World nkhondo II ovulala. China pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Dziko zowawa yaikulu zomvetsa mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. China yotero. Kumene, ndi maziko a zosiyanasiyana kanjedza, amene ali chithunzithunzi cha ndalama nkhani za anthu ena amene anasonyeza awo mu chiwonongeko ambiri, zomvetsa anthu ndi sizikuwoneka lalikulu. Makamaka pamene muona kuti kulipidwa chifukwa ndi owonjezera kubereka, kunachitika pambuyo mikangano lonse. Koma zotere kwambiri kungotengeka. Ovulala anali ankaona lalikulu. Munthu aliyense amachita mbali yofunika, ndi imfa yake - imfa kwambiri dziko. Izi si mtengo.

udindo China akhala amayamikira

Asayansi ananena kuti China mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World unathandiza kwambiri. Nkhondo m'dziko lino, monga akatswiri inayamba mu 1931. Nthawi imeneyi Japan anaukira Manchuria. Mpaka tsopano anthu sichinayambe ayesedwa udindo China mwa kugonjetsa Fascism. Komabe, asilikali a dziko lino kwa yaitali mphamvu am'mange la Japan, osalola ake kuyamba nkhondo Soviet Union. Kuti timvetse zomwe anataya katundu mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, China tiyenera kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane zochitika zimene zinachitika masiku amenewo.

Mliri wa Nkhondo

Mu 1937, zaka ziwiri inayamba maudani ndi Poland ku Germany, China, asilikali anamenyana ndi asilikali Japanese. Izo zinachitika mu kum'mwera kwa Beijing. Ndi mphamvu imeneyi anapezerapo nkhondo ku Asia. M'zaka nkhondo zinafuna kudzimana kwambiri. Anapitiriza kutsutsidwa kwa zaka 8.

About lalikulu Asia, Japan anayamba kuganiza ndi 20 ntchentche. Mu 1910, udindo wa njuchi Japanese Korea chinapezeka. Mu 1931, akapitawo a asilikali a ku Japan anali wotanganidwa ndi linalanda Manchuria. m'dera la China nawo pafupi 35 miliyoni anthu ndipo anali kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zachilengedwe.

Ndi chiyambi cha gawo 1937 magulu Japanese ndithu wotanganidwa Mumtima Mongolia. Mwazina, adakula kukakamiza Beijing. M'masiku amenewo likulu la China anatchulidwa mzinda wa Nanjing. Mutu wa dziko ndi mtundu Party Chan Kayshi anazindikira kuti zonse zikuyenda kuti nkhondo ndi Japan.

nkhondowo kusiyana

Koona pafupi Beijing yekha itakula. The Chinese Sapita kutsatira zofuna anapanga ndi Japanese. Iwo anakana concede. Anakhumudwitsa zomvetsa mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, China waganiza kuchita zinthu mwanzeru kwambiri. Chan Kayshi analamula kufunika kuteteza Shanghai, pafupi ndi limene lili ndi mbali yaikulu ya asilikali a ku Japan. Mu malangizo kwa zimenezi nkhondo unapha pafupifupi 200 zikwi Chinese. zomvetsa Japanese anali pafupifupi 70 chikwi.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa litakhazi- mizu mbiri. Pa nkhondo, gulu Chinese kuukira adaletsa la amphamvu Japanese, ngakhale imfa. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, China (tisaiwale) anagwiritsa ntchito armament German. Ndipo chifukwa cha mlili ichi anakwanitsa angalimbane ake Chinese magawano. Mu mbiri ya nkhani imeneyi anapita pansi pa dzina la "otchulidwa 800".

Japanese akadali anakwanitsa kugwila Shanghai. Kenako reinforcements anadza, asilikali anayamba amaumiriza China kale likulu.

Kulephera kwa utsogoleri wa asilikali Chinese

Mu zaka zoyambilira nkhondo, achikomyunizimu Chinese pafupifupi sankafuna ntchito. Chinthu chokha chimene iwo anatha kukwaniritsa - kupambana pa Pinsinguan pochitika. Mwachibadwa, panali zomvetsa. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, China anali kwambiri unakhetsedwa woyera. Komabe, kupambana ali unapha anthu kwambiri wa asilikali Japanese.

Zochita zina zovuta ndi kulephera kuti likhale utsogoleri wa asilikali Chinese. kulakwitsa kwawo kunali chipolowe, zikubweretsa ambiri anaphedwa. The Japanese anatenga mwayi umenewu, anagwira akapolo, amene pambuyo pake aphedwe. China mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse zowawa agonje kwambiri kuti chiŵerengero cha akufa akadali osadziwika. Kodi yekha Nanjing kuphedwa, imene Japanese anali kupha anthu wamba.

Wamagazi nkhondo, ndi amene anakwanitsa kuletsa Japanese

Chosowa tipambane nkhondo inasokoneza mzimu wa asilikali Chinese. Komabe, kulimbikira sanaleke kwa miniti. Mmodzi wa nkhondo yaikulu zinachitika mu 1938 pafupi ndi mzinda wa Wuhan. asilikali Chinese kwa miyezi inayi, akukulepheretsa Japanese. Iwo anakwanitsa kuswa kukana yekha ndi kuukira gasi, amene anali kwambiri. nawo China mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, kumene, ndalama dziko kwambiri. Koma Japan sizinali zophweka. Only nkhondoyi kuposa 100 zikwi asilikali Japanese anasowa. Ndipo zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti ankhondowo kwa zaka zingapo kusiya ulendo wawo kumtunda.

Kulimbana pakati pamagulu awiri

Tikumbukenso kuti China mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa zipani awiri - ndi mtundu (KMT) ndi Communist. Iwo madigiri variable apambane zaka osiyana ntchito. m'madera osiyana anali olamulidwa ndi Japanese. Nationalists anathandiza America. Koma khama lawo olowa anali kumva ndi mikangano zonse zomwe akukangana ndi Chan Kayshi ndi Joseph Stilwell (American General). The Party Communist mogwirizana ndi USSR. Party anachita mosiyana, zimene zinachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka ovulala mwa anthu.

Chikominisi anali kupulumutsa mphamvu zawo mapeto a kulimbana ndi Japan kukhazikitsa zochita nkhondo ndi chipani mtundu kale. Choncho, iwo si nthawi zonse kutumiza asilikali awo kumenyana ndi asilikali a ku Japan. Inafotokoza pa nthawi Soviet nthumwi.

Pa kwambiri chiyambi cha nkhondo ya asilikali unapangidwa ndi Party Communist. Ndipo iye anali ndithu nkhondo woyenera. Icho chikanakhoza kuwonedwa kuukira limodzi lomwe kenako linatchedwa nkhondo zana regiments. nkhondo kunachitika mu 1940 pansi pa utsogoleri wa General Cholembera Dehuaya. Komabe, Mao Tszedun kudzudzulidwa zochita zake mlandu chakuti iye anaulura mphamvu ya chipani. Ndipo kenako ambiri anaphedwa.

Agonje kwa Japan

Japan linagonja mu 1945. Choyamba America ndipo kenako asilikali a mtundu Party. nawo ngakhale China mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itatha pa mfundo iyi, chiyambi cha nkhondo inanso. Iwo ananyamuka pakati pamagulu awiri ndipo anali ndi khalidwe boma. Zinatha zaka zinayi. America anakana kuthandiza KMT, amene anafulumira yekha kugonjetsedwa wa chipanichi.

zomvetsa mu nkhondo zinali kwambiri

Amene anaphedwa pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse sanali asilikali yekha. Poyerekeza ndi World Choyamba Pankhondoyi zowawa zambiri wamba. Ndipo nambala yawo kuposa lonse mavuto pakati pa asilikali. Choncho, zomvetsa anali mokwanira lalikulu. About 50 miliyoni - atayika mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Dziko lalikulu mitengo mungayambe ndi kuwononga zinachitika ku Soviet Union ndi Germany. Palibe zodabwitsa mu, ngati achangu ndi zikuluzikulu nkhondo anali patsogolo Soviet-German. Kotero yaitali, mosalekeza komanso wachiwawa mikangano pakati pa asilikali analibe kwina kulikonse. Komanso kutalika kwa kutsogolo Soviet-German anali kuposa amadzibisa ena onse kangapo. Ndipo kwenikweni akufa mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anali asilikali a Red Army, chiwerengero kangapo wamkulu kuposa zomvetsa anavutika ndi asilikali German.

Kodi ndi zifukwa chofunika kuganizira pamene potaya zomvetsa chiyani?

Kuona zomvetsa Soviet atatengedwa kupita ku nkhani zifukwa zingapo. Iwo ali motere:

1. Mbali yaikulu kwambiri ya imfa zinachitika mu zaka zoyambirira za nkhondo. asilikali anachoka, zida kosakwanira.
2. Mu ukapolo anafa pafupifupi 3 miliyoni asilikali.
3. Akukhulupirira kuti deta boma asilikali akufa German kwambiri understated. Only mu Soviet Union kuti anaikidwa asilikali 4 miliyoni. Komanso musaiwale za anzawo a Germany. zomvetsa awo analipo asilikali za 1.7 miliyoni.
4. chakuti zomvetsa mu magulu otsutsana ndi Germany, zambiri, akuti mphamvu zake.

Losses mu Mphamvu ya anagwirizana

Chinese amene anaphedwa pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse (chiwerengero, komanso mlingo zomvetsa mwa ogwirizana ena a USSR) sali choncho zambiri, poyerekeza ndi ntchito ya Red Army. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti asilikali a Soviet anakhala zaka 3 nkhondo popanda thandizo lililonse. Komanso, United States ndi Britain anali kusankha chimodzimodzi kumene kuchita ntchito nkhondowo ndi pamene kuchita izo. USSR analibe zimenezi. Mwadongosolo bwino, mphamvu asilikali anakomoka nthawi yomweyo, asilikali kukakamiza kulimbana mosalekeza kwa kutsogolo kwambiri. mphamvu zonse za Germany anaukira Soviet Union, pamene magulu anagwirizana akayang'anizananso mbali yaing'ono. Anali malo zomvetsa oipa ali kwakukulukulu zokhudzana ndi kuphedwa kwa madongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri anafa, kuyesera mdani "pa mtengo uliwonse".

The akuvutika chifukwa cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anali m'gulu la French Britain. Koma chiwerengero chawo si lalikulu kwambiri. Makamaka poyerekeza ndi kanjedza First World nkhondo. Ndi zovuta kufotokoza. Army la France ndi United Ufumu nawo nkhondoyo kokha pachaka. Komanso sitiyenera kuiwala kuti madera ake anamenyera England.

America zomvetsa upambana manambalawo, amene atchuka pambuyo First World nkhondo. Izi akhoza zimachitika chakuti asilikali American kumenyana osati Europe komanso ku Africa ndi Japan. Ndipo gawo lalikulu la zomvetsa anabwera US Air Force.

Kuyerekeza ndi zomvetsa wa maiko mutu involuntarily amazembera ankaganiza kuti France ndi UK apanga zolinga zawo. Iwo nazo lililonse Germany zina ndi USSR, ndipo okha nthawi yomweyo anaimirira pambali nkhondo ya. Koma inu simungakhoze kunena kuti iwo sanali kulangidwa. France mudzalipidwa zaka zingapo zochita, manyazi kugonjetsedwa ndi dismemberment ya boma. Great Britain anali kuopsezedwa Nkhondoyo, ndipo chinaperekedwa kwa mabomba. Komanso, anthu a dziko lino chifukwa nthawi zina ankakhala ku dzanja pakamwa.

wamba ovulala

The zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kuti anapha zambiri wamba. Anthu ambiri amakhudzidwa ndi mabomba a. Anawononga Nazi wogonjetsa gawo. Mu zaka zochepa za nkhondo, Germany wataya pafupi miliyoni 3,65 anthu. Mu Japan, kudzera vuto la mabomba unapha pafupifupi 670.000 wamba. Mu France, akupha anthu pafupifupi 470 zikwi. Koma n'zovuta kuti aone pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Bomba, Kuphedwa, wozunzikirapo - onse pogwiritsa ntchito. UK zomvetsa anakwana 62 chikwi. Kwenikweni chifukwa cha imfa ya anthu wamba anayamba mabomba ndi shelling. Ena anafa chifukwa cha njala.

Chifukwa wolemera zomvetsa zinachitika pakati pa anthu wamba? Ichi ndi chifukwa mfundo Germany ndi kwa mafuko otsika. Asilikali mwadongosolo kotheratu Ayuda ndi Asilavo, akuganiza subhuman. M'zaka nkhondo ndi asilikali a German anawawononga wamba za miliyoni 24,3. Awa, miliyoni 18,7 - ndi Asilavo. Ayuda anaphedwa kuchuluka kwa miliyoni 5.6. Awa ndi ziwerengero ndi zonse kwa anthu akufa amene sali nawo maudani.

Pomaliza

udindo China mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndi wamkulu mokwanira. The Chinese ndachita zonse zotheka asilikali Soviet asanapatsidwe kulimbana ndi Japan. Koma nkhondoyo izi zonse kwachititsa zomvetsa lalikulu kwambiri. Onse limodzi ndi ena. Asilikali ndi anthu wamba anafa poteteza dziko lawo, kulankhuka motsutsana ndi Aisiraeli. Ndipo iwo achititsa kuti kutha kwa nkhondoyi. Onsewo sizidzakumbukiridwa kwa zaka zambiri, monga ft awo ndi nsembe kwambiri.