Mafuta kachulukidwe

Kachulukidwe - ndi kulemera kwa chinthu, umene uli buku unit. Unit wa muyeso ndi kachulukidwe (makilogalamu / m³) makilogalamu pa mita kiyubiki. Ku mipweya ya gulu amadalira osalimba a mafuta. The kachulukidwe zing'onozing'ono ndi paraffin chakudya yaikulu - chakudya onunkhira naphthenic. Fractional zikuchokera mafuta umakhudza phindu osalimba. Kwakukulu kachulukidwe wa tuzigawo twa mafuta (mafuta), kutentha ankhanza apamwamba kuwira. Zochita maso kuchuluka dimensionless. Izi kachulukidwe wachibale amene ali chiŵerengero cha kachulukidwe mafuta (mafuta) pa kutentha ena kuti osalimba a madzi, kutengeramo yofanana, pa kutentha anayi madigiri Celsius. Pa 4 ° C osalimba a madzi ndi 1000 makilogalamu / m³. The kachulukidwe wachibale anatsimikiza pa 20 ° C.

chipangizo, amene amaona kachulukidwe mafuta, wotchedwa hydrometer.

Kuti ayeze osalimba a madzi mu chidebe cha mafuta hydrometer anaikidwa kuti chinayandama momasuka kumeneko. Pamlingo hydrometer mphukira kachulukidwe mfundo. Kachulukidwe akhoza kuchita masamu ntchito chilinganizo: kulemera mu makilogalamu kugawidwa ndi buku malita.

Chotero, podziwa voliyumu ndi osalimba kudziwa hydrometer hydrometer ophikira, mafuta tonnage mosavuta kudziwa ndi kuchulukitsa osalimba ndi buku.

Mu kwambiri mafuta kachulukidwe (dizilo mafuta, makina, etc.). Plotnometrov anachita ntchito hydrometer kapena mankhwala mafuta. Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo za makolo zomwe kudziwa kachulukidwe mafuta (hydrometers) zambiri ubwino plotnometr iliyonse. Mu osiyanasiyana yopapatiza, mudzatha kuyeza kachulukidwe hydrometer. Ngati madzi kuti anayeza aliyense kugula hydrometer, inu, pa dzanja limodzi, kukhala okhoza kupulumutsa pa kugula amagetsi kachulukidwe mita, koma Komano, adzakhala ndi kugula hydrometers yatsopano m'malo inaonongeka. Koma ngati inu kugula plotnometr, zidzakhala njira yachidule kwambiri akayezetsa osalimba, mungagwiritse ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Onetsetsani kuganizira pamene kugula plotnometra kuti chipangizo chirichonse cha mtundu uwu, kuwonjezera zasayansi, ayenera mbiri yabwino kwa chitetezo kuphulika, chifukwa muyeso wa ikuchitika m'madera zingakhale zachiwawa.

mafuta kachulukidwe muyeso m'pofunika kuti amanena khalidwe mafuta ndi kudziwa kuchuluka kwake. Quantification wa mawerengedwe misa ndi mafuta mankhwala ndi kuyeza kutentha kwake, kachulukidwe ndi mlingo (kuwerengera voliyumu).

Misa masamu ndendende chifukwa cha magawo awa ndi samasintha basi kutentha zonse idzasintha monga kuchuluka (mlingo) ndi mafuta osalimba.

Kondomu zigawo zonse yoyamikira injini walola mafuta engine. Limafotokoza mbali filimu zoteteza ayeziyo ndi kuvala, chifukwa mu mphamvu anasamutsa kwa mawilo. Komanso kumathandiza dothi, dzimbiri mbali injini ndi madipoziti zoipa. Engine mafuta azitulutsa ndi chakuti chipinda kuyaka amachotsa kutentha owonjezera ndi kudutsa mpaka sump lapansi.

Maminolo mafuta ndi mafuta yosavuta ntchito mwa munthu kwa zaka zambiri. Ndisonyezeni iwo mwa mayeretsedwe wa mafuta, kenako mafuta wothira zina zosiyanasiyana zomwe kupewa mapangidwe sludge, mankhwala kuteteza avale ndi kukhuthala improvers. Maminolo mafuta ali ndi wotsika mtengo ndipo ndi pafupifupi.

Zasayansi kutulutsa mafuta kupanga. Ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndi kuzipeza ndondomeko zovuta mankhwala.

mafuta Semisynthetic ndi zosakaniza woyamba awiri. Iwo pafupifupi chiŵerengero cha 20-30% mafuta kupanga ndi 70-80% ya mchere ndi.