Lupanga lodziwika bwino Karla Velikogo

Kuyambira nthawi makedzana masiku ano anabwera nthano ndi ndakatulo za ntchito zosiyanasiyana kwambiri ndiponso achita zozizwitsa. Nthawi zambiri, kusiyanitsa zoona kwa zopeka sizingatheke chifukwa Patapita zaka zambiri, zinthu zambiri, mobwerezabwereza retold tikhale ndi phokoso zatsopano. Ku Ulaya, ulemu wa lodziwika bwino umunthu Karla Velikogo, amene ankaona kholo la onse akale chitukuko European. Chidwi kwambiri ndi lupanga Karla Velikogo, kutsutsana za chiyambi cha amene ali kupitirirabe mu dziko sayansi.

Mwana wa Pepin - ndi lodziwika bwino mfumu ya Afulanki

Azambiriyakale zimawavuta kunena chimodzimodzi pamene Karl anabadwira, koma iwo amanena kuti Yesu anabadwa akhoza kukhala pakati pa zaka za m'ma chitatu. Mu nthawi yakale imeneyi ndi kulamulira Merovingian mafumu inatha linakhalapo ndi Karl ndi m'bale wake anakhala woyambitsa wa latsopano mafumu - ndi Carolingian.

Dziwani kuti Karl Veliky anakhoza kulenga ufumu waukulu, ogwirizana mu dzanja lake lamphamvu ndi chilungamo. Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga pafupifupi onse moyo wake anakhala mu nkhondo, ndi Carl anali modziwika luso mtsogoleri wa asilikali - ndiye kuti makampeni angapo munthawi yomweyo asilikali madera osiyana. Ambiri maulendo idatha zigonjetso.

Ndi 802, Carl anatha kumanga ufumu wamphamvu ndi kudzitcha yekha ndi "wolamulira wa Ufumu wa Roma, mfumu ya Afulanki ndi Lombards". Pambuyo pa imfa ya mkulu lodziwika bwino wa ufumu anaima ku mayiko atatu European zikuchitikabe France, Italy ndi Germany.

Ntchito ya zida zankhondo ndawala Karla Velikogo

Pa nthawi imene msilikali aliyense atenge anali munthu free, ndi kovuta kulingalira momwe mukhoza kuchita popanda zida. Choncho, malupanga makamaka wonyada wa asilikali, anapereka ndakatulo ndi anapatsa mayina. Ife losindikizidwa ndi chimpsopsono lupanga lumbiro kwambiri inviolable. Kuswa mawu oti nkhondo lupanga, ankamuona ngati mwano kwambiri, umene kulipira m'dzikoli ndiponso yotsatira.

Mwatsoka, kuti anapulumuka ikulongosola pang'ono chida Karl Wamkulu. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale Anasonkhanitsa pang'ono deta ndi pang'ono kuchokera m'mipukutu kupulumuka ndi zojambula zithunzi zopezeka mu France. Mu nthawi ya mfumu lodziwika bwino wa Afulanki anali ofanana malupanga yaitali, adali ndi awiri lakuthwa tsamba. Zikhale za aloyi kuwala ndi cholimba, lupanga hilt anali kangaude ndi mutu waung'ono chonse mapeto. Ntchito ya chogwiririra ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi waya siliva ndi miyala ya mtengo, nthawi zambiri kuika manyazi pa mbuye wake. Pa siliva ndi golide zinthu kusindikizidwa ndi chitsanzo zitsulo.

Mu zaka 8-10 malupanga kuti sindinapite chisoni chikhumbo kwathunthu tizinthu ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali okongoletsedwa ndi dongosolo. Choyamba anafunika ayenera kutumikira mbuye wake mokhulupirika kumubweretsera tidzapambana pa nkhondo. Choncho zikuoneka kuti ana a lupanga Karla Velikogo.

"Nyimbo ya Roland"

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi lodziwika bwino lupanga Karla Velikogo anatchulidwa mu "Nyimbo ya Roland". Izi epic akale limafotokoza nkhani ya kampeni Karla Velikogo ku Spain. Kumene, monga momwe zilili ndi wolemba zochitika ambiri kwake kuwala yosiyaniranapo kuposa kwenikweni, koma dongosolo chonse anakhalabe sichinasinthe. Malinga ndi magwero a mbiri yakale, pochokera ndawala, Karla Velikogo wagawo anali ambushed Asilamu otchedwa a Moor. Kuteteza Mfumu anathamangira Graf Roland, amene wafa kunkhondo. Carl yekha basi mozizwitsa anapulumuka ndi chisoni za imfa ya angakuthandizeni choterechi. Malinga ndi nthano, pokana achinyengo mdani mfumu anathandiza lupanga linapanga ku zitsulo wapadera ndipo nthawi zonse kumabweretsa chigonjetso yekha. Lupanga chachiwiri chidafanana Roland, koma mwatsoka, sanathe kupulumutsa mbuye wake.

Lupanga Karla Velikogo Zhuaez (kapena wachimwemwe)

Iwo lidakalipobe pang'ono zokhudza lupanga Karla Velikogo. Amadziwika kuti anavala dzina onyada Zhuaez, anamasulira dzina zikumveka ngati "Chisangalalo" kapena "Rainbow".

Sizikudziwika zimene zitsulo anali linapanga lupanga, koma m'nthawi analemba Karla Velikogo, malupanga awiri woyenera chotero zitsulo - Zhuaez ndi Durandal, wokwatibwa ndi Roland.

Lupanga Karla Velikogo Zhuaez anali nthawi zonse ndi mfumuyo. Ngakhale mu masiku a wotopa nkhondo, nthawi zonse kugona pa mutu wa wachifumu wa. Karl anamva lupanga lake amulet, amatha kupanga iye invulnerable. Kumene tikhoza mukayikire pa katundu zamatsenga lupanga, koma mmisonkhano Karl Veliky sanalandire anavulala kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse anatuluka wopambana ku nkhondo.

Chiyambi cha lupanga achifumu

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale ali Sadadzipangire molondola kunena limene mfumu inali m'manja mwa lupanga lodabwitsa. Koma pambuyo kwambiri za maphunziro sayansi anazindikira wotchuka mlengi wa chida wosula Halas. Malinga ndi nthano ina, iye anali wokhoza kuti apange kwambiri kuwala ndi amphamvu lupanga mu ufumu. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti tsiku lina nyumba aluso wosula abulukira Karl Veliky. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iye anali kale adadziwa yokopa anthu angapo ndipo nkhondoyo, koma sanapeze woyenera zida zawo mphamvu. Galas walonjeza kuti tiyambe mfumu ya Afulanki ndi lupanga koposa zonse.

Chilengedwe cha zida Linamutengera zaka zitatu. Wosula chokongoletsedwa hilt zimbalangondo, koma m'kupita kwa iwo n'kuyamba sitampu kakombo. Akukhulupirira kuti Zhuaez chinali cholimba chimene iye akanakhoza mosavuta kudula Chimwala chachikulu, ndipo ngakhale yosamveka. Mphamvu ya lupanga anali bokosilo mwachinsinsi, amene anakhala mbali ya chida zachilendo.

Mkondo wa Longinus - Zimachitikadi Kapena Ayi?

Mwina nthano ino ndi zovuta kutsimikizira mu nthawi yathu. Akukhulupirira kuti mphamvu ya lupanga chinali chifukwa chakuti lupanga lake linapanga kuchokera pa chidutswa cha mkondo wa Longinus. Msilikaliyo yemweyo amene anamulasa atampachika Yesu Khristu ...

mkondo ichi moona zimachitika katundu zamatsenga, ndizo basi kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa nkhani ya mkondo kwa Zhuaez lupanga zosatheka. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi zomwe pambuyo pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri atafa Karla Velikogo, pa Nkhondo za Mtanda, panali mphekesera za chidutswa anapeza wa mkondo wa Longinus. Koma item anapeza anali bokosilo Mkhristu, nayenso, akadali osadziwika.

Kodi n'chiyani chinachitikira lupanga lodziwika bwino pambuyo pa imfa Karla Velikogo?

Mfumu ya Afulanki, anafa 814 atakalamba kwambiri. Olemba mbiri zambiri, Charlemagne panthawi imeneyo inali zaka zoposa makumi asanu ndi awiri. Amadziwika kuti mpaka nthawi ya imfa yake inali lupanga la mfumu. Ali lupanga Karla Velikogo Zhuaez kapena yosangalatsa?

Kwa nthawi yaitali mbiri yakale anayesa kupeza njira yake, ndipo tsopano akhala Mabaibulo angapo tsoka ndi zina cha lupanga zapadera. Malinga ndi limodzi la mabaibulo ambiri osatchuka Zhuaez anaikidwa m'manda pamodzi ndi mbuye wake. Palibe pafupifupi sangathe nadzawasankhula mfumu ndi zida zake. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti lupanga lodziwika bwino atayika kwa mbadwa.

Koma Baibulo ili - osati mu mbiri ya lupanga. Olemba mbiri ena amanena kuti izo ngati chidina kwambiri waikamo mu Abbey wa Saint-Denis. Kenako, zida anaperekedwa kwa Louvre, kumene kusungidwa ngati oonetsera zinthu zamakedzana kutali.

Louvre: ndi lodziwika bwino malo okhalamo lupanga

Ngati inu kukacheza chionetserocho pa Louvre, onetsetsani inu mukuona lupanga, amene amati ndi chida chenicheni Karla Velikogo. Koma tsopano azambiriyakale, mfundo imeneyi ndi chipeneko kwambiri.

Lupanga Karla Velikogo pa Louvre kangapo pansi maphunziro osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kusanthula radiocarbon. Asayansi wodabwa ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku: mbali ya lupanga ali wa Nthawi chosiyana! Mwachitsanzo, tsamba yokha kunayamba 8-9 atumwi, zomwe n'zogwirizana ndi Baibulo la lupanga lodziwika bwino Zhuaez. Koma ndodo ndi kunali kukometsa sanathe wokhazikitsidwa atumwi khumi, zokongoletsa zatsimikiziridwa, limene pali chitsanzo chapadera. Komanso, zinthu zokongoletsa lupanga zinalengedwa padziko m'ma 10. Ngakhale chisokonezo ichi onse, French amakhulupirira kuti Louvre ndi chabe lupanga Zhuaez.

Palibe miyambo anali ngati lupanga Karla Velikogo?

Pamaso Osangalatsa anakhala oonetsera zinthu zamakedzana mu Louvre, iye mwakhama ntchito ndi French mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Kwenikweni, lupanga Karla Velikogo Zhuaez atumikira France la mwambo coronation. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti nthawi yoyamba iye anavekedwa Philip II, amene anali modabwitsa luso mtsogoleri wa asilikali. Malinga ndi zina, Osangalatsa lupanga ntchito kwambiri kenako - pansi Philip III. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyi, chida anakhala fixture iliyonse mwambo coronation mu France. Mu 1825, iye anavekedwa mfumu yomaliza ya Bourbon mafumu - Charles X. Pambuyo lupanga anasamukira ku gulu la zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho owonetsera zakale.

History mwadzaza zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi, chifukwa pafupifupi dera lonse la anthu otchuka adakali moyo kukhala lodziwika bwino umunthu. Ndi nthano zimenezi tikhale kuwonjezapo misa zosaneneka pa nthawi. Koma ana amawagwiritsitsa ndi ufulu wosankha mmene nkhani za zozizwitsa za m'mbuyomu woona.