Locarno Conference 1925: zolinga zikuluzikulu za gulu, zotsatira. Rhine ke

msonkhano Locarno anali mmodzi wa zochitika zofunika kwambiri za mgwirizano wa mayiko mu mbiri Western. Pa dzanja limodzi, izo enshrines ndi zokhazikika pambuyo kusaina mtendere kumatanthauza unawonongedwa Europe chipangizo, ndi pa zina - wakhala kwambiri anasintha malo mwa magulu omwe anapita ndi Mukalowa mu njira ya ntchito yake angapo mapangano.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Germany

msonkhano Locarno unachitikira chifukwa cha chilakolako cha mayiko kutsogolera Western kukwaniritsa pangano angapo a mikangano dera malire, malonda ndi zida pakutha pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba. The vuto pa Africa mu khumi zoyambirira anali yomangika ndithu, ngakhale kuti magulu omenyanawa mnzathu ndi kukhazikitsa watsopano kuti ndale. Germany, umene unali mwa oluza, anali mu mkhalidwe wovuta kwambiri.

Dziko pafupifupi disarmed, womangika chuma ndi malonda, ndi demilitarized Rhineland. Pansi pa zikhalidwe izi revanchist maganizo dziko unali wamphamvu zokwanira: a mtundu magulu andale analimbikira pa Baibulo la Versailles zinthu mtendere ndi kusiya ya boma ku malo ovutika imene anaonekera. Kamodzi kwenikweni mu kudzipatula mayiko a Germany anapita rapprochement ndi Soviet Union, anapangana ndi Bolshevik utsogoleri wa Pangano la Rapallo. mgwirizano umenewu kunapezeka kuti opindulitsa kwa onsewo pa nthawiyo, chifukwa limati izi sizingagwirizane anasangalala kuzindikira pa dziko lonse choncho nzake.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Europe

msonkhano Locarno unachitikira pa kanthu ndi mphamvu zina Western. Britain anali ndi chidwi polenga mdani wakeyo akale, France, ena apereke ku Chile. chakuti pambuyo pa nkhondo otsiriza, monga chipani ambiri akhudzidwa, kupeza phindu kwambiri, ndipo anali mu malo zaphindu poyerekeza ndi anansi ake. The League of Nations ndi boma anali ndi udindo waukulu, omwe sakanakhoza kusokoneza maboma ena European.

nkhani chitetezo

France, Italy anathamangitsa zofuna za mtundu wina. The ankangoganiza makamaka za chitetezo cha m'malire awo. Dera la State uyu, ngati tatchulazi, koposa zonse zowawa kwa adani German panthawi ya nkhondo. Tsopano anafuna kukhala zokhazikika. The boma la Italy amaona analakwira ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo latsopano, ndi chotenga mbali mu ntchito za misonkhano zamtendere kuchuluka kutchuka kwake padziko lonse. Poland ndi Germany Ndipotu, anali m'misasa zosiyana. The choyamba ankafunsira kuonetsetsa kuonetsetsa chitetezo kwa malire a kummawa, ndipo boma la German, Mosiyana, sanali kukusalani kuthekera nkhondo.

zolinga

Komabe, ngakhale kuti kusiyana zikusintha njira, ophunzira onse mwanjira ogwirizana ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: ndi odana ndi Soviet. Atsogoleri ambiri European ankafunitsitsa kusaina mgwirizano pakati pa Bolshevik utsogoleri ndi boma la Germany. msonkhano Locarno anali kwakukulukulu anafuna monga Germany timakhala European ndipo mwina kupanga Rift mu ubwenzi wake ndi boma la Soviet. Komabe, German Minister okhonda mwaluso anachititsa pakati pa akazembe awiri European, wofunitsitsa kuti kuphunzira pamenepa phindu lalikulu. Iye sanafune kuphwanya definitively ndi boma la Soviet, koma pa nthawi yomweyo anafunafuna tipezekemo thandizo la maiko a ku Ulaya kuti atsogolere chuma ndi zinthu asilikali a boma. Cholinga cha bloc European anali popotoloka Germany mu League of Nations yolumikizana kuti zinthu monga kuwachotsa ku mgwirizano ndi dziko lathu.

zokambirana

Ntchito zinachitika pa 5 ndi 16 October. Mwambowu panafika ndi States zotsatirazi: United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Italy ndi Germany. Pamaso pa boma German akadandaule mawu awiri akuluakulu ku Ulaya, amene anali oti werengani pa msonkhano. Chinthu choyamba anali wodwala kwambiri ndi maganizo funso udindo poyambitsa nkhondo. Boma la Germany kunena kuti mabungwe wachotsa mawu kuti anthu German ndi anayambitsa nkhondo, kukangana pa nthawi yomweyo, panali gulu ndi mabungwe ena. Zachinthu china chinali vuto wa gulu la Cologne, koma kukwaniritsa udindo utsogoleri German anakanidwa.

The lathu odana Soviet

Poland ndi Germany zoona, kunapezeka kukhala m'malo ovuta, malo: choyamba - chifukwa chakuti iye analephera kupeza ukutitsimikizira pofuna kuteteza malire a kummawa, ndipo chachiwiri - chifukwa chakuti anayenera akamagwiritsa pakati pa mbali ziwiri. Adamfunsa kuvomereza wake wa mawu a Article 16 la League of Nations hayala, amene anapatsa kukhazikitsa miyezo yogwira ndi dziko akagwiriridwa, wosokoneza mtendere. Pansi infringer izi momveka bwino anasonyeza USSR. Utsogoleri German anali kaya nawo mwachindunji mu maudani, kapena pochitika asilikali m'dziko ake, kapena, potsiriza, kuloŵa anatseka misewu zachuma. Poyankha, Nduna ya za okhonda ya m'dzikolo ananena kuti iye, pokhala demilitarized, chuma ovutika sadzatha kuti athe kukhazikitsa mukukwaniritsa. Poyankha, atumiki ankanena kuti pansi ziriri pano boma kungakhale chipani zonse.

Nkhani Kupititsa

M'malire a mayiko a ku Ulaya akhala akupereka maganizo a maiko nawo. Pa French ndi Belgium nthumwi anatha kukwaniritsa chitetezo cha m'malire awo kum'mawa ndi guarantor anali maboma British ndi Chitaliyana. Komabe, boma Polish alephera kukwaniritsa ziyenda: ngakhale walowa mu mgwirizano ndi utsogoleri German, koma kukutsimikizira kuti si akwaniritsa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko linali mu zovuta, vuto, monga anali ndi chifukwa choopera chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwawo malo. France, Italy analephera kuti akatenge msonkhano mwa kupambana kwake. Udindo wa loyamba kwambiri kugwedezeka pambuyo mbali German nawo mofanana mu zokambirana, ndiyeno anayambitsa mu League of Nations ndi membala wa bungwe ake Permanent. Anatumidwa Italy vytupila yekha guarantor mmodzi wa mapangano a. Rhine anasaina pangano akhoza zimachitika munthu wa mapangano kwambiri, chifukwa, kuwonjezera kukutsimikizira inviolability a kumalire French ndi Belgium, zoona adatsimikizira dimilitarizatsii eponymous gulu.

zotsatira

The Conference ali kwambiri anasintha bwino mphamvu ku Ulaya. In-makamaka anakhudzidwa malo Germany, amene lakwaniritsa zokambirana kwambiri okha. Iye anatuluka boma la kudzipatula mayiko ndi kulimbikitsa mu zokambirana monga gulu ofanana. Kachiwiri, malo French anali kuchichepetsa. Great Britain lakwaniritsa cholinga chake mwa kutsutsa mphamvu zatsopano kwa iye. Locarno Conference cha 1925 ndi zotsatira zake, ngakhale odana Soviet, koma mongoyembekezera okhazikika zinthu, koma zikukhalira nkhondo latsopano unaoneka.