US-Japanese nkhondo: mbiri, malongosoledwe a mfundo chidwi ndi zotsatira

US-Japanese nkhondo ya 1941-1945. Zinali zovuta ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa. ndi zimayambitsa nkhondo imeneyi wamagazi chiyani? Pamene iye anadutsa, ndipo zotsatira zake nawo? Amene anapambana pa US-Japanese nkhondo? Tikambirana nkhaniyi.

US-Japanese nkhondo ndi zimayambitsa nkhondo

Zotsutsana za America ndi Japan ndi mbiri yaitali kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 19, pamene Achimereka ziletso pa Japanese osati mapangano ofanana malonda. Koma pambuyo First World nkhondo, zinthu sakuyenda kwambiri ngati pakati pa maiko amenewa anali kulimbana kwa mitundu ya chikoka mu dera Asia-Pacific. Choncho, kuyambira 1931, Japan akupitiriza kugonjetsa China ndipo adalenga m'gawo lake mkhalidwe Manchukuo - Guo, umene pafupifupi mwathunthu olamulidwa ndi Japanese. Posachedwa mabungwe onse US anathamangitsidwa msika Chinese, amene bwino wofooka udindo US. Mu 1940 izo chinathetsedwa pangano malonda pakati pa United States ndi ku Japan. Mu June 1941, asilikali a ku Japan analanda French Indochina. Posakhalitsa, pobwezera wolusa wa July 26 US ali woyikidwa mafuta embargo kuti Japan m'tsogolo kulowa embargo England. Chifukwa, Japan anafunika kusankha: kapena kupitiriza kusokonekera madera m'chigawo ndi kuyamba nkhondo asilikali ndi United States, kapena kuti kukawerenga ndi kuzindikira udindo kutsogolera kwa US m'chigawochi. теперь очевидны. The zifukwa nkhondo US-Japanese tsopano zoonekeratu. Japan, ndithudi, anasankha njira yoyamba.

United States

Boma US akulingalira ndi zosinthika ya nkhondo ndi Japan, mogwirizana ndi kukonzekera yogwira ankhondo ndi asilikali. Choncho, mndandanda wa kusintha asilikali zachuma: lamulo lokhudza yolembedwa usilikali, kuchuluka bajeti asilikali. Madzulo a nkhondo ndi Japan, chiwerengero cha anthu a Army US anali wofanana ndi anthu miliyoni mazana asanu zikwi, chimene bulu anali anthu mazana atatu ndi makumi asanu. chiwerengero cha zombo za Navy US anali ofanana sitima 227 a magulu osiyanasiyana ndi 113 sitima zankhondo.

Japan

Japan mu 1941, akutsogolera ntchito asilikali China, kale kukonzekera chiyambi cha nkhondo ndi America. bajeti Japan asilikali pa nthawi imeneyo anali yen oposa 12 biliyoni. chiwerengero cha asilikali a ku Japan nkhondo isanayambe anakwana miliyoni 1.35 mu ankhondo dziko ndi 350,000 mu apanyanja. chiwerengero cha bulu chinawonjezeka ndi anakwana 202 spacecraft ndi sitima zankhondo 50. Mu ndege, panali ndege chikwi magulu osiyanasiyana.

kuukira Japan pa Pearl Harbor, United States kulowa mu mbiri World nkhondo II

Kuukira Pearl Harbor - mwadzidzidzi, wopanda kulengeza nkhondo, matenda ndege ndi Japanese Imperial Army zombo pa Zombo Zankhondo US ndi tsinde mpweya, limene lili Hawaii, December 7, 1941.

kusankha nkhondo ndi United States chinapangidwa pa msonkhano wa atumiki kuchokera Japanese Mfumu December 1, 1941. Athe kutenga kulimbikitsa Japanese Army m'dera Asia-Pacific anali kuwononga ake Pacific zombo n'kofunika, imene mphamvu pamwamba pa Oahu. Chifukwa chaichi anasankhidwa ndi kunyanyala preemptive ndi m'munsi mwa Navy US. Akamanena za chiwembucho chinali ntchito zotsatira za anadabwa, ntchito ndege yomwe inachitika ku chonyamulira ndege, kuti vuto kwambiri m'munsi lapansi. Potsilizira pake, December 7, 1941, awiri ndege kuwulutsa chonse cha anthu a ndege 440 Japanese anali odzipereka.

zomvetsa US anali zoopsa Ndipotu kuonongedwa kapena sangathenso anaonekera 90% ya Pacific America ndi zombo. Total America anataya 18 zombo: 8 Nkhondo, 4 ofunkha, 3 cruisers, ndege zomvetsa inde ndipo sipadzakhalanso ndege 188. Losses mu ogwira atafika kanjedza zoopsa, anapha anthu 2,400 ndi kuvulaza 1200. Japan nkhani imfa ya dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa zochepa, anawomberedwa pansi ndege 29 ndi kupha anthu pafupifupi 60 anthu.

Chifukwa, December 8 1941, United States, lotsogoledwa ndi Pulezidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt kulengeza nkhondo pa Japan ndi mwalamulo adalowa WWII.

sitepe yoyamba: Japan chigonjetso

Chikadzangotha kuukira m'munsi pa Pearl Harbor, pa funde la bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chisokonezo ndi chisokonezo US, iwo anagwira Guam ndi Galamukani Island, amene anali America. Ndi March 1942 Japanese anali kale pa gombe la Australia, koma sangathe kugwila. Ambiri, woyamba miyezi inayi nkhondo, Japan yapindula kwambiri. pachilumbachi anagwidwa ndi Malaysia, Ufumuyo dera la Dutch East - India, Hong Kong, ndi Philippines, kum'mwera Burma. chigonjetso Japan mu gawo loyamba angafotokozedwe osati ndi zinthu asilikali, kupambana wina kukuchitika chifukwa ndi kulimbikitsa bwino ndinaganiza ndondomeko. Motero, anthu a m'madera wotanganidwa ananena kuti Japan wafika awapulumutse ku utsamunda wamagazi. Motero, mu December 1941 - March 1942 Japan lalandidwa gawo kukula kwa makilomita lalikulu kuposa 4 miliyoni ndi anthu a anthu 200 miliyoni. Anachitaya icho nthawi yomweyo anthu 15 okha zikwi, ndege 400 ndi zombo 4. US zomvetsa yekha anagwira anakwana 130 zikwi. Asilikali.

Chinthu chachiwiri: munasintha pankhondo

Pambuyo pa nkhondo nyanja May 1942 mu Nyanja Miyala, ngakhale inatha mwatsatanetsatane chigonjetso cha Japan, omwe yotengedwa mtengo katundu sanali zoonekeratu monga kale, panali kusintha kwakukulu nkhondo. Amaona kuti tsikuli ndi nkhondo ya Midway June 4, 1942. Pa tsiku lino, US Navy anapambana woyamba chigonjetso chachikulu. Japan anataya anayi ndege onyamula ndi 1 US. Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa ichi, Japan salinso ayambe ntchito mseru ndi lolunjika pa chitetezo madera kale anagonjetsa.

Pambuyo chigonjetso kunkhondo kwa miyezi isanu ndi America kuti anali anabwerera ku ulamuliro Chilumba cha Guadalcanal. M'tsogolo, pansi pa ulamuliro wa USA ndi ogwirizana ake anawoloka Aleutian ndi Solomon Islands, New Guinea, ndi Islands Gilbert.

Gawo lotsiriza la nkhondo: kugonjetsedwa kwa Japan

Mu 1944, zotsatira za nkhondo US-Japanese kale anaganiza. The Japanese pang'onopang'ono kutaya m'madera awo. Ntchito yaikulu ya boma Japanese wakhala China ndi Burma chitetezo. Koma popeza mapeto a February kwa September 1944, Japan kuugwira wa Marshall, Mariana, Caroline Islands ndi New Guinea.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa US-Japanese nkhondo chigonjetso cha machitidwe Philippines, amene anayamba pa October 17, 1944. zomvetsa Japan mkati nagonjetsa US ndi ogwirizana ake akhala zoopsa anali kumizidwa ndi Nkhondo atatu, anayi ndege onyamula, cruisers khumi, khumi owononga. Ogwira zomvetsa anali wofanana 300 zikwi. Man. US ndipo anagwirizana zomvetsa anakwana zombo 16 okha zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi cha makalasi osiyanasiyana.

Kumayambiriro 1945, zisudzo ntchito anasamukira ku dera la Japan. February 19 wopambana ankafika pa chisumbu cha Iwo Jima, imene Inde kukaniza oopsa posakhalitsa analandidwa. June 21, 1945 analandidwa chilumba cha Okinawa.

nkhondo zonse makamaka pa dera la Japan anali achiwawa kwambiri, chifukwa ambiri a asilikali Japanese a Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira wa asilikaliwo ndi nkhondo kuti mapeto ankaona ukapolo wa imfa. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi ntchito ya Japanese mayunitsi lamulo kamikadze.

Mu July 1945, boma Japanese anafunsidwa kuti adzipereke, koma Japan anakana kuti adzipereke, ndipo posakhalitsa US warplanes nyukiliya mizinda Japanese wa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki anali ntchito. Ndipo wachiwiri September 1945 pa bolodi ngalawa "Missouri" anali kusaina chida Japanese kugonja. Mu nkhondo pakati pa US ndi Japan kunali, pamene iye WWII, ngakhale mwalamulo kwa Japan WWII inatha mu 1951 ndi kusaina wa San Francisco Pangano.

Mabomba a atomiki wa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki

Pakuti mapeto mwamsanga nkhondo ndi Japan, boma US anasankha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya. Pali mipherezero angapo zotheka mabomba, lingaliro la akupha mipherezero asilikali okha anakana nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha n'zotheka Abiti mu malo aang'ono. Chisankho anagwa pa mizinda Japanese wa Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki, monga malo awa ndi malo abwino ndi mbali ya malo awo amapereka kuwonjezeka osiyanasiyana kugonjetsedwa.

Mzinda woyamba, umene anagwetsa nyukiliya bomba mphamvu khumi kilotons, unali mzinda wa Hiroshima. Bomba yagwera m'mawa August 6, 1945 ndi B-29 yoponya mabomba. imfa anthu analipo anthu za 100-160 zikwi. Patapita masiku atatu, pa August 9 chinaperekedwa kwa atomiki mabomba a Nagasaki, tsopano mphamvu kuphulika anali makumi awiri kilotons, anthu anali Ziwerengero osiyana 60-80 zikwi anthu. Zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zida atomiki kukakamiza boma la Japan kugwirizana kuti mudzipereke.

Zotsatira ndi zotsatira

Pambuyo kuzindikira kugonjetsedwa kwa September 2, 1945 anayamba ntchito ya Japan ndi asilikali American. Ntchito chinakhalapo mpaka 1952, pamene anasaina nalowa mphamvu pa San Francisco Mtendere. Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa Japan ndi analetsedwa kuti asilikali ndi mpweya mphamvu. Lamulo lonse la Japan ndi chuma US kulamulira. Japan anayamba malamulo atsopano, ndi yamalamulo yatsopano, anathetsa asilikaliwo kalasi unakhazikitsidwa, koma mphamvu lachifumu mwalamulo, monga mmene panali chiopsezo zipolowe otchuka. m'gawo lake atakutidwa asilikali American ndi zapansi asilikali zamangidwa ali kumeneko tsopano.

zomvetsa pamagulu

Nkhondo Japan ndi United States wabweretsa zomvetsa yaikulu anthu m'mayiko amenewa. US anataya anthu oposa 106.000. Kuphatikizapo 27 zikwi American asilikali andende nkhondo 11 zikwi anamwalira mu ukapolo. zomvetsa Japan anali pafupifupi mamiliyoni 1 asilikali ndipo malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana wamba 600,000.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Pali nthawi zambiri pomwe asilikali munthu wa asilikali a ku Japan anapitiriza kuchita ntchito asilikali ndi Achimereka pakutha pa nkhondoyi. Choncho, mu February 1946. Lubanga chilumba pa kuwomba asilikali US asanu ndi atatu anaphedwa ndi asilikali a US. Mu March 1947, pafupifupi 30 asilikali Japanese anaukira asilikali American pachilumba cha Peleliu, koma pambuyo anauzidwa kuti nkhondo nthawi yaitali pa, asilikali anagonja.

Koma wotchuka kwambiri nkhani ya mtundu uwu ndi zigawenga nkhondo Philippines chachiwiri mkulu Japanese nzeru Hiro Onoda. Ndi pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu wapanga za kuukira zana pa asilikali US zinachititsa kuti aphedwe ndipo anavulazidwa anthu sate wani handiredi. Izo zinali kokha mu 1974, anagonja kwa Philippines Army - mu yunifolomu zonse komanso zida.