Macrophages - ndi chiyani ichi?

Macrophages - kodi kuti cholengedwa? Kapena mapangidwe? Kodi iwo ali ndi udindo mu thupi lathu? Izi, komanso nambala ya nkhani zimenezi adzayankhidwa mu nkhani.

zambiri

Mononuclear phagocytes (kapena macrophages) - ndi gulu la maselo yaitali ankakhala kuti angathe phagocytosis. Ali kwambiri ndithu mbali wamba kuti zimawachititsa ofanana neutrophils. Monga macrophages - gulu mwakhama zovuta mayankho yotupa ndi chitetezo, pamene iwo amachita maselo secretory. Kodi amachita zotani? Macrophages, ngati neutrophils ndi diapedesis kusiya m'magazi ndi kuyamba kuyenda njira yake - kuti zimafala m'magazi. Koma iwo akuuzidwa mu zimakhala ndi. Pambuyo kuti pali kusintha → macrophages monocyte. Ndipo mu malo kufika, iwo adzachita ntchito zawo zenizeni, amene amadalira malo anatomical. Zimatanthauza chiwindi, mapapo, mafupa ndi ndulu. Mu iwo adzakhala chinkhoswe mu kuchotsa particles zoipa ndi tizilombo kwa magazi. Mu choti "kutembenukira"? maselo Kupffer ndi mikroglievskie, alveolar macrophages, macrophages, ndulu, lymph mfundo, mafupa - ndicho chimene akusinthika.

zinchito

Pa macrophages, thupi ntchito yaikulu awiri anatumizidwa ndi kuchita ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

1. Kuthetsa antigens corpuscular. Iwo ukugwira otchedwa macrophages "akatswiri".
2. Mayamwidwe, processing ndi ulaliki wa Antigen maselo T. ntchito zoterezi zimagwiridwa kale AIC. kuchepetsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha dzina yaitali nkhani yaying'ono - maselo Antigen-kupereka.

Pamene mafupa a promonocyte anapanga mapangidwe wamkulu makamaka ambiri a iwo kugwa (ndipo nthawi yaitali apo) mu lymphocytes. Macrophages nthawi yaitali akuchita magwiridwe awo chifukwa chakuti ndi kuleza ankakhala maselo bwino anayamba mitochondria ndi akhakula endoplasmic reticulum.

Werengani zambiri za ntchito

Tsono ife tikudziwa kuti, ngati neutrophils, macrophages kusiya m'magazi ndi kuyamba kuchita zinthu zina. Ambiri, ndi zambiri Takambirana kale. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zambiri ankasunga kusiyana. Motero, kupereka phagocytosis mubale michere, mapuloteni, SERA, prostaglandins, ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira mpweya, cytokines, leukotrienes. Komanso, macrophages akugwira nawo ndi katulutsidwe a ndale protease, asidi hydrolases, lysozyme, arginase, ndi kuchuluka kwa enzyme zoletsa, nucleoside ndi cytokines. Komanso chifukwa iwo amapangidwa ndi mitundu zotakasika mpweya, asidi arachidonic. Ndipo macrophage - ndi chinthu mphamvu chemokines kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi. Tisaiwale udindo wawo kuwonongedwa kwa maselo chotupa, ndi chiwonongeko cha tizilombo okhudza maselo ambiri. Chakumapeto, udindo wawo n'kofunika kwambiri. Macrophages akhoza kuphatikiza m'zipinda kwambiri amene mchikakamizo cha odana ndi zowononga kuwasandutsa granulomas. formations amachitazi zimathandiza kuchuluka kwa opangidwa interferon Popanga madzi a gamma.

ntchito m'thupi

Koma chidwi chachikulu akhale ziperekedwe kwa polimbana mogwirizana, mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya kuti kulibe mwa maselo khamu. Zagwiridwa ndi chifukwa kukhalapo kwa asilikali bactericidal wogwidwa ndi macrophages. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti ndinu mmodzi wa zida wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa chitetezo chokwanira titadziwa. Koma si onse. Iwo ali pamodzi mu T ndi B lymphocytes zimakhudzidwa yankho m'thupi. Komanso, n'kosatheka kuona udindo wa macrophages mu machiritso chilonda, kuwonongedwa kwa maselo kuti ndi otha awo, ndi mapangidwe mipukutuyi atherosclerotic. Iwo kwenikweni umeze zinthu zoipa m'thupi mwathu. Izi ngakhale dzina lawo. Choncho, ntchito yomasulira Russian "macrophage" - ". Wakudya chachikulu" ndi Ndipo tisaiwale kuti maselo amenewa alidi aakulu.

ndi mitundu ya macrophages chiyani?

Chifukwa timaona maphunziro ndi minofu phagocytes, mu madera osiyana a thupi mukhoza kukumana zosiyanasiyana "kusinthidwa". Ngati tikambirana chilichonse, zimatenga nthawi yambiri, kotero cholinga adzakhala oimira kwambiri, monga:

1. Alveolar macrophages. Iwo nawo m'mapapo ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa mpweya Mpweya ndi zoipitsa zosiyanasiyana zoipa ndi particles.
2. Kupffer maselo. Iwo zili mu chiwindi. Makamaka zikugwira kuwonongedwa kwa maselo akale magazi.
3. Gistotsity. Iwo amakhala mu zimakhala connective, ndipo mungapeze thupi lonse. Koma nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "zosatheka," ndi macrophages chifukwa chakuti zikugwira mapangidwe chimango kuti ambiri a nyumba za thupi, osati kuwonongedwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoipa.
4. Dendritic maselo. Iwo amakhala mu epithelium ndi submucosal.
5. Splenocytes. Iwo ali mu mitsempha sinusoidal thupi ndi zikugwira kudziwika ndi kuwonongedwa kwa maselo lotha magazi. Nzosadabwitsa ndulu otchedwa m'manda a akufa maselo ofiira.
6. Peritoneal macrophages. Iwo amakhala peritoneum lapansi.
7. Macrophages kwa mwanabele. Kumene amakhala, n'zoonekeratu kwa mutuwo.

Pomaliza

Ndi zovuta thupi lathu. Iwo amakhala zosiyanasiyana maselo othandiza amene amapanga miyoyo yathu mosavuta. Iwo isklyucheniemi macrophages. Mwatsoka, nthawizina iwo alibe zinachitikira zokwanira kuti chitetezo cha m'thupi ntchito akamavutika. Ndipo munthu akakhala kudwala. Koma ntchito yaikulu ya chitetezo cha m'thupi n'zimene atha atengere.