M'mlengalenga: mbiriyakale ya maonekedwe ndi dongosolo

m'mlengalenga - ndi gaseous envelopu la dziko lathuli. Mwa njira, monga chipolopolo ndi pafupifupi zonse zakuthambo, kuchokera Maplaneti ozungulira dzuŵa kuti asteroids lalikulu. The zikuchokera mlengalenga kumatengera zifukwa zambiri - kukula kwa thupi lakumwamba, liwiro lake, kulemera ndi zina magawo akonzedwa. Koma chigoba cha dziko lathu lili zigawo kuti kuti tikhale ndi moyo.

m'mlengalenga: mwachidule mbiri ya anayambira

Akukhulupirira kuti poyamba linakhalapo, dziko lathuli sanakhalepo ndi envelopu gaseous. Koma achinyamata, utangoyamba lakumwamba thupi nthawi zonse ikusintha. m'mlengalenga chachikulu Earth unakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kuphulika mosalekeza chiphala. Zimenezi zili choncho chifukwa pa zaka masauzande ambiri padziko lonse lapansi m'chimake anapanga nthunzi, asafe, mpweya ndi zinthu zina (kupatula mpweya).

Popeza kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu mlengalenga yochepa, kenako zotsala inasanduka mvula ndi - kotero nyanja kupangidwa, nyanja ndi matupi zina madzi. Mu malo m'madzi anawonekera anakamba zamoyo woyamba omwe alipo dziko. Ambiri a iwo chagwiritsidwa zamoyo masamba, kupoletsa mpweya ndi dzuwa. Choncho, m'mlengalenga anayamba kudzaza mpweya yofunika imeneyi. Chifukwa, accumulations anapanga ndi mpweya ndi ozoni amene amateteza dziko ku zopweteka cheza ultraviolet. mfundozi, ndipo analenga zinthu moyo wathu.

Kapangidwe ka m'mlengalenga

Monga amadziwika, envelopu gaseous wa dziko tichipeza zigawo zingapo - ichi ndi troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere. Sikutheka kuti ajambule omveka bwino pakati pa zigawo izi - izo zidalira pa nthawi ya chaka ndi ufulu wa dera lathuli.

Troposphere - mmunsi mwa gasbag, amene kutalika ndi avareji ya makilomita 10 mpaka 15. Apa ndi pamene anaikira ambiri mpweya mumlengalenga. Mwa njira, apa ndi zonse chinyezi ndi mitundu mitambo. Chifukwa mpweya okhutira wa troposphere mfundo yoti umoyo wa zamoyo zonse. Komanso, n'kofunika mu mapangidwe nyengo ndi makhalidwe nyengo ya m'dera - pali anapanga osati mitambo, koma mphepo. Kutentha amachepetsa ndi okwera.

Stratosphere - troposphere umayambirapo ndipo itha pa msinkhu wa makilomita 50 55. Apa, kutentha kumawonjezera ndi kutalika. Mbali ya m'mlengalenga ndi zayamba ufulu ya nthunzi ya madzi, koma ali ozoni. Nthawi zina mukhoza kusunga mapangidwe "mayi a ngale" mitambo, sipangakhalenso amangoona usiku - akukhulupirira kuti ankaimira kwambiri Zachepetsedwa m'malovu madzi.

The mesosphere - umachokera kwa makilomita 80. wosanjikiza Tikhoza kuona dontho lakuthwa kutentha monga limayenda m'mwamba. Komanso mwamphamvu anayamba kugwedezekagwedezeka. Mwa njira, mu mesosphere wa anapanga otchedwa "mitambo noctilucent" imene zigwirizana ndi timibulu ka ayezi - iwo akhoza amangoona usiku. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa malire chapamwamba mesosphere ndi pafupifupi palibe mpweya - ndi nthawi 200 poyerekeza pafupi padziko lapansi.

Thermosphere - ndi wosanjikiza pamwamba pa dziko lapansi gasbag, momwe kusiyanitsa ionosphere ndi exosphere. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kutalika kwa kutentha pano limatuluka zikuchepa kwambiri - pamalo okwera makilomita 800 kuchokera padziko lapansi ndi madigiri oposa 1,000 Celsius. Ionosphere yodziwika kwambiri liquefied mpweya ndi okhutira mkulu wa ayoni yogwira. Koma exosphere, gawo ili mpweya wa bwino ku malo interplanetary. Dziwani kuti thermosphere lilibe mpweya yokha.

Iwo Tingaone kuti m'mlengalenga - ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri pa dziko lathuli, zimene zatsalira chinthu molimba zikamera wa moyo. Imakhala umoyo, akuthandiza alipo hydrosphere (madzi chigoba cha dziko) ndipo amateteza cheza dzuwa.