuti ena mwa makhalidwe awo ali osokonezeka ndi mzake. The kasakaniza wazitsulo odziwika bwino anapangidwa zitsulo zotayidwa anodized, babbitt, mkuwa, silumin, mkuwa.

Wotchuka kwambiri mafakitale sanali akakhala zitsulo - zotayidwa ndi mkuwa. Awo manufactures Russia, USA, Italy, Germany, Japan, Australia, ndi Latin America. migodi kwambiri mkuwa Chile. Guinea pa mtsogoleri dziko msika kupanga bauxite kupanga kutsogolera - Austria, tini - Indonesia. South Africa tithe woyamba kupanga golide ndi siliva ncho mu Mexico.

The ntchito zitsulo

zitsulo Non-akakhala ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo awo ndi zipangizo mosalekeza. Tsiku ndi tsiku, tsiku lililonse ife kuthana nawo. Anachita khomo amangomvera, miphika, maketulo, ndi zipangizo digito kunyumba, mipando, ndi nyali ndi zambiri.

Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito yomanga m'madera osiyanasiyana ndi zipangizo. Wa opangidwa ndi waya, zomangira, mtedza, zomangira, misomaliyo, kupanga zojambulazo zigawo zazikulu osiyana, magulu, mapepala ndi machubu.

zitsulo Non-akakhala ali oyenera kupanga zida lalikulu, Chotero ntchito makampani a chitetezo. Opepuka kuposa chitsulo, ntchito pamene anafunikira nyonga ndi lightness pa nthawi yomweyo, monga magalimoto, sitima, sitima zankhondo ndi ndege.

Mkuwa ntchito zomangamanga, pamene zotsimikizira mipope. Pakuti durability izo anawonjezera kuti golide pa kupanga miyala yamtengo wapatali. Kukuthandiza anawonjezera kuti inki, izo ntchito Kulumikizana, kupanga zipolopolo ndi mabomba. The lifiyamu chofunika kwa kupanga mabatire soda kwa Optics mu zamagetsi, ndi mankhwala.

Features ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Zitsulo ambiri mu matanthwe a pansi padziko - zotayidwa. Mwa zinthu zonse lotseguka ndi wachitatu, kumbuyo mpweya ndi pakachitsulo. Mosiyana kuti pali zina zitsulo rhenium mu chikhalidwe, dzina lake pambuyo German mtsinje Rhine.

Lifiyamu ndi lightest. Iwo ali otsika kachulukidwe, ngakhale amayandama mu nyale. Lifiyamu ndi poizoni ndipo amachititsa amayaka pa khungu ndi mkwiyo. Iwo amasunga flasks wapadera ndi mafuta mchere kapena paraffin.

Ambiri ankaona refractory tungsten. Mwina anasungunuka pa kutentha pamwamba 3422 madigiri seshasi chithupsa - pa madigiri 5555. Zikomo Mbali imeneyi ndi ntchito filament mu mababu kuwala ndi kinescopes.