Basitomala a SME: mbiri ya chilengedwe, ntchito, zida zamakono

Chidziwitso chochita ntchito zambiri zapadera ndi magulu ankhondo anasonyezera kuti zotsatira zabwino zimatheka kokha pokonzekera mosamala. Kawirikawiri ntchitoyo imafuna kugwira ntchito. Matendawa angakwaniritsidwe ngati pali chida chapadera chokonzekera ntchito. Chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zoterezi, chinapangidwa mwachindunji kwa KGB ndi Chief Staff wa GRU wa USSR, chinali mfuti yosasunthika ya SME "Groza".

Mbiri ya zida

Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1965, injini zochokera ku fakitale ya manja ya Tula ndi TsNIITOCHMASH ku Klimovsk adalamula Komiti ya Chitetezo cha Boma kuti imange pisitomala yapadera ya SME. Malingana ndi USSR Ministry of Defence Order No. 145 ya August 24, 1972, chitsanzo ichi (pansi pa TOZ-37M index) chinali ndi asilikali a KGB.

Kodi chidule cha SMEs ndi chiyani?

Gulu la Soviet "Groza" m'mayiko a Kumadzulo linalandira maina angapo. Padziko lonse lapansi, amadziwika ngati "kunong'ona kwa Russia" komanso "mfuti yopha anthu." Ulemerero wotere ku chida, chifukwa ntchito yake imaletsa ngakhale phokoso lochepa pa kuwombera. Pa phokosoli, amangomva phokoso lokhazikika kwambiri, limene limapanga ziwalo zina. Chifukwa cha izi, chitsanzo ichi ku Soviet Union chinadziwika kuti SME - batala, wamtengo wapatali.

Ntchito

Mfuti ya SME "Groza" inakonzedwa mwachindunji kwa ankhondo a Supreme Intelligence Directorate ndi magawo apadera a KGB. Mchitidwe uwu unagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa nkhondo ya nkhondo ku Afghanistan. Pa Cold War, asilikali a GRU ku Central America adagwiritsanso ntchito zida izi.

Kodi kulibe kwathunthu kwa mawu kumveka bwanji?

Kuwombera mosasunthika ku zida zotero monga SME zimapindula mwa kugwiritsa ntchito makapu apadera. Mu mapangidwe awo, pali pistoni yapadera yomwe imakhala pakati pa chipolopolo ndi mafuta, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukhudzana ndi mpweya wotentha ndi mpweya panthawi yoyaka moto. Powombera, mpweyawo ukuwotchera, mpweya womwe umapangidwa kuchokera kuzipsinjozi siwukakamizidwa osati motsutsana ndi chipolopolo, koma pa pistoni, yomwe mphamvu imatha kupita ku bullet. Panthawi ya kuwombera, chipolopolocho chimatuluka mumsewu wa mbiya, ndipo pistoni imakhalabe mu thunthu. Maonekedwe samulola kuti achoke. Choncho thupi la pistoni limagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa mphutsi mu thunthu, kuwateteza kuti asawuluke pambuyo pa chipolopolocho.

Ntchito yomanga

Mfuti ya SMP ndidongosolo logwiritsira ntchito mbiya ziwiri zomwe zimakhala pazithunzi imodzi. Mitengoyi imakhala ndi ntchentche, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipolopolo zimachoke ku mpweya. USM ili ndi zipilala ziwiri komanso nkhondo ya helical yomwe imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a chimbudzi. Icho chiri mu chigwirizano cha SME.

Mfuti imabweretsedwera mukumenyana ndi thandizo la lever yapadera - woyendetsa. Miphika iliyonse inapangidwira kuyambitsa kwake, komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kugwirana mwachindunji ndi kasupe womenyana. Kuti muyambe kuyambira pa malo apulaneti, dongosololi liri ndi kufufuza kwambiri.

Phokoso la Usm "Mvula" sikuti imadziwika. Chidachi chikukonzekera kuwombera pambuyo pa kutsekemera kwa chiwindi, chomwe chimakoka akasupe pamtsuko. Kulimbana ndi PSM kumachitika ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mutu wosasamalidwa ndikuuluka. Chifukwa cha zing'onozing'ono za chida ichi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pistoni, sizothandiza kukonzekera mfuti ndi zipangizo zokha. Pachifukwa ichi, pistoni yotuluka mu mbiya idzapangitsa kuti zovuta za SME zikhale zovuta.

Gulisi "Groza" ili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• USM wokhazikika.
• Chida chinapangidwira makapu (SP-3) caliber 7,62h38mm.
• Kulemera kwa pisitomu popanda cartridges ndi 530 g.
• Chida cha zida zokhala ndi chida cholimbana ndi 560 g.
• Kutalika konse ndi 115 mm.
• Kutalika kwa thunthu ndi 66 mm.
• Kutalika kwa pisitini ndi 91 mm.
• Kuwona ma SME ambiri sikudutsa mamita 50.
• Kuwombera mogwira mtima kumachitika patali wa mamita 15.
• Mphamvu ya shopu ya masitanti ndi 2 cartridges.
• Mlingo wa moto - 6 kuzungulira pa mphindi.

Kodi chitetezo chikugwira ntchito yotani?

Mapulani a PSM ali ndi mafasho ambiri:

• Bukulo, kapena losavomerezeka limatanthauza mbendera. Imachita kutseka kwa kufufuza. Ili kumbuyo kwa woyang'anira wothamanga kumanzere.
• Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisawonongeko ndikuyambanso kukoka pamene chipinda chosatsekedwa chatsekedwa.
• Fuse yomwe imachititsa kuti chotsamtimacho chisagwirizane ndi nsagwada chimalepheretsa kuwombera mwangozi kuti asiye mfuti.

Ubwino wa zida

Poyerekeza ndi zina zoterezi, PSM "Groza" ili ndi ubwino wambiri:

• Chida sichimveka bwino. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti liwiro la chipolopolocho ndilocheperapo liwiro lakumveka.
• Mfutiyo ndi yaying'ono komanso yopepuka, yomwe imathandiza kuti ikhale yosamvetsetseka.
• Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cartridges SP-3 kumaphatikizapo kupanga mapangidwe a mpweya wa mpweya: utatha kuyaka sasiya mtengowo. Pamene akuwombera, palibe kuwala komwe kumakhoza kumasula shooter.

PSM ili ndi zothandiza kwambiri. Ndi mtima wosamala, ma shoti oposa 500 akhoza kuchotsedwa pa mbiya iliyonse ya chida ichi. Nthaŵi zina, groove ya theka imachitika. Izi sizikugwira ntchito m'dongosolo. Choyambitsa chisokonezo ndi mpweya wa mpweya, umene amapezeka mu 5% ali ndi nthawi yopuma piston. Zotsatira zake, pamene akuwombera mfuti pang'ono.

Ambiri a mautumiki a chitetezo a boma akugwira ntchito m'mizinda. Mfuti "Mvula yamkuntho" chifukwa ichi ndi yabwino, chifukwa ilibe zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Kuchokera pamtunda wa mamita 50 ndi SMEs, mukhoza kudula bolodi ndi 250 mm. Chitsulo chachitsulo ku chida ichi sichikhoza kuponyedwa ngakhale pamtunda. Pogwiritsa ntchito mfutiyi, simungachite mantha ndi anthu osokoneza bongo komanso osowa.

Kodi kukonzekera kuwombera kwachitika bwanji?

Pofuna kubweretsa PSM kumenyana, ndikofunikira kuchita zotsatirazi:

• Tembenuzani chipika cha mbiyazo mpaka kumapeto. Cholinga chakecho chiyenera kukankhira pambali.
• Ikani cartrid imodzi mu mbiya iliyonse.
• Lembani mzere wamatabwa ndipo muuteteze iwo ndi latch.
• Onetsetsani katundu wa fuse.
• Bweretsani chiwombankhanga mpaka kumapeto ndipo mubwerere kumbali ina.
• Chotsani fuseti kuchokera ku SMB.

Pisitolomu panthawiyi ili mu zida za magetsi ena a Russian Federation.