Castle Georgenburg: chithunzi, adiresi, maulendo

N'zovuta kunena chifukwa nyumba kotero kumuyesa anthu. Mwina zimenezi chifukwa chakuti kwa zaka 500 zapitazo, awo wokongola "propiarili" olemba loyamba chivalry, ndipo pambuyo - ndi Opanga filimuyi ndi ngakhale ndiAmene masewera a pakompyuta.

Mu Russia nyumba ochepa akale anapulumuka masiku ano. Pafupifupi onse a iwo, kupatula Genoese linga Crimea, ili mu dera North-kumadzulo, kuphatikizapo dera la dera Kaliningrad. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Georgenburg m'linga.

Ankhondo Teutonic

The Order German linakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 12 ku Palestine ndi wogonera German, kukhazikitsa kuchipatala muno odwala ndi ovulala. Posachedwapa, kusintha kumene ntchito yake ndipo anakhala nkhondo yauzimu. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 13 zinaoneka ku likulu Order, yomwe ili m'tauni Bavarian wa Eschenbach, ndipo patapita anali wokwatibwa ndi Nuremberg.

Mu 1217 ndi Teutonic Knights anapita pa ntchito yochotsa akunja Prussian. Pogonjetsa mayiko awo, iwo anakhazikitsa nyumba zambiri, kumene iwo anasiya midzi ya asilikali kuteteza atsamunda German.

Mmodzi wa iwo anali Konigsberg, yomwe inamangidwa pa malo Tuvangste wakale m'dera 1255.

Patatha zaka 18 Teutonic detachment molamulidwa ndi Dietrich Lidelau anafika pafupi Chernyakhovsk zamakono, ndipo analanda linga achikunja Prussians Saminis Vick, dzina anamasuliridwa ngati Stone kukhala. Pafupi Munalinso kuthetsa Tamman ndi Valkau. Komabe, iwo analephera kugwira chinyumba, kotero Knights anakakamizika kupuma.

Latsopano limene likubwera Teutons chinachitika mu 1336. nthawi ino, ntchitoyi inali bwino, ndipo Insterburg Nyumbayi anakhazikitsidwa. maonekedwe ake amalembedwa lolimbikitsa la Teutonic Order m'mayiko amenewa.

malo Nyumbayi

Mu 1337, zinadziwika kuti Insterburg sangathe akomere Ankhondo onse ofunika pofuna kuteteza zofuna za dziko Order. Kenako 2.5 kukafika ku linga mkulu wa Mwini Teutonic Order Vinriha maziko Kniprode Nyumbayi matabwa inamangidwa dzina la St. George Georgenburg. Mu mbiri yakale mzinda woyamba kutchulidwa 1354 mogwirizana ndi kuukira pa iye, pansi pa utsogoleri wa Chilituyaniya Kestutis. Makamaka mu Nkhani ya Wigand a Marburg ali ndi mbiri 1/3 wa asilikali Chilituyaniya, pochokera Vela, anaukira Nyumbayi ndipo anamupangitsa iye zimaononga. Anawazunza anapangidwa pambuyo.

Popeza matabwa Georgenburg kunali kovuta kuteteza, Mwini Order ya dongosolo Vinriha maziko Kniprode mochedwa 1380, anthu linga anawonongedwa ndipo anamanga mwala malinga.

Mbiri ya m'zaka za m'ma 16

Mu theka lachiwiri la 14 m'ma Nyumbayi Georgenburg mobwerezabwereza pansi looting. Makamaka, nthawi zina anali anaukira ndi Lithuanians ndi Chitata, Zitsulo ntchito, akuyesa kulikankhira Teutons ndi mayiko awo akale. The kuwonongeka kwambiri amayambidwa ndi nyumba kalonga Gonshevskim. Iye anaukira ndi kulanda Georgenburg pa mutu wa Mongol-Chitata, nyumba zambiri ataphwasula pansi, akapolo anyamata, komanso ambiri a ng'ombe. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, malo wabwezeretsedwa, ndipo mpaka 1525 Georgenburg maulendo Nyumbayi amene ali otchuka kwambiri lero, ntchito ngati malo okhala a bishopu Zamlandskogo. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye anadza ku malo a 34 Mwini Teutonic Order ndi woyamba Prussian Duke Albrehta Gogentsollerna.

Patatha zaka 120 Georgenburg Nyumbayi analanda Chitata. Kenako, mu zaka 1643-1648 ndipo mu nyengo ya zaka makumi atatu nkhondo Nyumbayi anali kulamulidwa ndi asilikali a Sweden.

History mu 18 la - m'ma 19

An yosaiwalika m'mbiri ya m'linga inayamba mu 1709 pamene, pamene mlili amene anawononga dera, Friedrich Wilhelm loyamba analipereka ilo mu umwini anthu. Komabe, dziko loyandikira anakhalabe bwinja mpaka osasunthika anthu ku Austria Salzburg.

Mu zoyambirira za m'ma 18, atate ndi mwana maziko Koydell anakhazikitsidwa mu Georgenburg munda, pamene iwo anayamba zimaswana akavalo. Tikumbukenso kuti Prussia ankachita kuswana kavalo kuchokera kalelo. Ngakhale mu nthawi ya Teutonic Order padali kuchepetsedwa 2 Mahatchiwa: m'dera Prussian "Schweich" ndipo zikuluzikulu "chivalrous" kavalo. Mtengo wa Mare ankafuna kuti nkhondo, zopangidwa anafika 18, pamene njati anali ofunika theka. Kotero kuti maziko banja Koydell yekha anapitiriza miyambo ulemerero wa Prussian kuswana kavalo. Mahatchiwo iwo anagulitsa Trakehner sitadi munda. Kuyambira 1740 mu chinyumba kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Germany wakhala unachitikira Kukwera Akavalo wapadziko pa kudumpha mu mtunda, amene ankadziwika ngati Kusaka kudumpha.

Pa zaka zisanu nkhondo Nyumbayi Georgenburg unagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali Russian, ndipo kumeneko anaika okhala ndi Russian Field polimbana SF Apraksin.

Kufotokozera wa m'mudzi mwa m'ma 18

Wolemba mbiri Lukanus kumanzere chikalata chimene chikutchulidwa kuti pafupi Nyumbayi inali Georgenburg mbewu kwa kupanga mowa ndi mchewere. Palinso mpingo, amene ali silhouette la nsanjayo, anamanga mwala wofiira mu 1693. Mkati mpingo linali lalikulu ndipo anali ndi guwa lokongola kwambiri ndi guwa, ofotokozedwa chosema mwala. Kusirira mpingo unali vicarage. Mudzi yokha inkakhala ndi umodzi wautali msewu. Iye ankakhala amisiri yekha. Komanso, kuthetsa kunali munda yapamwamba, komwe mu 1739 phwando ndi nawo Mfumu Fridriha Vilgelma.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19

Mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, Prussia wasanduka m'bwalomo kwa Napoleonic Nkhondo. Pomenyana zinali kuchitika ndi kuzungulira mzinda wamakono wa Chernyakhovsk. Pa kuukira Königsberg mu 1812 mu chinyumba Georgenburg likulu la polimbana Davoust L .. Nkhondo itatha, Prussia anagulitsa mbali ya dziko boma akumeneko kwa anthu ena pankhaniyo. Makamaka mu 1814, Königsberg Georgenburg anapeza wamalonda Heine, amene kenako ikugulitsidwa kwa Simpsons, ndi mbadwa anthu ochokera ku Scotland.

sitadi

Mu 1828, The Simpsons anakhazikitsidwa mu Georgenburg sitadi, umene posachedwapa anatchuka kwambiri kupitirira malire a Prussia. bwino kampani unali noticeable kuti mu 1840 Friedrich Wilhelm Chachinayi Simpsons kupatsidwa knighthood.

Akatswiri georgenburgskogo sitadi Trakehner zinatha kubwera kulemera pafupifupi, kungokhala ndi ankawoloka Prussian "Schweich" ndi akavalo English. Iwo chimatengedwa ngati imodzi yabwino ya ayipanga pa Ulaya. Kufunika kwa Georgenburg akavalo sitadi munda kunali kwakukulu moti anali kugulitsa akavalo osati Prussia, komanso zimagulitsidwa ku Russian Ufumu. Kugula kavalo uyu akanatha anthu okha olemera kwambiri. Ndipo lero moyo nthano za stallion Bakasi, amene mu 1872 anagulitsidwa kwa ndalama lowoneka la 32 000 DM. Atamwalira membala wotsiriza wa mtundu Simpsons Georgenburgsky Nyumbayi ndi sitadi munda, kavalo racecourse ndi boma Prussian yotengedwa ndi kulipira zizindikiro mamiliyoni atatu. Ataimirira makola 200 mahatchiwo anasankha.

History Georgenburg Nyumbayi m'dera Kaliningrad isanafike Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19 ndi 20, nyumba ya mpanda wolimba anali ukasintha adzamangidwenso. Pa nthawi yomweyo zikadzawonongedwa, ena nyumba akale. Cholinga cha kukhazikitsanso ndi kufunika kuphatikiza loko sitadi munda. Chifukwa, iye anakhala wapakamwa kum'mwera kwa mpanda wolimba kwambiri.

Pa First World nkhondo pa dera la Insterburg District ankakhulupirira analowa asilikali a Russia. Komabe, nkhondo zofunika m'dera lino sanali. Asilikali ndi akuluakulu a asilikali Russian anali atalamulidwa kuti kulemekeza anthu am'deralo monga panali dongosolo Insterburgskogo District kuti inalowa Russia.

Pambuyo pa nkhondo mu 1919 pamaziko a bungwe anthu Georgenburg fakitale makola. Pali ukali malo okongola ndi kasupe ndi makola, wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba ake awiri-mita njerwa khoma. Pa famu kavalo zikugwira kuswana akavalo Hanoverian, Holsteiner ndi Trakehner Mitundu, cholinga mpikisano Kukwera Akavalo Olympic.

Kale mu 1938, anthu a mahatchiwo Prussian East, anali pa malo, anafika chiwerengero cha nyama 230-240. Ena mwa iwo anali awiri mahatchi Arabia akavalo.

mbiri zina

Chiyambireni cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World chuma ndi Georgenburg Castle (chithunzi anatengedwa nthawi imeneyi, onani. Mmunsimu) adalowa si nthawi yabwino mu mbiri yake. Pa mthunzi wa asilikali German akavalo onse anawatengera ku Germany. Sitadi anachoka ndipo ambiri ogwira ntchito ku Germany mitundu, kotero Nyumbayi ndi pafupifupi kanthu.

Mu 1945 chuma n'kukhala mudzi dzina Mayevka komwe anthu ochokera RSFSR anayamba kufika. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu Nyumbayi anatsegula msasa maulendo, kumene akaidi German nkhondo anali. Kudzera anapitirira pafupifupi 250 000 anthu. About akaidi amene sanabwerere ku Germany, lero akufanana ndi mwala mtanda Mayevka. Akaidi ntchito pa ntchito yomanga. Makamaka, manja awo anali mfutizo akale njerwa mpingo, amene adadziwika kwa guwa lake wokongola.

Mu zaka wotsatira, a nyumba ntchito ngati ndende, ndipo kenako - monga Matenda opatsirana Hospital, chimene chinafika mpaka 70s lapansi. Kenako anaperekedwa kwa nyumba.

Utatha la Soviet Union

Lero, alendo kubwera kwa Mayevka kuona zowoneka a dera Kaliningrad, onani kokha bwinja la Nyumbayi Georgenburg. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, popeza 1939 ndipo mpaka kugwa kwa nyumba Soviet Union, umene panthawi imeneyo unali zaka zoposa 700, anabwezeretsedwa.

Mu 1990s oyambirira, zofukulidwa pansi zinayamba kuchitikira chifukwa cha kulinga. Asayansi mtembo wa malemu nyumba akale nthawi akhala anatulukira, koma ntchito posakhalitsa udzachepetsedwa. Kumapeto kwa 90s wa Georgenburg kunditumiza ku pangano yaitali "Russian Insurance Bank." Komabe, kulenga mu chinyumba chikhalidwe ndi zosangalatsa pakati, momwe munakonzera, sikutheka chifukwa cha ndalama mavuto mkangano.

Castle Georgenburg mu Chernyakhovsk ruinizirovatsya anayamba, anayamba kupeza malo zinthu sakonda ndi anthu opanda zogona lokhazikika.

zinthu zinavuta kwambiri ogwetsa pamene mu 2009 panali moto waukulu ku linga la. Chaka chotsatira, iye, mwa zina zipilala m'mbiri komanso kamangidwe kake, anapereka ROC.

kubadwanso

Mu April 2010, ndi chilolezo cha anthu a Mpingo mu chinyumba Georgenburg (Address: Kaliningrad dera, Chernyakhovsky chigawo Mayevka mudzi) anayamba ntchito yobwezeretsa. Iwo gulu yogwira ndi: NGO "Depository", achinyamata Local History Society "White Khwangwala", kalabu ya mafani kukhazikitsanso mbiri "Kunakhala wa North", ophunzira a mafakitale-pedagogical koleji Kaliningrad, atsogoleri a chipembedzowo wa Mpingo Arhangela Mihaila, ndipo anthu ambiri Chernyakhovsk. Choyamba, panali zikuluzikulu yoyeretsa ya m'linga, kumene 18 unatengedwa magalimoto zinyalala. Komanso pali anachotsa tchire, iwo anafukula wakale miyala yopangira bwalo, anabwezeretsa denga, madzi ndi ukhondo imodzi ya nyumba ya kupulumuka.

chitukuko ntchito zokopa alendo

Kukhazikitsa dongosolo la gulu la Nyumbayi-owonetsera zakale "Georgenburg" anayamba ndi chikondwerero cha kukhazikitsanso m'mbiri yakale July 2010. Ndinatuluka pamodzi zibonga ozungulira dera ndipo madera ena a Russia.

Pa nthawi, kukula kwa ntchito zokopa alendo ku Mayevka ntchito ndi sitadi munda pafupi Nyumbayi ndi omasuka, hotelo ano. Pa pempho la alendo ake ndi onse chidwi ndi maulendo Georgenburg m'linga. Alendo mu linga okonzeka Chargrill m'deralo. Taonani kuti Nyumbayi Georgenburgskom loletsa mowa.

Ali Georgenburg Castle

Monga tanena malo alendo ili m'mudzi wa Mayevka. Iwo akhoza anafika ku mzinda wa Chernyakhovsk basi. Iye amayendetsera pafupipafupi ola. Ngati nyengo yabwino, alendo akulangizidwa athawe ku chinyumba wapansi Chernyakhovsk. njira kutalika adzakhala 2 Km. Pankhaniyi kudzakhala kotheka kuona kukongola loko kutsegula kuchokera ku mbali ya msewu.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe zingakhale zosangalatsa ulendowu kwa Georgenburg m'linga. Chernyahovsk lingapereke alendo ndi ankadziwa zokopa zina zosangalatsa monga Mpingo St. Michael Mabwinja a linga ndi chinyumba Insterburg Zaal, Bismarck Tower, latsopano tawuni ya ndi ena.