Lamulo la inertia. Mavuto kufotokoza zochitika tsiku ndi tsiku

Ena mwa njira ndi zochitika kuti aloŵe nafe nthawi zonse zokhudza chikhalidwe ndi zimayambitsa amene sitiganiza n'komwe kuganiza, zakuya Kupenda kungakhale sizidzatha amawatenga pa malamulo amene amalamulira thupi dziko lonse.

Zingatanthauze kuti kufanana chinthu kupumula pansi, ndi kuchita rectilinear yunifolomu zoyenda? Mfundo za kayendedwe ndi chidwi anzeru kwambiri wakale. "Physics" a Aristotle, chibwenzi kumbuyo m'ma IV BC, muli nkhani chikhalidwe cha wakale woganiza Greek a mpumulo ndi apaulendo. Pafupifupi kutsatira njira yoyenera pofuna kufotokoza zodabwitsazi, ndipo izo zimapanga yochititsa chidwi kwambiri, mu ntchito yake lotsatira "Zimango". Aristotle kwathunthu anasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "wachabechabe mtheradi" ndipo anapeza kuti gulu iliyonse ayenera kukhala wokondwa okhazikika pa phunziro la mphamvu yeniyeni. Iye ananena kuti ndi kuchotsa mphamvu amadza ndi kayendedwe mabasi. Choncho, woganiza, ndi sitepe kutali kukhala wokhoza kufotokoza chilamulo cha inertia, Ine anatsatira munjira yolakwika.

Panatenga zaka zikwi ziwiri za ganizo la munthu anatsutsa mfundo za Aristotle. Chitaliyana wasayansi nzeru zapamwamba, zomangamanga ndi zakuthambo Galileo Galilei anapeza zolakwa za sayansi mwamwambo chabe nthawi chithandizo kayendedwe ka Nature. lamulo Galileo wa inertia ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu limafanana ndi malongosoledwe amakono, koma n'zochititsa chidwi kuti kunali kosatheka kuti mawu ake ndi umboni wa ntchito maziko experimental chifukwa cha kusowa makhalidwe abwino. Izi kumasulira Italy woganiza ikuchitika pamaziko a kuzipenya munthu, potsatira mwake ndi ntchito njira kuwonongedwa.

Choncho lamulo la inertia pafupifupi mwana wa Galileo, ngakhale ntchito ndi sayansi masiku ano kutanthauzira Cartesian. ubwino wina wa ku Italy yaikulu Buku chakuti ufulu kuyenda ndi zotheka osati mu mzere woongoka, koma bwalo. Pafupifupi ndendende kopanda izi zingatheke kufotokoza ndi makina zoyenda ndi inertia. Chilamulo cha kusamala za nthawi inertia ndi zomveka kupitiriza kwa anapeza Galileo.

Zotsatira za ku England Isaak Nyuton analenga malamulo a zimango. Iye anatembenuka pa lamulo la inertia mu dongosolo monga woyamba. Koma sayansi alibe kuima - kwa moyo wa dongosolo Newtonian mobwerezabwereza pansi kumudzudzula komanso kuyesa abwereze ndi postulates anaika mu izo.

The mzaka zana makumi awiri, amene wakhala nthawi ya ntchito younikanso kwakukulu malamulo miyambo mukopedwe anapeza Einstein lakhala kusinthidwa ena kuti kutanthauzira kwa malamulo chachikulu zimango. Koma ntchito zothandiza anapezazo zomangamanga ndi mamangidwe a kachitidwe makina kotero mfundo ndi kachitidwe ka zimango mwambo ndiye ntchito.

Pamene tigwiritsa ntchito mu kuchita, lamulo la inertia, pamene tikugwira kuwerengetsera kofunika kuti chiwerengero cha mfundo. Pofuna kukwaniritsa kuli wodzala dongosolo inertial ndi zosatheka. Nthawi zambiri kuwerengetsera mosavuta kuvomereza kuti dongosolo si inertial, zomwe zimachititsa n'zosatheka ntchito malamulo Newton. Poganizira wagawo aliyense wachibale dongosolo kutchulidwa, imene tiyenera kutenga galimoto yokha, tikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a inertia, bola ngati galimoto n'kupuma, kapena ukusunthira uniformly. Pansi mathamangitsidwe ndi braking, chimango ichi Buku kwathunthu wotaya katundu inertial.

Munthu angathe tchulani zitsanzo zambiri pamene inu muyenera kuti mupeze chifukwa njira chosavuta kutaya zinthu, ngakhale zogwirizana, koma ndiribe kukhudzanso mfundo yomaliza. zimango Modern ndithu kulola ufulu zimenezi, koma kwa kuwerengetsera zolondola zimafunika kutenga nkhani zina chifukwa kukhazikitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi kusinthidwa.