MIG-29: ndondomeko. Ndege za MIG-29: zida, liwiro, chithunzi

Kutheka kwa makampani motetezera USSR mobwerezabwereza kuderera mdani, ngati angathe ndi zenizeni. chiwerengero A zitsanzo za manja Soviet kwa mbiri ya dziko wakhala muyezo okonza ambiri anayamba m'mafakitale States. Ena chizindikiro ya zachitetezo wa USSR ndi Russia latsopano. Ulemerero makina Shpagin ndi Kalashnikov, T-34 ndi T-54 "Katyusha" ndi zina Russian wakupha mankhwala wapita kutali kupitirira chimodzi cha dziko. Nkhondowo ndege MiG amagwiranso ntchito zapamwamba zoweta zida.

Mbiri ya MiG Design Bureau

Kulengedwa Bureau anayamba ntchito nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Akatswiri A. I. Mikoyanu (m'bale wa Stalin Commissar) ndi M. I. Gurevichu mu 1940 anakwanitsa kulenga womenya wamkulu, mmodzi wa makhalidwe a abwino kwambiri mu dziko. Iye anali ndi kuperewera, koma pa nthawi yoyamba mayeso kudzachitika wolemera uyu opepuka liwiro makina ndi contours umenewu nsikidzi akhoza kupikisana ndi ndege iliyonse mu Germany, UK kapena US.

KB nthawi afunafuna osati kutsatira zochita dziko makampani a ndege, komanso mwayi owafunsa. Woyamba kupanga ndege womenya mu USSR, ndi MiG-9, anali kuyankha kukhazikitsa bwino za Air Force Western ndege m'kalasi ake.

nyengo zotakasika

Zosasangalatsa anadabwa kwa oyendetsa ndi American anali MiG 15 mu liwiro ndi maneuverability makhalidwe kuposa kupanga ananyadira Northrop ndi opanga zina ku US, amene adakhulupirira ndikuchita wake wapamwamba kuposa aliyense. Mu mlengalenga pa nkhondo Vietnam anasonyeza kuti kwambiri interceptor MiG 17 ndi MiG 21. Panali zitsanzo zina za ndege, MiG 19 ndi MiG 23. Pa nkhondo Israel ndi Egypt ntchito katundu MIG 25 mobwerezabwereza linaphwanya mzere kutsogolo, kufunkha pa Tel Aviv. Ndipo ngakhale kuti analibe zida aliyense, ngakhale kuti ndege Soviet akuwuluka ndi kulangidwa dziko, zida ndi atsopano machitidwe mpweya chitetezo US ali zii hotheads ambiri. chiwerengero A nkhondo dera, amene Soviet asilikali ndege MiG anasonyeza lokha kwambiri, wakhala ngati molankhula mtundu, chitsimikizo cha khalidwe ndi dzuwa pamwamba pa zida Soviet asilikali. Chimake cha khama opanga anali MiG 29. Luso makhalidwe a womenya ndi lero, zaka 37 pambuyo pa mapeto a ntchito yaikulu kapangidwe ndithu ziyeneretso ano galimoto kunkhondo ku kalasi ake.

udindo wofunika boma

Mu zaka zao za sikisite malemu - oyambirira makumi asanu ndi awiri, waukulu "workhorse" wa US Air Force ndi mayiko - adani wa USSR - anali wotchuka F-4, "Phantom" wa zosintha osiyana a kampani McDonnell Douglas. Kapangidwe ka ndege zakhala bwino kwambiri, akanatha kusankha pa chikhalidwe cha anthu onse vuto - kuchititsa mpweya nkhondowo akuyendetsa kwa mabomba ndi chida cholimbana ndi mipherezero pansi. Koma ubatizo wa Vietnam ndi Middle East anasonyeza kuti motsutsa Soviet MiG 21 ndipo ngakhale kale MiG 17 kulimbana naye zolimba. imfa chiŵerengero sankavomerezana a ku America. Mu United States ayamba ntchito kupanga m'malo "Phantom" zinachititsa kuti womenya ndege F 14 "Tomcat" ndi F-15 "Mphungu". Soviet Air Force Zinkafunikiradi wamakono polingalira ntchito nthawi yaitali makampani opanga ndege kunja ndi 'amphaka "ndi" mphungu ". KB MiG, boma Soviet anapereka chandamale. Ndi kugwa kwa 1977 Ndinali wokonzeka latsopano interceptor MiG 29. zinachitika kudzachitika wolemera zinachitika 6 October. Patatha zaka zisanu, ndege ayamba Mphamvu ya USSR Air.

A pang'ono za maonekedwe

Masiku amenewo, maonekedwe a mtundu watsopano wa chida anali boma chinsinsi. Inde, ambiri chosintha njira zina, kuphatikizapo cilamulo, anakhala ofala wa MiG 29. Photo mosadziwa lofalitsidwa womkanikizawo, kapena chionetsero ndege umboni, anasonyeza pa TV, akhoza kubweretsa akatswiri m'misasa ankhanza mu malingaliro a mzere waukulu wa makampani tsogolo ndege. Malinga ndi maganizo a Mlengi Chief M. Waldenberg anathandiza zikumuyendera General Artem Mikoyan R. Belyakov, ndege wakhala otchedwa Integrated dera Kamangidwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa analandira padziko lonse lapansi ziwembu ndege kugawikana pa ndege ndi fuselage mu KB anachoka. The airframe lonse inkakhala kusintha yosalala, latsala pang'ono kugwa, ndi "chakale" mbali makoma okha pa uta.

Njira kutsatira mobisa sanali kwambiri mosamala. Mukazonde mumaganiza anthu ena ogwira ntchito angathe amene analenga MiG ndege. Photo variable wambiri amatchedwa "Phantom", anapangidwa mmodzi wa ziwonetsero mpweya anasiya nthawi yake ndi mfundo zofunika kwambiri kwa akatswiri athu. Msonkhano yofanana ntchito kwa MiG 23.

The magetsi ndi chithunzi cha "belu"

injini ndege ndi awiri (Rd kapena Rd-PO-ZZK kwa kusinthidwa "M"), iwo ili pansipa mapiko a. adaponya awo okwana angafikire ku kN 16.600 kwa 17,600 (kgf). Ngati ife kuganizira kuti kulitenga kuchokera kulemera kwa makina matani oposa 15, n'zosavuta kunena kuti kuposa mtengo wa chizindikiro wagawo adaponya kulemera chiŵerengero. Kuchita zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti ngati MiG 29 anapereka vertically pakati Boma mafuta malo pafupi malire, izo popachika mu malo kapena limatuluka pamwamba popanda Nyamulani wa mapiko a. Izi Mbali luso limakupatsani osati kusonyeza aerobatics lapadera pa ziwonetsero, komanso yofunika othandiza tanthauzo. Locators ntchito pa Doppler mfundo zitha zikuyenda. Pa nthawi ya kugwiritsa ntchito "belu" ndi "mphiri" (mosonyeza otchedwa aerobatics pa kuphedwa kwa omwe pali "kwanthawi") liwiro la ndegeyo MiG 29 ndi wofanana ndi ziro, ndi ulamuliro onse ndi chitsogozo cha machitidwe chitetezo mdani mpweya silidzandionanso pa zowonetsera awo .

"Makutu" MiG 29

Pomanga ndege, pali njira zina zimene zimasonyeza njira yatsopano ndi kuthetsa kukanikiza mavuto. Wamphamvu zosagwiritsa dongosolo kumafuna mpweya, ndipo mawere mu kulandira kudya lalikulu zedi. Ngati msewu wonyamukira ndege aphimbidwa ndi matalala, pa iwo pali mchenga (kuti m'madera ena osati osungira nyama) kapena Mankhwala oipitsa ena onse igwera mu chopangira mphamvu ya. Pali njira zingapo kuthana ndi adaniwo. Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka kukhazikitsa Zosefera mpweya galimoto. Koma iwo amakonda kuti yatsekera. Kapena njira ina: kuika intakes mpweya apamwamba. Koma izi impairs zimatha kuuluka bwino potsatira njira ya airframe lapansi. Mu nkhani ya MiG 29 okonza atenga yachilendo ndi wapadera njira. Air wambiri mpaka Anabweza ya zida ankafika kudzera inlets zina mpweya mu fairing chapamwamba polumikiza phiko ndi fuselage lapansi. mizere awo awiri, iwo zili symmetrically kumanja ndi kumanzere. Iwo ankatchedwa "makutu". Pamene zofunika ndi ikamatera mpweya intakes waukulu amatsekeka kwathunthu, ndipo patapita ya okwanira kutalika otetezeka ntchito Amatsegula.

Avionics

Sikuti injini zamphamvu ndi aerodynamics kwambiri ndi MiG 29 otchuka. Zofunika chirichonse chimene iwo anali rasprekrasno, mu mlengalenga nkhondowo ano sizitanthauza chigonjetso, ngati woyendetsa si choti zinthu ergonomic ndi thandizo mudziwe, kumakupatsani zochita n'kamodzi. Komabe, m'badwo wachinayi chinachake zinzawozo, makamaka kwa zikuchitika atsopano a zamagetsi, adani athu Nkosatheka nthawi zonse matendawa ndi chidwi chachikulu. Popeza kuti maziko a mtengo-bolodi kompyuta (ichi TS100.02-06) Information ndi Computing Center, n'zosadabwitsa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu dziko (ndipo mwina mu dziko) ntchito zipangizo zambiri zina kuti atsogolere ntchito ya katswiri woyendetsa. Makamaka, "Natasha" (monga oyendetsa dzina dongosolo mawu umboni zoona, ichi "diamondi-OTI"), zosangalatsa wamkazi mawu akukuuzani kuti njira amachitidwa pa chosowa msinkhu kapena liwiro, awadziwitse za mdani amene anabwera kwa mchira, kapena ena ngozi, kulakwitsa kapena mwadzidzidzi.

Zida ulamuliro yabwino kwambiri. mfundo ndi ntchito kuzibweretsa zenera lakutsogolo glazing siteshoni denga ndi pa chomverera m'makutu wokwera dongosolo chandamale chikhazikitso. Ndinayang'ana pa ndege, ndinatenga chisankho kuti aukire, anakankhira batani zida zankhondo - ndipo ife tikhoza kuganiza kuti mdani kulibenso. Amenewa ndi oopsa tione oyendetsa wathu. Ndipo ngati anasokoneza ndipo anataya lathu okhudza malo, ziri bwino, dinani batani wina ndi ndege yokha angaimbidwenso ndi chepetsa, ndi mayina a.

kasamalidwe dongosolo Intaneti

Usilikali avionics ano ndege kugawaniza ndi dongosolo zida kupewa zovuta. Popanda tcheru kudziwika chandamale ndi maziko a dziko lapansili Rada kuti apambane lero kuli kovuta, koma chipangizo izi amachita navigation ntchito. MiG 29 zida ndi mtundu Rada HO 93 amatha kutsagana mipherezero khumi imodzi. Ndi mbali ya akuonadi panyanja zovuta OEPRNK-29, amene angachichite sanjira mofulumira, ma aligorivimu linaŵerengera cholimbana mipherezero panyanja ndi nthaka ya mdani. Mu dongosolo lake kumeneko ndi optronic akuonadi dongosolo OEPS 29, pamene amanena kuti chitukuko cha zomwe atsopano kwadzidzidzi sayansi. Cholinga ndi wapezeka ndi kuzindikiridwa pa mtunda wa 35 Km (kwa Dogons) 75 Km (danga ufulu). Ambiri, dongosolo zovuta kulamulira, koma ngakhale, ndi yabwino ntchito.

The mphukira?

Zinachitikira ndi Vietnam nkhondo anasonyeza kuti ndi ena mivi kuti dogfight, makamaka kuuluka, zimakhala zovuta. Kuwamana zida zankhondo "Phantom", Achimereka anakakamizika kuyambitsa wapadera muli inaimitsidwa ndi mfuti ndi zipolopolo. MiG-zida mofulumira 29 (1500 zipolopolo pa mphindi) GSh-301 madzi utakhazikika katundu ali ndi zipolopolo zana (30 mamilimita likungosonyeza).

asanu pylons kunja wokwera pansi pa phiko tinapangidwa miyala. Malinga ntchitoyo, iwo akhoza kuikidwa Sd (R-73 kapena R-60M). Pakuti pomenyana mipherezero pansi ntchito Sd mtundu X-25M. Kuika njira zimenezi ikuchitika kaya ndi televizioni chizindikiro kapena ndi laser mtengo. Aiming unguided (NAR m'magazini, bomba) amapangidwa ndi makina ounikira. M'madzi chandamale anakhudzidwa Sd X-29 odana sitima mizinga, kapena supersonic mtundu X-31A, amene akhoza kunyamula MIG 29. Armament zitsanzo zapamwamba wa maroketi anamanga ku kamangidwe ka zigawo kuyimitsidwa.

Total mabomba ndi maroketi okha pazipita nkhondowo katundu wa matani 3 (m'munsi lachitsanzo) and 4, 5 matani (MIG-29M).

TTX Mig 29

Ndege kukula ndi kulemera kwa pang'ono zochepa chi Anzawo American, kuphatikizapo F-14 F-15. Yendetsani chala Soviet interceptor mapiko mamita pang'ono zoposa 11 (monga "Tomcat" pa zikulilima pazipita, ndi "singano" - 13 m). Utali mamita 17 pamodzi ndi mtengo ndege refueling (19 ndi aliyense wa "America). MiG-29, amene amalemera pafupifupi 15 matani, n'kosavuta onse ndege - ayenera otsutsa (pafupifupi khumi matani aliyense). Link turbines awiri kuposa magalimoto American nufikira 17.600 kN (14,500 Y "Tomcat" ndi pang'ono kuposa 13 chikwi. The "singano").

Malo ochepa ya phiko (38 sq. M.) Kodi kuchenjeza mkulu katundu zenizeni, koma kuchepetsa ndi mphamvu mkulu wa airframe chifukwa cha peculiarities kakonzedwe ka yofunika. Mig-liwiro ukufika 29 2.3M (2450 Km / h), Y sitimayo chimake MIG-29K penapake poyerekeza 2300 Km / h. Yerekezerani: F 14, akhoza kukhala 1,88 M (1995 Km / h) ndi F-15 - 2 650 Km / h. chizindikiro china chofunika - kutalika kwa njira pa zinthu zofunika ndi ndegeyo. Kuti amachotsa MiG, ndi okwanira msewu wonyamukira ndege kutalika mamita 700, ndipo ndi afterburner -. Only 260 mamita iye anakhala pa nsanja mamita 600 yaitali. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ntchito monga ndege chonyamulira ofotokoza (ndi chingwe dongosolo braking), kapena popanda airfields bwino okonzeka (kapena zigawo msewu, monga izo zinachitika pa nkhondo Yugoslavia). Za chikhalidwe razbezhno-Probizhna magalimoto onse American. Luso ntchito monga womenya m'munsi ndege onyamula kwa moyenera ndipo anapereka, anapanga foldable phiko kutonthoza. MiG 29 ankafika liwiro ndi 235 Km / h, amene Ikufotokozanso za "moyo apanyanja." palubniki American chimodzimodzi nthawi yomweyo.

Othandiza MiG denga ukufika mamita 17,000 ndipo ali ndi udindo wapakatikati pakati pa F-14 F-15.

Pakuchitika kumenyana makhalidwe a Soviet MiG 29, makhalidwe luso ndi kusinthasintha ake amatilola amanena kuti ndegeyo kuposa analogues onse achilendo, anayamba nthawi chimodzimodzi monga iye. Luso kutha kwa zowonetsera Rada pakati pa mlengalenga nkhondo ndi amapereka galimoto wapadera. Luso ntchito dongosolo kulamulira, zoweta makampani ndege kubweretsedwa ku mlingo qualitatively latsopano. N'kofunikanso kuti MiG 29 mungathe chachikulu kwa kusinthidwa. chandamale mitundu yake lathu osiyana, osiyana ndege osiyanasiyana, ndi osiyana zinchito cholinga adakwera zipangizo zamagetsi, anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane womenya kuti "zouluka desiki", anapereka awiri khumi. Awiri a iwo (MiG-33 MiG 35) anasiyanitsidwa mu palokha CB chitsanzo mzere iwo. Mikoyan ndi Gurevich.

Ndi zizindikiro zosiyana pa mapiko

Utatha wa USSR zombo asilikali a boma limodzi unagawidwa pakati pa mayiko Union. M'mavuto azachuma, ambiri a iwo anayamba kugulitsa zida zawo osafunika. Mwachitsanzo, Moldova anataya ku United States zaka makumi awiri MiG 29 ntchito. Mtengo uliwonse ndege anali $ 2 miliyoni, omwe nthawi zambiri poyerekeza mtengo msika. America interceptor uyu anali kufunika kwa osauka machenjerero pofuna kuthana ndi BBC limanena kuti ndi utumiki. MiGs anagulitsidwa ku mabacteria nkhondo ku Africa, Asia ndi mbali zina za dziko.

M'mayiko Air membala wa Warsaw ke komanso zida MiG 29. Pafupifupi onse a iwo anabwera pa kutaya 'mnzake "wa Russia mu nkhope ya NATO. German Luftwaffe oyendetsa anazolowera makamaka luso American, anadabwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa ndi ulamuliro ergonomic - makhalidwe khalidwe la MiG 29 Soviet womenya Photo ndi mitanda Chimatisi (chizindikiritso m'pamene German Air Force), choyamba linachititsa sazidziwa bwinobwino Modabwa ndiye zonse ntchito.

ndegeyo kutumikira ndi mayiko oposa makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi kusintha uku zonse sinditi.

Posankha zofunika mankhwala chitetezo maboma ena oongoka makamaka kumenyana makhalidwe ndi za ndale. Koma osati chosafunikira kwambiri ndi mbali ndalama ndikupeleka. MiG-29, amene Ndipafupifupi miliyoni 70-75 madola wagawo, angathetse ntchito yeniyeni ambiri ankhondo kuposa odana ake transatlantic F-15, amene "funsani" kuti mamiliyoni mazanamazana. Nthawi zovuta kusiyana ngati mwachionekere masewero m'manja mwa Russian "Oboroneksportu".

MiG nkhondowo zinachitikira

Malingana ngati mpikisano wa "Fulcrum" (yomwe imatchedwa NATO MiG-29) ndi F-15 ya "American Eagles" inali yongopeka, munthu akhoza kukangana kuti ndi ndege iti yomwe ili bwino. Kusamvana koyambirira koyambirira pakati pa makina awiri okondana kunkachitika kumwamba pa Persian Gulf (1991, Operation Desert Storm). Potsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika bwino chifukwa cha kukonzekera mosamalitsa, kupindula mwadzidzidzi komanso kuthandizira kulingalira komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchulukitsa, kuti pa nthawi yonse ya nkhondo ku Gulf Allied ndege sitingakwanitse kupambana chimodzimodzi kugonjetsa Iraqi MiG- 29. Zolinga zamakono za mtsogoleriyu adapanga Hussein kuti azigonjetsa mphepo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuwonongedwa kwa Britain "Tornado" kumpoto-kumadzulo kwa Iraq (malinga ndi zomwe sizinatsimikizidwe, sizinali zokha).

13 a MiG-29 ya Yugoslavia (onsewa anali akugwira ntchito ndi SFRY 15, koma awiri pachiyambi cha chiwawa chomwe chinali chosayenera kwa ntchito) anakana mobwerezabwereza kuposa mphamvu za NATO. Mwa njira yodabwitsa, oyendetsa ndege a ku America (adanena) anawombera pansi 24. Zoona, chirichonse sichinakhale cholimba monga momwe anachitira oyendetsa ndege a NATO. Zigawo zinayi zinaphulitsidwa mabomba ku aerodrome, imodzi yokhalapo yotayika inatayika chifukwa cha ngozi. Otsala asanu ndi mmodzi otsalawo anawomberedwa ndi NATO, utsogoleri wa mgwirizanowu, komabe, anayesera ndi mphamvu zake zonse kuti adziwononge zoperewera zake. Kulingalira nambala yawo, komanso gawo la zofunikira za MiGs panopa ndi zovuta.

Panali zochitika zina za kugonjetsa ndege za MiG-29, mwachisangalalo, zosavuta. Mulimonsemo, kupambana kwa kayendedwe ka galimoto yolimbana kungathe kuweruzidwa ndi mikangano yowonongeka, ngakhale ngati ikufanana ndi ziyeneretso za oyendetsa ndege. Panali zochepa zochitika m'mbiri yamakono, ndipo onse amanena kuti MiG-29 ikadali ndi moyo wautali.