Lina ntchito zachuma - ndi ... Management wa ntchito yachilendo zachuma

ntchito yachilendo zachuma - ndi ntchito za boma mu chuma kunja malonda zoweta. Ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma onse ali m'njira chikugwirizana ndi msika amalimbikitsa pa mitundu yonse ya ntchito: kayendedwe, kugulitsa katundu. Ndipotu, ndi dongosolo zovuta wopangidwa limasonyeza ambiri modalirana.

Potsilizira pake, yachilendo zachuma ntchito ali ndi cholinga - kupanga phindu chifukwa cha kukhazikitsa ena wotuluka ku mayiko msika.

Monga yofunika zikuluzikulu za malonda bwino akuti ndi kafukufuku msika, kufunika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya katundu, pamaso pa mpikisano, kuphunzira makampani - makasitomala odalirika pamaso pa gulu lalikulu la Ngopambana, chuma komanso kulima ntchito udindo kuyambitsa sukulu ndi kusamalila kugwira ntchito njira zonse zatchulidwa pamwambapa.

Features a ntchito ya boma ku dera la chuma yachilendo

Russian yachilendo ntchito zachuma ali khalidwe yake peculiarities. Mgwirizano zogwirizana ndondomeko ya msika asapita imakhala ndi zofunika zochepa mfundo. Lofunika mwa awa:

1) boma lamulo la zochitika malonda yachilendo ya malamulo a m'mayiko ena. The ntchito wotuluka malonda yachilendo N'zosatheka chidziwitso cha chimango malamulo malamulo ndi ntchito makamaka;

2) Kukhala paubwenzi mu dera la chuma yachilendo - msika, choncho zochita ayenera malamulo misika. ubwenzi malonda sizigwira ntchito ngati abwenzi ochokera m'mayiko osiyana ndi chidwi mgwirizano mangawawo. ntchito yachilendo zachuma, anaonetsa wotuluka iliyonse lonse, sangathe popanda zokambirana, wotuluka malonda pakati pa abwenzi. Ndi - zofunika, yofunika wocheperapo FEA ntchito;

3) osachepera mbali yofunika ndikupeleka aliyense kupereka zoyendera makampani inshuwalansi modal ndi zoyendera multimodal. Ntchito ndi imodzi mwa dziko N'zosatheka mgwirizano pakati pa miyambo, kuphana ndalama, ngati chilolezo ndi kuthetsa ndi zofunika kwa mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito. malamulo onse anakhazikitsa ndipo anatengera akati, zilembedwe anati, kotero luso ndi nzeru za okhudzidwa ndi zofunika kwambiri.

Oyang'anira mu mfundo yachilendo ya boma

Mu dziko lathu, kuti kasamalidwe ntchito yachilendo chuma cha boma Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda ndi udindo. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mitundu yambiri ya ntchito Russia lasintha lalikulu. Ntchito ya Utumiki wa Trade:

• nthawi ndi amayang'anira asapita malonda;
• Izo zimapangitsa maganizo kwa kugwirizana kwa mfundo yachilendo pakati maiko - abwenzi;
• Iwo amaonetsetsa kukhazikitsa maganizo anatengera ndi malamulo.

Komanso, Russian Ministry of Finance maudindo zikuphatikiza:

• lamulo kwa misonkho;
• malamulo kwa mayiko midzi;
• Khama la ndondomeko pa nkhani zokhudzana ndi ndalama, crediting ntchito zosiyanasiyana chuma kunja;
• Pogwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana kunja;
• kupereka zinthu dziko lake mu mabungwe International Monetary ndi ngongole, komanso m'mayiko ena a Bank wa Central. Kuti Bank Central, Russia ndi waukulu ovomerezeka thupi wokhulupirira kulamulira wotuluka ndalama pa kuphana zakunja, komanso yang'anira ubale pakati pawo.

Customs - phunziro ubale yachilendo zachuma

zochitika Customs - kumakhalanso yachilendo ntchito zachuma. Customs State Komiti ya Russian Federation, akufotokozera ndi zipangizo zachuma ndondomeko boma, ndi chimodzi mwa zofunika ziwalo za msonkho ndi mlandu dongosolo la dziko. Komanso, boma bungwe asaaonerera pa ntchito zonse mu makampani, zonse zochitika chuma m'njira zosiyanasiyana pa maziko a mfundo miyambo yapangidwa Russia.

Kudutsa mu ndondomeko loyang'anira miyambo ndi chizindikiritso cha lililonse limakhala mankhwala alandira malamulo ake. Komanso, chofunika nomenclature wa ntchito yachilendo zachuma ikuchitika mu malamulo alipo Russian. Zikomo njirayi, akatswiri amatha kulumikiza ndi kuphunzira dongosolo la dziko lonse.

Chitukuko cha ntchito yachilendo chuma kukhazikitsa apamwamba ndi ubwenzi ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa. Pakuti awo mapangidwe n'kofunika zokulitsa bizinezi ojambula pakati pa akunja abwenzi - alimi ndi Waogula Zinthu Kunja, kuwathandiza, kuthandiza. Pa nthawi imeneyi, a udindo ndi makonsolo mu zigawo, komanso oimira makonzedwe a, Komiti ya Zamalonda la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Today Russia ali ndi okhazikika bwino asapita msika ndi maiko ambiri pafupi ndi kutali kudziko lina.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kukonzanso

kukonza angapo ikuchitika pa nthawi yaitali anapereka kwa chilengedwe cha Nawonso achichepere limodzi, imene yachilendo ntchito zachuma. Ndi choyamba, umachitira mbali yofunika kwambiri standardization zako pa msika kunja. Ngakhale onse zachitikanso ndi kusintha sanadutsitse kusintha kwakukulu, nkhani ndi mavuto pa msika lonse idakalipo. State yachilendo ntchito chuma Russia akadali osati kwathunthu okonzeka, monga wakhala anayamba asanakalambe. Mopupuluma liberalization pamapeto pake zinachititsa kuti:

• kudalira pa katundu wa katundu wambiri;
• kuwonongeka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko a katundu;
• azingokhala ambiri misika m'dziko, amene avutika kwa zoweta opanga;
• katundu wathu mikono, wa sayansi yopanga.

Dera la ntchito yachilendo chuma Russia mobwerezabwereza zagonjetsedwa kwa kusintha, koma panthawi imeneyi ya limagwirira cha lamulo ake amakhalabe ungwiro.

Malangizo waukulu mu dera la chuma yachilendo

State lamulo yachilendo zachuma ntchito ayenera kukhala wogwira mtima dongosolo, kutanthauza kuti ankafuna kusinthasintha kwa aliyense phunziro kwa latsopano ano zochita za msika chuma:

• internationalization kupanga;
• chitukuko cha gulu lonse za ntchito;
• kukhazikitsanso akale ndi chilengedwe cha mafakitale latsopano chuma;
• likulu watsopano okhudzidwa ndi inflow ndalama mu ichi kapena icho ntchito;
• chitukuko cha wolimba ntchito mwa transnational mabungwe;
• ndi liberalization wa malonda pakati pa maiko awiri. Nkofunika kuchepetsa ntchito miyambo kupasula zofunikila pa katundu wolowa ndi kutuluka kwa katundu, kupanga mabacteria kwambiri ufulu chuma.

Ngati inu kuthetsa dera zotchinga Pangani wamba misika ndi kuwonjezeka chiwerengero cha ufulu wochita malonda mabacteria, zotsatira pa akunja chuma asapita mu akaphatikiza onse a pamwamba zinthu zidzakhala kwambiri.

Kusintha malonda achilendo: tariffs ndi mitengo

Kusintha mobwerezabwereza pansi tariffs. Tariff milled anakhazikitsa padera pa mtundu wa mankhwala, kusiyanitsidwa chindapusa, potero kulimbikitsa katundu wa katundu kunja kapena mosinthanitsa, kuti musunge iwo ngati ulimi wake wabweretsa dziko phindu lalikulu. Dera la miyambo lamulo mu zaka kudza amakumana kusintha kwenikweni. Boma akuyenera kuchepetsa ntchito ndi cholinga zawo zili kwa wambiri katundu, osati zinthu zing'onozing'ono payokha.

Iwo amalandiranso kugwirizana kwa mitengo tariff, kuchepetsa ntchito pambuyo inalowa ndi adzaimira Russia kwa WTO. Kale m'mayiko ambiri otukuka, mlingo wa misonkho mu tariffs miyambo ndi ambiri, koma osati mpweya kanjedza. Ofunika kukhala lonse osiyanasiyana lamulo sanali tariff ubale pakati pa luntha la kanthu, chifukwa chindapusa m'munsi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zopinga sanali tariff zosiyanasiyana. Mayiko malonda yachilendo ntchito za ena States pankhaniyi atha kutumikira ngati chitsanzo malamulo dziko.

Kusintha misonkho ndipo entrepreneurship

Mu Russia, ndi misonkho pa ena Boma yopindulitsa akadali anthu. Waogula Zinthu Kunja safuna kuti aganyali mu chuma cha dziko lathu, ngati iwo ali wapamwamba-phindu kuchokera mwa kundipatsako kwa zipangizo zake yaiwisi pa dziko msika ku mayiko ena.

M'pofunika kulabadira entrepreneurship nzeru, kudziwa-tima zogulitsa kunja. Pofuna kupititsa katundu Kapangidwe ka thandizo Russian boma ndikofunika kupanga zogulitsa kunja kwa katundu chopangidwa. Ngati inu yothetsa katundu pulogalamu dera, mpikisano pakati makampani Russian zotsimikizira mankhwala ofanana, adzakhala zochepa.

Kusintha Mwachangu ubale kunja kwa chuma zotheka, diversifying misika katundu zoweta, komanso magwero a zipangizo amapangidwa kuti katundu, kukhalabe kugona ndi m'mayiko ambiri, nthawi zonse kuwonjezera osiyanasiyana awo.

Makamaka posachedwapa Relations okhonda Economic wa USSR

Tumizani ndi matanthauzo a captan n'kofunika malangizo ndi thunthu kusintha zinthu. The katundu wa likulu ku Russia anayamba zoyipa Asia m'zaka za m'ma 20. Pamene Soviet Union analenga wosanganiza olowa katundu kampani ndi kwenikweni monga ochita malonda pa katundu likulu mu mawonekedwe a ngongole kwa boma. Komanso, m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya Western ayamba lingaliro limeneli ndipo anayamba kulenga nyumba kunyumba.

Kwenikweni ngongole anapita ku Turkey, Iran, Mongolia, Afghanistan. Ena chachimango cha mayiko Nazo thandizo ku Soviet Union mtengo. Koma ndi kugwa kupatsidwa ake ngongole ndi thandizo kumayiko kunja anakana kwambiri. Kuchuluka katundu likulu, koma mitundu ina:

• chopereka ndalama mu lalikulu zoweta makampani;
• kupatsidwa kwa ngongole kwa tanthauzo la likulu payekha.

Kulunjika kwa ndalama mu chuma Russian

Lero, pa tanthauzo la likulu mu dziko lathu, lingaliro si ngakhale cholinga kuthetsa katundu wa dongosolo likulu sunayambe, kupatula zina zinthu zazing'ono izo. Captan ankalamulira katundu ku Russia mu 1991 anatengera Chilamulo "Pa liberalization wa ntchito chuma kunja dera la RSFSR."

Kuunikira kukhazikitsa ntchito kuwombola yachilendo ikuchitika pa maziko a lamulo "pa ndalama lamulo ndi Control". Private likulu ndi katundu wa boma sagwirizana, palibe tingathe Sadadzipangire. Ife tikungodziwa pangano chitetezo cha ndalama ndi maiko ena, kuteteza awiri misonkho.

Kuwayika zosiyanasiyana ndalama kunja alibe pochitika kusanthula ntchito malonda yachilendo. Komabe, yosaloledwa katundu likulu kunja sipezeka Russia.

Vuto la oletsedwa katundu likulu kunja

Panali kwambiri anthu ochokera oletsedwa, kutumiza likulu kuti akupeza katundu-ndalandira. makampani okhonda mayina mu kaundula wa boma n'chochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi makampani amene padera mu TV Russian. Mapangidwe dziko zofuna ndi zolinga mu munda wa katundu Russia zofuna kulenga mwatsatanetsatane mfundo za katundu wa mseri likulu kunja. Izi ndi zofunika osati akuluakulu apolisi, komanso ndalama payekha. Chikhazikitso cha mfundo Russian boma pa katundu likulu kunja kwa iwo mosavuta ndipo anamvetsa.

Pofuna kuthetsa dongosolo lonse likulu outflow ndi zovuta, chifukwa miyezo kutipanikiza ndi zoletsedwa si nthawi zonse zothandiza pa moyo wawo. Kuonjezera ndalama nyengo zikutanthauza:

• kuchepetsa katundu msonkho;
• ziziyenda bwino mmene nkhani zandale m'dziko;
• kuteteza kuwuka kufufuma;
• kutsatira malangizo;
• kuchepetsa zochitika wachifwamba chuma.

Ndi kusintha zinthu zisintha ndalama nyengo dziko, choncho kusintha kwa bwino mu nkhani ya inatha ndi katundu likulu. Mavuto pa mfundo katundu kunja kwa ndalama zakunja -problem boma lathu. Iyo inali yabwino ndalama nyengo UDZAKHALA NDI CILIMBIKITSO pa njira ya ulamuliro miyambo, ntchito kuwombola yachilendo, amathandiza kuti chitukuko bwino malonda.

ntchito yachilendo zachuma - ichi ndi dera la moyo chuma ndi ndale za boma, lomwe ndi kulimbikitsa udindo pa mkulu mlingo wa ndalama simungakhoze kuchita popanda ndalama zakunja. zinthu zonse umalimbana chikusintha ndalama chilengedwe okhudzana, kumene, ayenera kuchitidwa pamodzi. boma ayenera kumatsatira malo awa ndi kuthetsa ubale kunja chuma cha charo:

• Bwezerani ndi kukuza onse malo a ntchito ya CIS ndi kunja, monga European Union.
• Imathandizira pa ndondomeko ya kaphatikizidwe alipo mu maiko CIS.
• Pangani asapita kunja zachuma aluso mu zigawo zonse zitatu za Russia;
• Kuonetsetsa maudindo bwino ndi maudindo pakati pa zigawo ndi pakati pa udindo ndi zofunika zomwe n'chakuti yachilendo ntchito zachuma. Makonzedwe amenewa limalola ntchito m'njira decentralized, popanda kusokoneza njira kopitirira malonda ndipo nthawi yomweyo kusunga zinthu pansi kulamulira dziko.