Lingaliro, mbali, makhalidwe, kapangidwe ndi mitundu ya magulu ang'onoang'ono Social Psychology

Tsiku lililonse, munthu, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu, amakonda zinthu, chuma chawo ndi muyezo wa moyo anakumana ndi anthu ena kuntchito, kusukulu, achibale, mabwenzi, anzawo, ndi zina alendo. Anapanga ubale osiyanasiyana, kucheza ndi anzanu. Anthu ogwirizana magulu chidwi, akatswiri specialization kapena makhalidwe ena. njira iliyonseyo kulankhulana ndi ena likukhudza mapangidwe umunthu ndi mtima wa malo enieni munthu zinthu chikhalidwe. Kudziŵa zina maziko maganizo mapangidwe magulu chingathandize munthu kusankha malo awo. Akatswiri-zamaganizo zinthu zimenezi n'kofunika kulenga zinthu zabwino timu ntchito, ndipo mutu ithandiza bwino bungwe paudindo, kusamalira ntchito lotha antchito. Lero, tidzagawanadi zokhudza kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magulu ang'onoang'ono ndi zimene mikhalidwe yawo.

Ndi gulu laling'ono la kuwerenga maganizo otani?

Mu maganizo, gulu waung'ono wotchedwa mgwirizano wa ochepa anthu amene ali ndi umodzi kugwirizana momwe onse otenga mbali, pali zikulumikizana wamba chikhalidwe ndi zochita olowa. akaphatikiza chotero anapanga aliyense timu. Mitundu ya magulu ang'onoang'ono Social Psychology amadziŵika ndi njira mapangidwe: njira yokumba kapena zachilengedwe.

The funso kodi chiwerengero cha ophunzira ayenera ochepa mayanjano, zamaganizo ndi akatswiri mukukambirana padziko lonse. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti chilengedwe cha kagulu ka anthu awiri okha. Ena, azungu amakhulupirira kuti mitundu ya maubwenzi mu gulu laling'ono, wopangidwa mwa dyad (anthu awiri), zosiyana, iwo ndi makhalidwe awo, ena kuposa chizindikiro ka anthu kulumikizanitsa. Choncho, amalimbikitsa maganizo amenewa kutsimikizira view kuti mlingo wa gulu gulu laling'ono ayenera kukhala 3 anthu.

Ngakhale kwambiri kutsutsana tingafunse lokhudza nambala pazipita anthu m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mu ntchito za olemba osiyana tingawapeze pakati pamwamba 10, 12 kapena ngakhale 40. Mu mabuku a zamaganizo wotchuka Dzhekoba Levi Moreno, amene anali zimayesetsa vuto la chikhalidwe magulu, akusonyeza nambala pazipita gulu m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mu maganizo ake, ndi anthu 50. Koma yabwino mapangidwe mayanjano gulu 10-12. Iwo anafotokoza kuti anthu kuchita zambiri anthu amang'amba zimachitika kawirikawiri kwambiri, motero mapangidwe mitundu yatsopano ya magulu ang'onoang'ono.

mbali

Kudziwa Kutolere ochepa anthu monga gulu laling'ono, m'pofunika pamaso mbali zina zapadera:

1. Zonse pamisonkhano ya ophunzira.
2. Mapangidwe cholinga limodzi, zolinga.
3. General ntchito.
4. Pamaso pa mlathowo tanthauzo la mtsogoleri, mtsogoleri.
5. KUFOTOKOZERA udindo ndi ntchito za aliyense.
6. Mapangidwe ubale mkati lotha m'gululo.
7. malamulo maphunziro, miyambo, malamulo, mwa kagulu kakang'ono.

Mapangidwe zachilengedwe a gulu laling'ono

Pafupifupi nthawi zonse amapezeka collectives chachikulu mwangozi gulu la ophunzira mu chiwerengero ang'onoang'ono anzawo. Concept ndi mitundu ya magulu ang'onoang'ono amene apangidwa mwachibadwa, anatsimikiza mtima kusanthula mbali chosiyana ndi makhalidwe. Anagawa anthuwo ndi zofuna zofanana, amakonda malo moyo, ngakhale maganizo ndi zina zotero. Kugwirizana amatchedwa mwamwayi.

Aliyense malo ali makamaka chake gulu la anthu apagulu. Izi tiyenera kuziganizira atsogoleri okonza madera monga mapangidwe timagulu amakhudza luso ntchito ndi mlengalenga ambiri mu timu. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zothandiza kuphunzira mu timu ya ana ayenera kuonedwa kuti zikuchokera magulu mwamwayi analenga kusintha yaing'ono kwenikweni tsiku lililonse, statuses ndi udindo wa gulu zosiyanasiyana. Kucheza angakhale alipo, motsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu. Mwa ana a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana mtsogoleri ayenera kupambana ndi mbiri wopanda.

Mu magulu mwamwayi akatswiri a gulu la zochitika zopambana ayenera kukhala chanzeru mtsogoleri. Kusalankhula mgwirizano ogwira ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magulu ang'onoang'ono zina zoipa bwanji ntchito wa kampani. Zambiri anthu amatha wosakhutira maphwando utsogoleri kantchito ndi zinthu zina zimene zingakuthandizeni kuti amenye, layoffs chachikulu. Choncho, makampani akuluakulu, lopatsidwa nthawi ndi ndalama allocated pa kuwerenga maganizo a anthu ogwira, ntchito nthawi zonse zamaganizo. Imodzi mwa ntchito za katswiri ndi kupeza mayanjano ogwira ntchito komanso kudziwa lathu lawo, zochitika. Ndi njira yoyenera, magulu angagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino ntchito wa kampani.

gulu ofunda

Kuonetsetsa mitundu mwamwambo chabe timagulu chikhalidwe. Mbali ya gulu limeneli ndi zimene anthu ogwirizana osati kwambiri pa chifuniro ndi zokonda, ngati n'koyenera, udindo ndi zoyenera akatswiri. Ndi ofunda timagulu zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, kugwirizana kwa gulu loyang'anira kampaniyo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo akhoza kupangidwa, kulibe ndi kucheza mitundu osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa a m'magulu ang'onoang'ono gulu. Ngopambana ndipo zamaganizo ntchito kukhazikitsa ntchito za magulu a anthu, chitukuko kampani.

Ntchito ya magulu ang'onoang'ono

m'magulu ang'onoang'ono amagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri mu kukula ndi mapangidwe munthu ndi timu wonse. Zamaganizo ali zotsatirazi mbali kuti zofanana, ziribe kanthu zimene mitundu ya magulu ang'onoang'ono chikhalidwe kukhalapo mu gulu makamaka kwa anthu:

1. Socialization munthu. Kuyambira ndi munthu wamng'ono amaphunzira kucheza ndi ena amakonda anapanga ndi maganizo, makhalidwe ndi malo pa anthu.
2. Ntchito limaonetseratu ndi kupeza munthu makamaka mu gulu laling'ono, malo ake izo. Choncho anapanga kudzidalira, akatswiri munthu khalidwe kuzindikira kuti m'pofunika kulimbikitsa anthu ndi kuvomereza.
3. ntchito malangizo zimathandiza munthu agwire ntchito anasankha.
4. Ntchito thandizo maganizo ndi kuthandiza ophunzira pothana ndi moyo ndi mavuto akatswiri. Pakhala maphunziro amene asonyeza kuti ophunzira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pofuna thandizo kwa anzake, kuposa kukhala ndi achibale. Fotokozani zodabwitsazi angakhale chakuti munthuyo sakufuna kuvulaza ndi olemedwa mavuto awo okondedwa. Ngakhale mamembala a gulu laling'ono angamvetsere, kupereka uphungu, koma musatenge mtima mfundo, kusiya labwinobwino danga la munthu.

Mitundu ndi ntchito za magulu ang'onoang'ono zimadalira kusankha zolinga, cholinga cha ntchito zokhudza kucheza ndi anthu otero.

Gulu la magulu aang'ono

gulu laling'ono m'magulu malinga i chiyani? Mitundu ya magulu ang'onoang'ono, khalidwe la ntchito yawo kadzaganiziridwa ndi kusanthula zizindikiro zina.

Zolondola kulekana kwa mayunitsi chikhalidwe kulibeko. Zamaganizo anayamba umboni pa gulu la magulu. Pansipa akuwulula mitundu ya magulu ang'onoang'ono tebulo.

kapangidwe

Mitundu ndi dongosolo la magulu zazing'ono kwambiri zogwirizana. Malinga ndi zimene mtundu wa mayanjano wamng'ono anapanga, aumbike mkati kapangidwe dera. Kumakhala kulankhula mkati, chikhalidwe, maganizo ndi maganizo ubale wa pakati pa anthu nawo. M'kagulu zotsatirazi mitundu kapangidwe:

1. mtundu Sociometric zachokera zokonda lotha ndi zimene amadana nazo.
2. Kulankhula anatsimikiza mtundu mudziwe otaya mwa gulu, njira kulankhulana pakati pa ophunzirawo.
3. Ntchito Kapangidwe ndi kufalitsa maudindo ndi ntchito pakati pa mamembala a gulu laling'ono. Choncho, gulu lagawidwa amene zochita amene achite ndi zochita thandizo.

Ubale wa ophunzira m'magulu ang'onoang'ono

Vuto ubale lotha mwa kagulu ka anthu amene adzipereka kwa kwambiri za maganizo ndi chikhalidwe ntchito, maphunziro, zatsopano. Generalizing chidziwitso, tingasiyanitsire mitundu zotsatirazi ubale gulu laling'ono: osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa. Mbali yoyamba, mgwirizano ndi bwino malamulo ndi zochita malamulo: pali wapamwamba wamng'ono.

Ngati chachiwiri ndi zambiri zovuta. Apa, chifukwa cha makhalidwe munthu, winawake amakhala mtsogoleri zosavomerezeka kwa gulu. Zimenezi si malamulo ndi china kuposa chifundo cha mamembala ena a gulu laling'ono. Zimenezi zambiri wosakhazikika ndithu: pangakhale atsogoleri angapo, anasiya mpikisano ngati pakati pa zipani, kuika patsogolo ndi sankafuna kutenga udindo wa mavuto ena mu kulankhulana ndi kufalitsa zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo.

Musachepetse udindo ubale mwamwayi. Nthawi zambiri mapangano kotereku kumapangitsa kuti kusintha yokhala atsogoleri mabwalo.

ndi udindo zomwe wa anthu gulu laling'ono?

Munthu aliyense mu gululo, ndipo mu gulu makamaka ali ndi udindo winawake. Pofuna kupereka tanthauzo, m'pofunika funsolo ndani munthu uyu? Pobadwa, iwo awerenge Mwachitsanzo, mtundu komanso jenda. Mayendedwe angathe kukhala kapena akwaniritsa Mwachitsanzo, dokotala kapena nzeru za anthu.

Kudziwa udindo wa aliyense payekha mwa gulu angagwiritse ntchito njira sociometric. Mu sukulu, mabungwe ogwira ntchito zambiri kuchititsa Kafukufuku amene mafunso bwino ndi za munthu mamembala ena a gulu lina. Ikuchitika makamaka mu mawonekedwe a makadi, mafunso, kapena kudzazidwa ndi masanjidwewo, kumene lonse kumasonyeza kuti mlingo wa chifundo kwa munthu wina. Mwachitsanzo, anafunsa dzina la mnzakeyo amene amakonda ulamuliro kwambiri m'kalasi. Pamaziko a mayankho analandira mothandizidwa ndi makiyi mwapadera chimatanthauza atsogoleri osasankhidwa, aluso ndi statuses zina za gulu.

Kusankha njira ndi njira maphunziro maganizo a zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo mu gulu la akatswiri n'chofunika kwambiri kuti kudalirika kwa zotsatira kuganizira zimene yonse ya magulu ang'onoang'ono kutenga mbali mu kafukufukuyu.

Lingaliro la yaing'ono utsogoleri gulu

vuto yogwira utsogoleri anachita chinkhoswe zamaganizo ndi asayansi m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri. N'chifukwa chiyani anthu ena ali ndi ufulu amatsogolera ena? Kodi ndi makhalidwe ayenera kukhala ndi zimene muyenera kuchita? Mwatsoka, palibe amene wapereka kwa tsiku, mayankho olondola a mafunso amenewa. munthu angakhale mtsogoleri nthaŵi zina ndi gulu linalake la anthu, pamene gulu linalo izo kwathunthu adatayika, ndipo adzachita ntchito inconspicuous. Mwachitsanzo, mtsogoleri wa timu masewera sangathe nthawi zonse mokwanira maganizo awo ku gulu la ophunzira. Choncho, mtsogoleri - kani, ndi munthu amene molondola kulemedwa mwayi wofotokozedwa zolinga ndi njira yothetsera mavuto mu zochitika zenizeni.

Pali ntchito maganizo, amene afufuza zofunika makhalidwe mtsogoleri. The njira wotchuka ndi "Big zisanu" R. Hogan, imene ikusonyeza 5 mbali yofunika kwambiri ya munthu kukhala amati utsogoleri mu timu.

Kodi udindo wa mtsogoleri wa gulu laling'ono la anthu? N'zosavuta kunena kuti mtsogoleri - munthu yemwe ali pansi pa zinthu zabwino amatsogolera gulu kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, ndi mu mthunzi osati siyingafikire anakhumba zotsatira gulu, komanso kwathunthu aliwononge amenewa.

m'magulu ang'onoang'ono Control

Kuti bungwe, zolinga komanso masomphenya, kuwongolera, chitukuko ndi kukwaniritsa zotsatira za gulu laling'ono kusamalira. Kodi ndingatani kuti izi zitheke? Ziribe kanthu zimene mitundu ya magulu ang'onoang'ono inakhazikitsidwa, mu Social Psychology kusiyanitsa masitaelo angapo utsogoleri:

1. Kalembedwe authoritarian chimaoneka ndi mtsogoleri wa apamwamba kuposa anthu ena a gulu omwe amisiri yekha.
2. Owolowa manja kalembedwe kumafuna ntchito gulu la aliyense membala wa gululo.
3. Democratic kalembedwe ndi mtsogoleri amatumiza ophunzira pa zinthu zina, Kutsata ndi kukambirana ndondomeko ndi aliyense.

Kuti adzimvera, angathe ananena kuti mitundu ya magulu ang'onoang'ono zamaganizo - mfundo zolakwika, kusintha mchikakamizo cha zinthu zina ndi zinthu. Koma mtsogoleri wa timu ya mtundu uliwonse akhale tcheru kumvetsera chitukuko mayanjano osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa mkati. Popeza gulu lotero lamanja akulimbana njira samalani chitukuko cha gulu lonse, kuyambitsa bwino ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa bwino mavuto.