"Magulu" (basitomu): zizindikiro ndi zojambula

M'nyengo yozizira ya 1941 mpaka 1942, Baltic Fleet servicemen anapeza zolephera pomangamanga TT: Pakati pa kutentha, zida za chida zinali zowonongeka. Ichi chinali cholimbikitsira chilengedwe cha mtundu watsopano wotere, monga pistol "Baltiets", yomwe yapangidwa makamaka kwa alonda a zombo.

Kodi ndi chidziwitso chanji pa chida ichi?

"Magulu" - pisitomala, zomwe zilibe zida zilizonse. Ntchito za akatswiri a ku America ndi ku Ulaya alibe zidziwitso za chitsanzo ichi. Ku Moscow, Tula, Izhevsk - midzi imene nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zazikulu kwambiri zilipo, zofalitsa za zida zimenezi sizinapezeke. Nkhonya yosadziwika ya Nkhondo Yaikulu Yowona za Patriotic "Makalata" anapezeka ku Central Naval Museum, mu ndalama zomwe zilipo zida zitatu za zida. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi nambala yake yeniyeni: № № 1, 2, 5.

Kodi pisitomu ya "Baltic" (USSR, Leningrad) inalengedwa bwanji?

Mu 1941, Admiral Wachibale wa Baltic Fleet anapempha akuluakulu apamwamba kuti apange pisitolu ndi machitidwe ovomerezeka kwambiri kuposa apolisi a TT.

VKP (b) Pambuyo pa Bungwe la Bungwe linaganiza kuti ayambe ntchito yokonza pachitsanzo, zomwe sizidzasungunuka mu chisanu cha 30 degrees. Mbali yoyamba ya pisitomu "Mabwalo" inali ndi zidutswa 15. Anayang'anira makope oyesedwa anaikidwa kukhala mkulu wa Plant Leningrad No. 181 BP. Rumyantsev. Mkonzi wamkulu Egorov ndi katswiri wa teknoloji FA Bogdanov mu Januwale 1942 anapatsidwa zotsatira zoyambirira - zojambula za "Baltiets". Pisitantiyo inavomerezedwa ndi mkulu wa zida zankhondo AI Balashov ndipo adavomerezedwa kuti apite patsogolo. Chiŵerengero chochepa cha anthu adavomerezedwa kuti apange zida izi.

Yambani

"Zisitetezo ndi pistola", pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha Walter PP (zida zopangidwa ndi Germany). Analengedwa ndi AI Balashov , pisitolantiyo inapangidwira makhadi a TT ndi 7.82 mm. Mabaibulo 15 oyambirira anapangidwa ndi manja. Njira yopangira manja yopanga manja imapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale lopweteka. Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zina za pisitolanti sizinaperekedwe ndi zipangizo.

Chitsanzo chachikulu

Kumayambiriro kwa masika a 1942, antchito a "Machine Engine" ndi "Engine Engine Plant" anapanga "Malo" oyambirira. Pisitolomo yawerengedwa pa nambala 1. Kupanga chida ichi ndipamwamba kwambiri. Anayesedwa pa kutentha pansi pa madigiri 30. "Magulu" amadziwika ndi ntchito yoyenera, kudalirika komanso ntchito yopanda mavuto. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mphamvu zamtendere ndi zolondola za kugunda zinadziwika.

Kukongoletsa kwa "Malo" № 1

Pogwiritsa ntchito masaya a ebonite a pisitini yosindikizidwa mzere ndi nangula mkati. Pansi pake pali: nyenyezi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ngodya, nyundo ndi zolembedwera "Chomera No. 181". Kumbali imodzi ya basitomu pali kulembedwa "P. A. Miyala, "koma ndi zosiyana:" Mlembi wa Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU (b), Mtsogoleri wa Military Council of the Lenfront, t A. A. Zhdanov. "

Kumanja kumanja kwa chombo cha shutter, amisiriwo amalembedwa, omwe amasonyezedwa ndi angwe awiri. M'makona angapo omwe ali mu crosshair, pali ziwerengero "181", kutanthauza chomera chomwe "mabatiti" anasonkhana. Chithunzichi chili pansipa chikuyimira zokongoletsera za chida ichi.

Zochita zamakono ndi zaluso

• Chida chakonzedwa kuti chikhale ndi zida za 7.62 mm.
• Chiwerengero cha kuwombera - 4.
• Thunthu ili ndi kutalika kwa 129 mm.
• Unyinji wa zida zopanda zida ndi 1100 g.
• Mphamvu ya masitolo a basituni ndi makhadi 8.

Chilengedwe cha "Baltiets" №2

Chitsanzo choyamba cha pisitomu chinali ndi cholakwika: Chifukwa cha ntchito yowonjezera yomwe idapangidwa ndi chitsanzo chachikulu cha chida ichi, Msonkhano wachiwiri unasonkhanitsidwa. Pisitolomu, zojambula zomwe zinali zosiyana ndi zofunikira, zinali zochepa. Misa yake sinapitilire 960 g Mu kapangidwe ka chitsanzo No. 2, thunthu linfupikitsidwa kuchokera 129 mm kufika 120 mm. Mphepo yamenyana inalibe 17, koma 15 imatembenuka.

Kuyesedwa kwa zida izi kunasonyeza kuti malinga ndi zigawo zake zolimbana, Malipiro Na. 2 sanali ochepa kwa chitsanzo choyamba. Chotsatira chake, adasankha kupanga magulu otsatirawa, pogwiritsira ntchito chitsanzo chachiwiri "Baltiets" (basitomu).

Zojambula Zapangidwe

Kachiwiri kachiwiri ndi chimango chokhala ndi mbiya, bolt ndi njira yamagetsi (USM) yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mmenemo. Pali mabala anayi a thunthu la "Baltiţa" №2. Fuse yotsekedwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga shutter. Mabombawa ali ndi zida zankhondo komanso zobwerera. Pakuti mfuti iyi imaperekedwa ndi matabwa a matabwa ndi nsalu yotsekedwa ndi mkati mwake ndi mbale ya mkuwa pa chivundikiro, pomwe pamakhala mawu akuti: "Wachimuna Kuznetsov Nikolai Gerasimovich."

Kodi chida chikukonzedwa motani?

Pisitopu "Baltiets" amagwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko yowonongeka ndi shutter yaulere. Izi zimakhala zotheka chifukwa cha malo pamtunda wokhazikitsidwa pa chimango cha kasupe wobwerera. USM imatanthauzira mtundu wamtunduwu ndipo yapangidwa kuti achitepo kanthu kawiri.

Kumenyana ndi chakudya kumapangidwa ndi masitolo oboola mabotolo, omwe makatidi amaikidwa mumzere umodzi. Kupalasa magaziniyo mfutiyo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito batani lapadera kumanzere pamwamba pa chogwirira. Ntchito yokakamiza imagwiritsidwa ndi zipangizo monga fly ndi bar. Ntchentcheyo ndi mbali ya fodya. Cholingacho chimaikidwa mu "groove" "swallowtail", zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithetsedwe pakapita nthawi.

Ubwino wa "Makalata"

Ubwino wa pisitolanti uwu ndi:

• Zomangamanga zili ndi chophweka.
• Pisitolu imadziwika kuti ndi yodalirika.
• Kupanga "Baltiets", poyerekeza ndi TT, ndikopanda mtengo komanso ntchito zambiri.
• Kukhalapo kwa chigwiritsiro choyenera kumawonjezera kulungama kwa kugunda pa kuwombera.
• Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri kawiri ndi kayendedwe kake kumathandiza mwiniwakeyo kugwiritsa ntchito zida nthawi iliyonse yokonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Kupezeka kwa fuseti kumapangitsa kuvala mfutiyi mosamala, ngakhale ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zida m'chipinda, zomwe sizingagwirizane ndi mfuti ya TT.

Kuipa

Mosiyana ndi pistol ya Tokarev, yomwe imalemera masentimita 110, "Mabala" ali ndi kulemera kwakukulu ndi kutalika kwake. Mkhalidwe uwu ndilo chovuta chachikulu cha chida ichi. Kulemera kwakukulu kumatanthauzidwa ndi kuti cartridge ya mtengo wa 7.62 mm yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu "Baltiets" poyamba inali yofunikanso pisituni ndi mzere wochepa wa mbiyayo. Zida, zomwe zili ndi shutter yaulere, ya 7.62 mm ndizamphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kuwombera kwa zida zoterezi, opanga chipangizo cha Leningrad n ° 181 mu "Masitepe" anatsitsa chophimba chotsekemera. Pamene pisitantiyi inalengedwa kwa antchito omwe amalamulira, kukhalapo kwa kuchuluka kwa miyeso ndi miyeso yawonetsetsa kuti ndilo vuto lalikulu.

Kupuma-kupanikizira maphunziro a zida

M'chaka cha 1974, mkulu wapangidwe wa Central Design Bureau (Central Design and Technology Bureau) Viktor Khristich anayamba kukulitsa mphepo ya chitsanzo cha zida za Baltiets. Chifuwa cha pistol chinali chokonzeka mu 1977. Pambuyo kuyesedwa ku Klimovsk, mphepo chitsanzo anatchulidwa "Baltiets" №77.

Pogwiritsa ntchito mphepo ya "Baltiets" yomwe inkafuna kuti aphunzitse anthu ambiri, antchito a mmundawo ankaganizira kuti ndi bwino, kuphweka, kudalirika komanso chitetezo. Kusamala kwakukulu kunkaperekedwa kwa makhalidwe a ergonomic achinyamata.

Chitsanzo cha Model 77

Popanga zida, mipiringidzo, zikopa ndi zipilala, pulasitiki yodzaza magalasi yosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yopanga ziwalozo inagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira jekeseni. Zitsimezi zinapititsa patsogolo mankhwala othandizira kutulutsa mankhwala (omwe amachokera ku zowonongeka). Thunthu imachotsedwa ku IZH-22.

Mu chida cha mphepoyi, mfundoyi idagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zonse zapachimake zakuthambo: mpweya unathamangitsidwa kunja kwa pisitoni, yomwe inachitanso chidwi ndi kasupe wosamvetsetseka.

Mapangidwe 77 a "Mabatiketi" 77 anali osiyana ndi mabomba ena a mphepo chifukwa anali ndi "gawo lozungulira", lomwe linakhalapo panthawi yomwe mfutiyo inkawombera ndipo pistoni inasunthira. Chotsatira chake, pogwiritsa ntchito pistoni 2 masentimita awiri ndi kupweteka kwafupipafupi (6 cm), chipolopolo chomwe chinachokera ku mbiyacho chinayamba kufika pa 130m / sec.

Kutsiliza

Zitsanzo ziwiri zapadera "Zitetezo" No. 77 zinasonkhanitsidwa, imodzi mwa iyo inali ya Leonid Brezhnev.

Ntchito yopanga zida zankhondo "Mabatiti", yomwe inayamba mu 1942, posakhalitsa inatha. Zomwe zinakonzedweratu zopanga khumi ndi zinai sizinachitike. Pofotokoza zigawo, zinawululidwa kuti ndizokwanira kusonkhanitsa mabasiketi khumi ndi anai okha. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachangu kwa antchito a mmunda sikunasinthe mkhalidwewo: zitsanzo khumi ndi zinayi zokha zinasonkhanitsidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa katundu kunathetsedwa. Mmodzi wa "Baltiets" omwe adalandira ngati mphatso Wotsogolera People's Commissar Army N. Samarin. Zida za zida za nambala 1, 2 ndi zisanu zinali za Vice Admiral NK Smirnov. Masiku ano iwo amaikidwa ndi Central Naval Museum. Tsogolo la magawo khumi ndi awiri otsala silidziwika.

Pisitomu "Mabatiti" ndipo anakhalabe chidziwitso chodziwika bwino, chomwe chinapita kumtunda wapamwamba.