Louvre amagwira ntchito: zojambula, ziboliboli, zodula

Nyumba yotchuka yotchuka ya Louvre imakopa alendo ambirimbiri chaka chilichonse. Ntchito za Louvre - ndi chosonkhanitsa chodabwitsa chomwe chimakupatsani inu kufufuza mbiri yonse ya luso. Palibenso umboni wosatsutsika wakuti munthu aliyense amene amati ndi wophunzira ayenera kudziwa komanso kuona kamodzi pamoyo wake.

Chiyambi cha Museum Museum

August 10, 1793 kwa nthawi yoyamba anatsegula zitseko zake imodzi mwa malo osungiramo zinthu zofunikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi - Louvre. Lingaliro la kulenga nyumba yosungiramo zamalonda ndi mawonetsedwe a zojambula zinayambika pambuyo pa Chigwirizano cha Chifaransa, pamene adasankha kukhazikitsa zikhalidwe zachifumu powonetsera pagulu. Kuyambira tsiku lakusinthika, boma la boma layamba kulanda zojambulajambula kuchokera kwa anthu olemekezeka, choncho ndilo kuyamba kwa zojambula za museum. Kwa zaka zingapo, chuma chochuluka chinasonkhanitsidwa, chifukwa chakuti adayika kuti ndizofunika kukhala ndi nyumba yaikulu, yomwe inakhala nyumba yaikulu yakale.

Nyumba ya Louvre

Ntchito za Louvre zinkafuna malo ambiri, ndipo malingaliro a okonza nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale adasanduka nyumba yayikulu yopanda kanthu pakati pa Paris. Nyumbayi ili ndi mbiri yakale. Mtima wa Louvre ndi Tower Tower, yomangidwa mu 1190. Cholinga chake chinali chenicheni cha utilitarian - kuchokera kutalika chinawonetsedwa kuti Vikings ikuyandikira. Mu 1317 Charles wachisanu anamanga nyumba yake, pano chuma cha Paris chimayenda. Kwa zaka zambiri ntchito nsanja yakaleyo yawonongeka ndipo yawonongedwa, makamaka popeza nyumbayi inasowa chitetezo chake ndipo inakhala nyumba yachifumu. Francis Woyamba mu 1546 analangiza ntchitoyi Pierre Lescaut. Pambali pake panali ntchito yomanganso nyumbayi, ndikuipanga nyumba yachifumu. Wopanga malingaliro akuti akufuna kumanga bwalo lam'mbali, mbali zitatu zomwe zimakongoletsedwa ndi zipinda zamtengo wapatali, ndipo chachinai - kutuluka momasuka kumzinda. Pa moyo wa wokonza mapulani, mapiko a kumadzulo okha ndiwo anatha kumaliza zomangamanga, zomwe lero zimatchedwa dzina lake. Ntchito yake inakwaniritsidwa mu 1555 ndipo inakhala chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha zomangamanga za Renaissance. Mu 1594, Henry the Fourth anaganiza kuti kunali koyenera kulumikizana ndi Louvre ndi nyumba ya Tuileries. Mu 1655-1670 Louis Prevost akukweza nyumba yachifumu ndikuwonjezerapo kangapo. Pansi pa Louis Chakhumi ndi Chachinayi, chigawo chakummawa chimakongoletsedwa ndi chipinda chamatabwa, chimakopa anthu ambiri odziwika bwino ku Ulaya, koma mu 1682 icho chinakhazikika ku ntchitoyo ndipo anasamukira ku Versailles. Kwa zaka pafupifupi zana, Louvre ndi yopanda kanthu, yosokonezeka, ndipo ngakhale malingaliro ake awonongeke. Louis XVI amaganiza za kulenga nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, lingaliro lake linatsimikizika pambuyo pa kusintha.

Pansi pa Napoleon Choyamba, chigawo chakumpoto chikukumangidwanso, ndipo mu 1853 nyumba yonse ya Louvre inatsirizidwa. Mu 1891, mawonekedwe a nyumba yachifumu anayamba, omwe tikuwona lero. Chipangizo chomaliza chokonzanso chokonzekera chinachitika mu 1989, pamene piramidi ya galasi inamangidwa m'bwalo ndi amisiri a ku America Yo Ming Pei - khomo lalikulu la nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

Zolembedwa za Louvre: mbiri ndi mfundo zachilengedwe

Ntchito yoyamba ya Louvre inayamba kusonkhanitsa ngakhale pansi pa Louis Chakhumi ndichinayi, amene mu nthawi ya nthawi yake anayamba kupanga luso lojambula. Maziko a zojambulazo anali zojambula za ojambula a ku Italy, ogulidwa ndi Francis First. Louis wachinayi amagula zojambula zojambula (200 zojambula) zochokera ku Zhabakh. Mfumuyo ikuyang'ana nthawi zonse mpata wokonzanso msonkhano wake. Anapanga ndalama zamakono zam'mbuyo zamakono kupita kumalo okwana 2500, anapeza zinthu zojambulajambula zosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pa kusintha, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale amayamba kubwezeretsanso chifukwa chofunkhidwa. Ndalama ya Museum of Sculpture imasamutsidwa ku Louvre. Panthawi ya nkhondo ya Napoleonic, ndalama za Louvre zimangobweretsedwanso chifukwa cha zipilala, chifukwa chofufuzidwa m'mabwinja ku Egypt ndi Kummawa. Komanso, kayendetsedwe ka nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, ndi ndalama zake zokha, zimapanga ntchito pa kusankha ndi kugula zinthu zojambulajambula. Zosonkhanitsazo sizinapangidwe pokhapokha, kusankha ntchito kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtengo wamakono, zokhazokha zimalowa mu Louvre. Osonkhanitsa ambiri omwe adawasonkhanitsa adawasonkhanitsa ku Louvre. Kotero, mu 1936 nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale inavomereza zithunzi zojambula ndi Baron Edmond Rothschild mu chiwerengero cha zoposa 45 zikondwerero. Komanso chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa pokonza zojambulajambula za ku France. Lero ku Louvre muli zonyamulira pafupifupi 400, ndipo zokolola zikupitiriza kupanga. Ponena za kukula kwa ndalama chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazi, ntchitoyi ikugwirizanitsa ntchito zojambulajambula pakati pa nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale za ku France. Louvre inali yoperewera msonkhano wa Soviet mpaka chaka cha 1848, ndipo zonse zojambulazo zinapangidwira m'magulu ena.

Masiku ano, zojambula za museum zimagawidwa m'magulu: luso la Ancient East, Igupto wakale, dziko lakale, luso lachi Islam, kujambula, zithunzi, luso ndi zamisiri.

Luso la Dziko Lakale

Zambiri mwa ndalama za museum ndizojambula zakale. Ntchito za Louvre mu Dipatimenti ya Zakale Zakale zimayimilidwa ndi zigawo zingapo. Mbali yaikulu ya zokololazo ndi zopangidwa kuchokera ku zofukulidwa ku Egypt, kuphatikizapo wotchuka wotchuka wa Ramses II, ziboliboli "Seated cat", sphinxes, sarcophagi, ceramics, zokongoletsera ndi zinthu zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo zithunzi zojambula pamakoma, zochepetsetsa, zipinda zamkati. Zojambula za Kum'maŵa kwa Kum'mawa zimayimilidwa ndi zojambulajambula zojambulajambula kuchokera ku zikhalidwe za Mesopotamia, Iran, Mediterranean.

Zithunzi zamakedzana zojambula

Maziko a zojambulajambula anali kupeza Louis Lachisanu ndichinayi. Masiku ano mumsonkhanowu muli zowona, monga "Venus de Milo" - chojambula chomwe chimakopa alendo ambiri. Kawirikawiri, oyang'anira alendo amabwera ku louvre kuti aone izi. Ntchito ina yamasiku akale ndi "Nika Samothrace" yomwe amajambula ndi kuwatumiza ku Paris. Nthawi ya Chiroma imayimilidwa ndi ziboliboli zazikulu, ziboliboli, ziboliboli. Bwalo la zojambula zakale ku Louvre, kusamba ndi dzuwa kudutsa pa galasi la galasi, zimakulolani kuti mudzidzize nokha mudziko lamtendere ndi langwiro.

Nthano ya Leonardo da Vinci

Chokopa chapadera kwa alendo ndi ojambula ndijambula "Mona Lisa". Anthu ambiri amabwera ku nyumba yosungiramo masewera kuti amuwone kumwetulira kwachinsinsi. Koma kupatula izi, Louvre akhoza kunyada ndi ntchito zina zinayi za mbuye wamkulu. Zosafunika kwenikweni, koma zochepa kwambiri ndizo ntchito "Madonna m'matanthwe." Ntchitoyi, yomwe inalengedwa m'ma 1800 m'ma 1500, yakhala ikupezeka mu chifumu kuyambira 1625. Zimasiyanasiyana ndi malo omwe amalembedwa kumbuyo kwa anthu olemba, apa wolemba amayesa njira zimenezi, zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito polemba "Gioconda". "Madonna m'matanthwe" - uwu ndilo gawo loyamba la ntchitoyi, ndipo lachiwiri ndilo ku London Museum. Komanso Louvre amanyadira kwambiri ntchito ngati "Chithunzi cha Mnyamata", "Madonna ndi Child with St. Anna "ndi" Yohane Mbatizi ".

Zambiri zamakono apadziko lonse

Louvre ndi imodzi mwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo kutchuka kwake ndipadera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zimaphatikizapo, choyamba, "Mona Lisa" ndi Leonardo da Vinci, komanso pano mukhoza kuona ntchito yamasiku a Theodore Gericault "The Raft of Medusa", ntchito zambiri za Jacques David, makamaka "The Coronation of Napoleon". Ntchito yosawerengeka ya I. I. Bosch "Sitima ya Opusa" imakhalanso ngale ya masamu. Louvre ndi mwiniwake wazithunzi za S. Botticelli, Raphael Santi, H. Memling, A. Durer ndi olemba ena ambiri. Mu Dipatimenti Yachiboliboli yopanda kukayikira pali ziwiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi Michelangelo: "Akapolo Akapolo" ndi "Kapolo Woukitsidwa".

Chida cha French

Zosonkhanitsa zojambulajambula mu Louvre zikuyimira nthawi zonse ndi mitundu yodabwitsa. Pali zowonjezereka zokhazokha muzokonzedwa, mwachitsanzo, chithunzi cha Eugene Delacroix "Ufulu kuwatsogolera anthu". Ilo limatanthauzira molondola maganizo omwe ankalamulira mu dziko nthawi ya Revolution. Ilo linakhala chizindikiro cha luso latsopano ndi Republic. Zojambulajambula zapulasitiki za dzikoli zikuyimiridwa, mwa zina, ndi chifaniziro cha wothamanga wa Chigiriki wopangidwa ndi marble. "Milton wa Crotone ali ndi mkango" - ntchito yaikulu ya wojambula zithunzi wa ku France Pierre Puger mofanana ndi ambuye akale. Ntchitoyi ndi yodabwitsa ndi kuwonetsera komanso mphamvu ya maganizo. "Milton wa Crotone ndi Lion" akuwonetsa zochitika zovuta kwambiri zaumunthu, mphamvu ya wothamanga ndi mzimu wake.

Zithunzi

Mu zojambula zojambulajambula za Louvre muli zoposa 130 zikondwerero. Nyumbazi sizingatheke kwa alendo, odziwa zoona zenizeni amapita kuno. Ndipotu, mu zokopa za Louvre muli mabuku ambiri, zithunzi, zojambula za olemba abwino kwambiri a dziko lapansi. Kuphatikizapo zithunzi za H. Rembrant, J. Chardin, E. Delacroix.

Zokongoletsa ndi zojambula

Kunyada kwambili kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ndiko kusonkhanitsa zamisiri ndi zamisiri. Zinthu zokongoletsera, zokongoletsera, zovala, zida zosiyana siyana zikuyimira m'mabwalo angapo a Louvre. Choyamba, iwo amayang'ana ku nyumba za Napoleon the Third. Pali chokonzekera chathunthu ndi kukongoletsa kwa nyumba yaikuluyi mu Louis XIV ndi Fifteenth. Pano mungathe kuona zipangizo zamakono, mbale, zinthu zamkati. Koma nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhalanso ndi zitsanzo zabwino za zida ndi zokongoletsera kuyambira nthawi yobwezeretsa ndi ulamuliro wa Napoleon woyamba. Chodabwitsa ndizo zida, zokongoletsera ndi zokongoletsera za nthawi yotchedwa Gothic, Baroque, Italy ndi French. Zofumba za Louvre ndizo zabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Zimene mungachite

Kuti muwone masewero onse a Louvre, osakwanira kwa miyezi ingapo, ndipo ngati muyang'ana mosamala, ndiye zaka zingapo. Koma, ngati sikutheka kupereka museum nthawi yochuluka, muyenera kuganizira za njirayo ndikuyankha funsolo: ndi chiyani chomwe simungachiphonye? Pali ulendo wapamwamba wa Louvre, womwe udzakuthandizani kuti muwone chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Kuti muthamangire alendo ku nyumba yosungiramo zojambulajambula, zojambulazo zimayikidwa muzipinda zoyambirira pakhomo, ndipo pali zida zapadera kuti musataye. Koma ena amagwira ntchito yoyenera kuikapo pamagulu oyenera, choncho, chithunzi cha Eugene Delacroix "Ufulu, anthu akutsogolera", ali mu zolemba za French art. Choncho, muyenera kuyendera dongosolo la nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale ndikupeza chipinda choyenera. Zikwangwani zimatulutsidwa pakhomo kwaulere m'zinenero zambiri, kuphatikizapo Chirasha.

Kuti musatayika mu malo akuluakulu ndikuwona chinthu chofunika kwambiri, mungagwiritse ntchito mndandanda wapadera waukulu kwambiri, womwe umaphatikizapo: fano "Venus ya Milo", wakale wakale - "Nika Samothrace", zojambula "Great Odalisque" J. Ingra ndi "Lacemaker" J. Vermeer, ntchito ya Leonardo da Vinci, chifaniziro cha Ramses II.